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V ertebral column

V ertebral column . Supports Skull Pectoral girdle Upper limb Thoracic cage Protects Spinal cord and the spinal nerve roots. Composed of 33 vertebrae 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal.

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V ertebral column

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  1. Vertebral column Supports • Skull • Pectoral girdle • Upper limb • Thoracic cage Protects • Spinal cord and the spinal nerve roots

  2. Composed of • 33 vertebrae • 7 cervical • 12 thoracic • 5 lumbar • 5 sacral • 4 coccygeal

  3. Because it is segmented, made of vertebrae, pads of fibrocartilage, the intervertebral discs join each vertebra • The intervertebral discs form about 1/4th of the length of column

  4. Typical vertebra consists of rounded body, anteriorly • Vertebral arch posteriorly. • These enclose vertebral foramen, through which spinal cord runs. • Arch consists of 7 processes • Spinous process(1) • Transverse process(2) • Articular processes(4)

  5. Joints Between Two Vertebral Bodies • Upper and lower surfaces of the bodies of adjacent vertebrae by thin plates of hyaline cartilage. • Sandwiched between the plates of hyaline cartilage is an intervertebral disc of fibrocartilage.

  6. Each disc has • a peripheral part, anulusfibrosus (consisting of concentric layers of collagen fibers), and • a central part the nucleus pulposus (ovoid mass of gelatinous material collagen fibers and a few cartilage cells).

  7. A sudden increase in compression load on vertebral column causes nucleus pulposus to thrust outward, where it may press on the spinal cord or the nerve roots causing pain. • This mainly happens with advancing age collagen fibers of the anulusdegenrates and as a result the anulus cannot contain the nucleus pulposus under stress. • The 1st, 2nd cervical verterbrae, sacrum, and coccyx lacks intervertebral discs

  8. Joints between two vertebral arches • Synocial joints between the supeerior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae. • The articular facets are covered by hyaline cartilage and sorrounded by a capsular ligament. • Supraspinousligament,interspinous ligament, intertransverse ligaments and ligamentumflavum helps in stabilizing the joints • In cervical region, the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments are greatly thickened to form strong ligamentumnuchae,which extends from 7th cervical spine to the external occipital protuberance

  9. Atlanto-Occipital joints • Synovial joints • Between occipital condyles(present on either side of foramen magnum) and facets on the superior surfaces of the lateral masses of the atlas • Capable of flexion , extension and lateral flexion. They do not rotate

  10. Atlanto-Axial joints • 3 synovial joints; • 1 between odontoid process and the anterior arch of atlas • 2 between the lateral masses of the bones • Extensive rotation of the atlas and thus the head on the axis.

  11. Curves of verterbral column • In fetus, the vertebral column has one continuous posterior convexity. • In adult, the vertebral column exibits • Cervical , posterior concavity • Thoracic, posterior convexity • Lumbar, posterior concavity and • sacral, posterior convexity • In old age, the intervetebral discs atropy • gradual return of vertebral column to continuous posterior convexity

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