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Intro to Acids & Bases

Intro to Acids & Bases. General Properties Indicators Neutralization Reactions. Acids. A compound that produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water Ex: HCl + H 2 O → H 3 O + + Cl - Common Acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric Acid (HNO 3 ), Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 ).

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Intro to Acids & Bases

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  1. Intro to Acids & Bases General Properties Indicators Neutralization Reactions

  2. Acids • A compound that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water • Ex: HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl- • Common Acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric Acid (HNO3), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

  3. General Properties of Acids • Sour Taste • Ex: Citric Acid (citrus fruits), Acetic Acid (vinegar) • Reacts with metals • to produce H2 gas • Produces certain color changes in indicators • blue litmus → red

  4. Bases • A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water • Ex: NaOH → Na+ + OH- • Common Bases: • Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2; Sodium Hydroxide NaOH; Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2

  5. General Properties of Bases • Bitter Taste • Ex: Chocolate w/o sugar contains the base theobromine • Slippery Feel (soap) • Produces certain color changes in indicators • red litmus → blue

  6. Indicators • Any substance that will change colors based on different conditions, especially in the presence of acids or bases • Examples: litmus paper, phenolphthalein

  7. Neutralization Reactions • Chemical reaction between an acid and a base • The negative ions (anions) from the acid combine with the positive ions from the base (cations) to form an ionic compound called a salt • Second product is water

  8. Neutralization Reactions • HCl + NaOH → • HCl + NaOH → HOH + NaCl • HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 → ? • HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 → Mg(NO3)2 +H2O • H2SO4 + LiOH → ? • H2SO4 + LiOH → Li2SO4 + H2O

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