STD/STI Presentation 8 th Grade STD’s – Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1. STD/STI Presentation 8th Grade STD’s – Sexually Transmitted Diseases STI’s – Sexually Transmitted Infections What’s the difference??? They actually are the same thing, just two different terms used.

2. Ground Rules • Ask questions: This can be done in class or through a writing your question out and giving this to your teacher. • No Put-Downs • It is okay to disagree but we must respect each other’s opinions or beliefs • Listen by providing eye contact to whomever is speaking • Respect people’s privacy – do not include their names or identities, instead say “someone I know”

3. Refusal Skills Say No Clearly say, both vocally and through your body language, that you don’t want to do what the other person is asking you to do. Show you are confident in your choice to say no. Walk Away If someone keeps pressuring you or doesn’t accept your no, you will leave the situation or get help from someone else. Suggest an alternative Suggest something else that you can do instead of … Tell a Consequence Provide a reason why you do not want to participate and be clear with your reason.

4. What does abstinence mean? Abstinence means not doing something. We abstain from cleaning our rooms, doing our homework, doing drugs, etc. Sexual Abstinence is choosing not to participate in sexual behaviors, including intercourse. Abstinence is the only 100% effective method for preventing STD/STI’s.

5. What activities can put me at risk for both STDs and HIV? • Having anal, vaginal, or oral sex without a condom; • Having multiple sex partners; • Having anonymous sex partners; • Having sex while under the influence of drugs or alcohol can lower inhibitions and result in greater sexual risk-taking.

6. Why does having an STD put me more at risk for getting HIV? If you get an STD you are more likely to get HIV than someone who is STD-free. This is because the same behaviors and circumstances that may put you at risk for getting an STD can also put you at greater risk for getting HIV. In addition, having a sore or break in the skin from an STD may allow HIV to more easily enter your body.

7. Mutual monogamy: Mutual monogamy means that you agree to be sexually active with only one person, who has agreed to be sexually active only with you. Being in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner is one of the most reliable ways to avoid STDs. But you must both be certain you are not infected, getting an STD Screening Test for all STDs, prior to sexual activity beginning. It is important to have an open and honest conversation with your partner.

8. Condoms: Correct and consistent use of the male latex condom is highly effective in reducing STD transmission. Use a condom consistently and correctly, every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.

9. Put Yourself to the Test Knowing your STD status is a critical step to stopping STD transmission. If you know you are infected you can take steps to protect yourself and your partners. Be sure to ask your healthcare provider to test you for STDs — asking is the only way to know whether you are receiving the right tests. And don’t forget to tell your partner to ask a healthcare provider about STD testing as well. Many STDs can be easily diagnosed and treated. If either you or your partner is infected, both of you need to receive treatment at the same time to avoid getting re-infected.

10. What can I do to prevent getting STDs and HIV? • The only way to avoid STDs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. If you are sexually active, you can do the following things to lower your chances of getting STDs and HIV: • Choose less risky sexual behaviors • Use condoms consistently and correctly; • Reduce the number of people with whom you have sex; • Limit or eliminate drug and alcohol use before and during sex; • Have an honest and open talk with your healthcare provider and ask whether you should be tested for STDs and HIV; • Talk to your healthcare provider

11. How do I prevent myself from contracting an STD? • Get an STD test after every relationship that involved sexual activity and ask to see the results – do not go by word of mouth • Consistent and correct use of latex condoms with nonoxial-9 spermicide will lower your risk however, many std’s are transmitted through sexual touch so condoms do not provide protection prior to intercourse • Be abstinent from sexual behaviors – sexual touch and intercourse • Involve yourself in monogamous relationships • Spend your time getting to know your partner without sexual activity and form honest and open communication between each other. When should I get tested? Chlamydia testing every year for women (sexually active) Annual HIV Tests (sexually active and IV drugs) If you have unprotected sex

12. If you have had sex with someone whose history of sex partners and or drug use is unknown to you or if you or your partner has had many sexual partners, then you have more of a chance of being infected with HIV. Both you and your new partner should be tested for HIV, and learn the results, before any sexually activity occurs. Where can I get tested for HIV/STD’s in Spokane? Planned Parenthood Clinics Spokane County Health Building

13. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the name of a condition in women where the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth of certain bacteria. It is sometimes accompanied by discharge, odor, pain, itching, or burning. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the name of a condition in women where the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth of certain bacteria. It is sometimes accompanied by discharge, odor, pain, itching, or burning. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age.

