Civil War Time

1. Civil War Time Turn to your clickety-click binder and find a new section

2. We are entering a challenging segment of our curriculum Come to class prepared. Bring: Binder (With standards) Pen/pencil Agenda

3. Make a title page in your notes and date it January 8, 2014 • Civil War SS8h6 - Beginning (Antebellum) - During (Battles, strategies, affects) - Aftermath (Reconstruction)

4. DIRECTIONS: Place name, date, and period at the top Then, circle the bolded, underline word “slavery” in the standard at the top of page

5. 3 S’s or Causes of the Civil War SLAVERY DEFINITION: • The practice of enslaving human beings • 4 million slaves in 1860 (31 mil). Over 400,000 in GA – ____% of population of the state.

6. Math + Social Studies = LOVE at first historical calculation Now that you have located the percentage of slaves in the state of Georgia before the Civil War, please answer the following on the new handout given to you: (These are on your handout) • Did the majority of whites in GA own slaves in 1860? • Which states, if any, have a higher percentage of slaves than GA? • What was the total number of slaveholders in GA in 1860, and how does it compare with other Southern states? • Does the data tell us if Southern slaveholders were more likely to own 1 slave or 5 or more slaves? Why do you think this is? • How many slaveholders in GA were shown to have held 500+ slaves in 1860?

7. SLAVERY Viewpoint of the NORTH • The North was highly industrial and had an enormous immigrant population to work in its factories, and didn’t have much demand for slaves. • By 1860, the North sold more than $60,000,000 in goods to export • Major industries –textiles, shipping, ship-building, iron/steel production, and mining • Northern govt. officials not interested in ending slavery in the slave states, but instead in keeping newly admitted states from becoming slave states.

8. SLAVERY Viewpoint of the SOUTH • The South’s economy  based on agricultural; therefore, there was a high demand/need for slaves. • Southern plantations generated 75% of the world's cotton supply. • Cotton = 60% of American exports ($200 million/yr) • Total value of slaves = $4 billion • The South was TERRIFIED that government leaders in the North would abolish slavery or not allow it to spread into new states being formed in the west.

9. DIRECTIONS: In a moment, you will analyze 4 maps of the United States from the years 1830-1860. Using only these maps as evidence, answer this question:What changes are occurring from 1830-1860, and how does this change affect slavery in the United States?

10. 1830

11. 1845

12. 1850

13. http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/ 1860

15. SLAVERYTHE MISSOURI COMPROMISE TURN TO PG. 222 in your textbook . - We will be reading about an event in US History known as The Missouri Compromise

16. EXAMPLE 1 - COMPROMISES OVER SLAVERY

18. SLAVERY • A compromise was reached: Missouri Compromise – • Maine would enter the Union as a free state and Missouri would enter as a slave state. • It stated that there would be no slavery north of the 36’30’ degree latitude line. This included any lands west of the southern boundary of Missouri. COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

19. SLAVERY The Compromise of 1850 – • 1.) California = free state • 2.) Slave trade = ended in Washington, D.C. • 3.) Utah and New Mexico territories would vote to become slave or free states • 4.) Strengthened the 1793 Fugitive Slave Act (Alleged fugitive slaves not permitted to testify in their own defense. Trial commissioner was paid $10 for a conviction, only $5 for an acquittal) COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

20. SLAVERY The Georgia Platform– • Although unpopular, members of General Assembly (Alexander Stephens) asked GAns to accept The GA Platform which stated the Compromise was necessary if GA were to stay in the Union. COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

21. SLAVERY Stephen Douglas of Illinois brought about passage of the… • Kansas-Nebraska Act - • 1854 - created territories of Nebraska and Kansas under clause of popular sovereignty • Popular sovereignty = any territory wanting admittance to the Union would be able to decide whether to enter as a free or slave state. COPY ONTO COMPROMISE ORGANIZER!

22. http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/ 1860

23. Dred Scott

24. SLAVERYScott v. Sanford (1857) • In 1834, Dred Scott was taken by his owner from Missouri (S) to Illinois (F) and Wisconsin territory (F). • When he returned to Missouri, Scott filed a lawsuit claiming he was free because he had lived in a free state.

25. SLAVERYDRED SCOTT • Abolitionists raised enough money to take the case to the U.S. Supreme Court. • The court said that he could not sue because he was a slave (personal property) and not a US citizen. • The court also stated that Congress had no right to stop slavery in western territories -- like they had done with Kansas.

26. 2nd S of the Civil War:SECTIONALISM • The belief that one’s own section or region’s interests or values are more important than another region’s interests.

27. 2nd S of the Civil War:SECTIONALISM Working for the common good! Viewpoint of the NORTH: • In order for the US to work as ONE nation, the laws created by federal government should be followed by ALL states. • “BIG national government, small states’ rights” • Ex. = The US House passing higher tariffs on imported goods in order to protect their own factories from overseas competition. Drove price of goods up for Southerners  South felt like it was being taken advantage of & wanted to repeal the tariffs.

28. 2nd S of the Civil War:SECTIONALISM Meeting individual needs! Viewpoint of the SOUTH • The South believed in state’s rights. • States had the right to govern themselves and to decide what would be best for their own needs and situation. • Ex. = a politician from Maine or New York couldn’t possibly understand the needs of a state like GA. • This meant “BIG states’ rights, small national government”

29. 2nd S of the Civil War:SECTIONALISM • The South also believed in nullification. • If a state finds a federal law unfair or unconstitutional they can declare it invalid and not obey it. • Good or bad? • Still be debating…

30. 3rd S of the Civil War:SECESSION • The formal act of withdrawing from the Union.

31. 3rd S of the Civil War:Secession Viewpoint of the NORTH: • Secession is unlawful and threatens the very principles our nation was founded on. Viewpoint of the SOUTH: • By 1861, many southerners felt that the only option was to secede from the union. • Secession is not unlawful and will allow both regions to live as they wish and in peace.

32. The Election of 1860 And, in this corner… John C. Breckinridge John Bell Stephen Douglass Abraham Lincoln • 4 different candidates – Douglass (N. Dem), Lincoln (Rep), Breckinridge (S. Dem), and Bell (CUP)

33. The Election of 1860 • With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won the election easily. • Southerners feared that a Republican victory would encourage radicals like John Brown to try and free slaves. • Even though Lincoln and the Republican party promised to leave slavery alone in the areas that it existed, southerners did not trust them. • The South cast only 16,000 votes for Lincoln. Won without 1 single electoral vote from a southern state. Not even one vote was cast for Lincoln in GA!

34. The Role of Alexander Stephens… • Most Georgians supported S. Carolina’s decision to secede except for Alexander Stephens (a GAn). He thought GA should stay with the Union. • On January 19, 1861, Georgia officially declared itself an independent republic. • Alexander Stephens goes on to be Vice President of the Confederate States of America.