14. The vagina normally contains mostly "good" bacteria, and fewer "harmful" bacteria. BV develops when there is an increase in harmful bacteria. Any woman can get BV. However, some activities or behaviors can upset the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina and put women at increased risk including: Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners, Douching, and Using an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception Prescription Drugs It is not clear what role sexual activity plays in the development of BV. Women do not get BV from toilet seats, bedding, swimming pools, or from touching objects around them. Women that have never had sexual intercourse however can still be affected.

15. The cause of BV is not fully understood. BV is associated with an imbalance in the bacteria that are normally found in a woman's vagina. The vagina normally contains mostly "good" bacteria, and fewer "harmful" bacteria. BV develops when there is an increase in harmful bacteria. Not much is known about how women get BV. There are many unanswered questions about the role that harmful bacteria play in causing BV. Any woman can get BV. However, some activities or behaviors can upset the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina and put women at increased risk including: Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners, Douching, and Using an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception. It is not clear what role sexual activity plays in the development of BV. Women do not get BV from toilet seats, bedding, swimming pools, or from touching objects around them. Women that have never had sexual intercourse are rarely affected. Women with BV may have an abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor. Some women report a strong fish-like odor, especially after intercourse. Discharge, if present, is usually white or gray; it can be thin. Women with BV may also have burning during urination or itching around the outside of the vagina, or both. However, most women with BV report no signs or symptoms at all.

16. In most cases, BV causes no complications. But there are some serious risks from BV including: • Having BV can increase a woman's susceptibility to HIV infection if she is exposed to the HIV virus. • BV can increase a woman's susceptibility to other STDs, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), chlamydia and gonorrhea. Examination A health care provider must examine the vagina for signs of BV and perform laboratory tests on a sample of vaginal fluid to look for bacteria associated with BV (Pap Smear Exam). Treatment A health care provider will prescribe medication to clear up this bacterial infection.

17. It is known that BV is associated with having a new sex partner or having multiple sex partners. The following basic prevention steps can help reduce the risk of upsetting the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and developing BV: • Be abstinent. • Limit the number of sex partners. • Do not douche. • Use all of the medicine prescribed for treatment of BV, even if the signs and symptoms go away.

18. Facts Chlamydia (cla MI dee a) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Anyone can get chlamydia. It is very common among teens and young adults. Young, sexually active females need testing every year. Most people who have chlamydia don’t know it. Often the disease has no symptoms. You can pass chlamydia to others without knowing it. Chlamydia is easy to treat and cure. If you do not treat chlamydia, it can lead to serious health problems.

19.  HOW CAN I LOWER MY RISK FOR CHLAMYDIA? • The surest way to prevent chlamydia is not to have sex or to have sex only with someone who’s not infected and who has sex only with you. • Condoms can reduce your risk of getting chlamydia if used the right way every single time you have sex. • Washing the genitals, urinating, or douching after sex willnot prevent any STD.

20.  How does someone get chlamydia? You can get chlamydia by having sex with someone who has it. “Having sex” means having anal, oral, or vaginal sex. If you are a pregnant woman who has chlamydia, you can pass the infection to your baby.

21. What are the symptoms of chlamydia? IF YOU ARE A WOMAN You can get chlamydia in the vagina or rectum. You may not notice any symptoms. But if you do have symptoms, you might notice: • An unusual discharge from your vagina. • Burning when you urinate. • Pain, bleeding, or discharge from your rectum if you have anal sex. • If the infection spreads, you might get a fever or have pain during sex.  IF YOU ARE A MAN You can get chlamydia in the penis or rectum (if you have receptive anal sex). You may not notice any symptoms. But if you do have symptoms, you might notice: • A discharge from your penis. • Burning or itching around the opening of your penis when you urinate • Pain, bleeding, or discharge from your rectum if you have receptive anal sex.

22.  When should I be tested? IF YOU ARE A WOMAN You should be tested for chlamydia at least once a year if you are: • 25 or younger and you're having sex. • Older than 25 and you're having sex with more than one partner. • Older than 25 and you have a new sex partner. • Pregnant. IF YOU ARE A MAN See a doctor if you notice a discharge or feel a burning around your penis. If I have chlamydia, what does that mean for my partner? Your partner may have chlamydia, too. Tell your recent sex partners, so they can get tested and treated. Avoid having sex until you’ve both finished your treatment, so you don't re-infect each other.

23. If I have chlamydia, what does that mean for my partner? • Your partner may have chlamydia, too. • Tell your recent sex partners, so they can get tested and treated. • Avoid having sex until you’ve both finished your treatment, so you don't re-infect each other. How is chlamydia treated? • Chlamydia can be treated and cured with antibiotics. • Finish all of the medicine to be sure you are cured. • Do not share your medicine with anyone. You need all of it. • If you still have symptoms after treatment, go back to see the doctor. • You should get tested again three or four months after you finish your treatment. This is especially important if you are not sure if your partner was also treated.  Can I get chlamydia again after I've been treated? Yes, you can get chlamydia again. You can get it from an untreated partner or a new partner

24. What happens if I don't get treated? IF YOU ARE A WOMAN • Chlamydia stays in your body if it is not treated. It can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection of the reproductive organs. • PID may cause serious health problems if you become pregnant. PID can also cause damage that makes you unable to get pregnant. • PID may cause chronic pain in your pelvic area. • If you have untreated chlamydia, you could pass the infection to your baby when giving birth. Chlamydia can cause serious health problems for babies. • If you have untreated chlamydia, you have a higher chance of getting HIV if you have unprotected sex with an HIV-infected partner. IF YOU ARE A MAN • Chlamydia rarely causes long-term health problems in men. You may get an infection in the tube that carries sperm from the testes. This infection can cause pain and fever. In rare cases, this infection may prevent you from fathering children.

28. When should I be tested?  IF YOU ARE A WOMAN You should be tested for gonorrhea if you have: • Any symptoms, like pain or burning when you pass urine or vaginal discharge. • A partner who has gonorrhea or symptoms that might be gonorrhea. • Another STD, such as chlamydia. • If you're pregnant, ask the doctor if you should be tested for gonorrhea. IF YOU ARE A MAN You should be tested for gonorrhea if you have: • A discharge from your penis. You may also feel pain inside your penis. • Pain or burning when you pass urine. • Itching, soreness, bleeding, or rectal discharge, if you have receptive anal intercourse. • A partner that has gonorrhea or symptoms that might be gonorrhea. • Another STD, such as chlamydia. Gonorrhea can be treated and cured with antibiotics but if you don’t test your partner as well, often times you will just get re-infected. Both partners need to be tested and treated before any sexual contact is initiated again.

29. What happens if I don't get treated? Gonorrhea stays in your body if it is not treated. You may have a higher risk of getting HIV infection if you have unprotected sex with a partner living with HIV. Gonorrhea can also spread to the blood or joints. This condition can be very serious. IF YOU ARE A WOMEN • Gonorrhea can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection that happens when gonorrhea spreads to the reproductive organs. • PID can also cause damage that makes you unable to get pregnant. • Untreated gonorrhea may cause chronic pain in your pelvic area. • If you have untreated gonorrhea, you could pass the infection to your baby when giving birth. Gonorrhea can cause serious health problems for babies. IF YOU ARE A MAN • You may develop a painful condition in the testicles. In rare cases, this may prevent you from fathering children

30. Genital herpes • Genital herpes is common in both men and women in the U.S. • Most people who have genital herpes don’t know it. There are often no symptoms. • You can pass genital herpes to others without knowing it. • There is no cure for genital herpes, but there are treatments for the symptoms. • Genital herpes does not usually cause serious health problems.

31. What are the symptoms of genital herpes? Genital herpes often doesn’t cause any symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you might notice: • Painful blisters or sores on or around the genitals or anus. These sores typically heal within two to four weeks. • Feeling like you have the flu when the sores are present. • Sores that come back several times within a year. The presence of the sores is called an outbreak. There are two types of genital herpes virus - HSV1 and HSV2. Both types can cause sores or blisters on or around the genitals. HSV1 can also cause sores on the mouth or lips, which are called fever blisters or are commonly known as cold sores.

33. How does someone get genital herpes? • You can get genital herpes by having sex with someone who has it. “Having sex” means having anal, oral, or vaginal sex. • You can also get genital herpes if your genitals touch the infected skin or secretions (like saliva through oral sex) of someone who has it. Sexual touch using the mouth is also another common way of contracting this virus. • You can get genital herpes even if your partner shows no signs of the infection. This is a virus and has no cure! There are treatments for its symptoms. • Some medicines can prevent the blisters or make them go away faster. • If you have several outbreaks in a year, a treatment called daily suppressive therapy can reduce your chance of passing the infection to your sex partners.

34. What can I expect to happen if I have genital herpes? MEN AND WOMEN You can expect to have several outbreaks (usually four or five) a year. Over time you can expect to have fewer outbreaks. You have a higher chance of getting an HIV infection if you have unprotected sex with a partner living with HIV. Knowing that you have genital herpes may make you feel worried or sad. Talk with a doctor about your concerns. PREGNANT WOMEN In rare cases, you could pass the infection to your baby. If you have active genital herpes when you go into labor, the doctor may do a cesarean delivery (“C-section”) so that the baby does not pass through this virus and get the infection to their body. Be sure to tell your doctor if you or your partner has genital herpes.

35. Genital human papillomavirus (/pap pil LO ma VY rus/)(HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States. At least 50% of sexually active people will have genital HPV at some time in their lives. Most people who have genital HPV don’t know they have it. There are often no symptoms, and it goes away on its own—without causing any serious health problems. HPV is passed on through genital contact (such as vaginal and anal sex). You can pass HPV to others without knowing it. There is no cure for HPV, but there are treatments for the health problems that some types of HPV can cause, like genital warts and cervical cancer.

36. HOW CAN I LOWER MY RISK FOR HPV? The surest way to prevent HPV is not to have sex. If you decide to be sexually active, limit the number of partners you have. The fewer sex partners you have, the less likely you will be to get HPV. Condoms may lower chances of getting HPV, genital warts, or cervical cancer if used the right way every time you have sex. However, HPV can infect areas that are not covered by a condom—so you should not expect condoms to fully protect against HPV. Washing the genitals, urinating, or douching after sex will not prevent any sexually transmitted disease. How does someone get HPV? Anyone who has ever had genital contact with another person can have genital HPV. Both men and women can get it - and pass it on - without even realizing it.

37. What are the health effects of HPV? Genital HPV does not cause health problems for most people. There are many types of HPV. All HPV infections are either low-risk or high-risk. Low-risk HPV infections can cause genital warts. The warts are usually painless and not a serious problem. They can be flat or raised, single or in groups, and small or large. Without treatment, the warts may grow in size and number, or they may go away on their own. Women with HPV might have warts on the vagina, vulva, or cervix. Men with HPV might have warts on the penis, scrotum, or groin. Both men and women can have genital warts on the anus or thigh. High-risk HPV infections can sometimes develop into cancer of the cervix (the opening of the womb). These infections may also lead to other cancers, such as anal cancer. In some people, high-risk HPV infections can persist and cause cell changes. If these cell changes are not treated, they may lead to cancer over time. It is only persistent HPV infections (the kind that don’t go away for years) that put people at risk for cancer. The types of HPV that can cause cancer are not the same as the types that can cause genital warts. Most types of HPV do not cause cancer bur regular yearly pap test screenings in women are necessary to screen these types out.

38. More important information about HPV  IF YOU ARE A WOMAN It’s important to know about the link between genital HPV and cervical cancer and about the steps you can take to prevent this disease. Cervical cancer can be prevented with regular Pap tests and follow-up. Pap tests can find problems in the cervix that are caused by HPV. IF YOU ARE A MAN It’s important to know that you can have genital HPV—and pass it to your partner—even if you have no symptoms. Some types of HPV can lead to cancer of the anus and penis, but these cancers are rare in healthy men.

39. Can HPV be treated? • There is no treatment for genital HPV itself. Most of the time, though, your body fights off the virus on its own • There are treatments for the health problems that genital HPV can cause, like genital warts, cervical changes, and cervical cancer. • Even after genital warts are treated, the virus may remain in the body. This means that you may still pass HPV to your sex partners. What about a vaccine? • The FDA has approved a vaccine that protects against four types of HPV. Together, these four types of HPV cause 7 out of 10 cases of cervical cancer and 9 out of 10 cases of genital warts. • Experts on vaccines have recommended that all girls should get the vaccine when they are 11 or 12 years old. Girls and women between 13 and 26 years old can also benefit from the vaccine. • The vaccine is not approved for women older than 26 • They are currently working on a vaccine for men

41. Syphilis • Bacterial Infection • Spread from direct contact with infection • 4 Stage infection • Primary Stage – Single Sore (Chancre) appears & lasts 3-6 weeks • Secondary Stage – Skin Rash & Lesions Starts on the hands and feet – red rash • Late & Latent Stage – rash is gone and no symptoms appear but spreads throughout the body and enters the nervous system. If you go without treatment, disease spreads to internal organs, liver, bones, vessels, brain, & heart.

45. How does someone get trichomoniasis? • You can get trichomoniasis by having vaginal sex with someone who has it. • Women usually get the infection in the vagina. • Men usually get the infection in the urethra (urine canal). • Women can get the disease from infected men or women. Men usually get it only from infected women.

46. IF YOU ARE A WOMAN You might notice these symptoms: • An unusual discharge, with a strong smell, from your vagina. • Discomfort when you urinate and when you have sex. • Irritation or itching around your genitals. IF YOU ARE A MAN Most men who have trichomoniasis don’t have any symptoms, but you might notice: • An irritation or burning feeling inside your penis. A discharge from your penis. • Can cause infections in the urethra or prostate gland Many people show no symptoms and don’t find out they have this parasite until they get an STD test. Harder to diagnose in men than women.

47. Pubic "Crab" Lice • Adult pubic lice are 1.1-1.8 mm in length. Pubic lice typically are found attached to hair in the pubic area but sometimes are found on coarse hair elsewhere on the body (for example, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, mustache, chest, armpits, etc.). • Pubic lice infestations are usually spread through sexual contact. • Both over-the-counter and prescription medications are available for treatment of pubic lice infestations. Make sure the over the counter medicine is safe for genital use. • Lice can not jump or fly, but only crawl slowly so you can not get pubic lice from a public toilet seat unless you sit directly onto the lice itself. • Lice can live outside of the human body for 48 hours. • Lice can be spread from clothing, bedding, towels if the infected person was in direct contact with them – the best way to disinfect lice is in the dryer on high heat for 20 minutes. Water will not destroy lice.