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World History I

World History I. Lecture 10.3 Civilizations of the Americas. Make sure that you are viewing this in “Slide Show” format. Click on “Slide Show” and push “from beginning”. Move through the presentation by pushing on the “up” and “down” arrows” on your keyboard.

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World History I

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  1. World History I Lecture 10.3 Civilizations of the Americas

  2. Make sure that you are viewing this in “Slide Show” format. Click on “Slide Show” and push “from beginning”. Move through the presentation by pushing on the “up” and “down” arrows” on your keyboard The greatest mystery of World History One Why do we talk about these people? But we never talk about these people

  3. The Western Hemisphere(the last place to be settled) Virginia Beach • There are no urbanized cultures in North America until the arrival of European settlers • Geographic features of Central America • The Gulf of Mexico is surrounded by North and Central America • The Mexican Plateau is in central Mexico and includes Mexico City • The Yucatan Peninsula includes southeastern Mexico and Belize • Guatemala is in middle Central America • Geographic features of South America • The Andes Mountains run along the entire west coast • Equator, Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile are countries on the west coast Nothing to see here (yet) Axum

  4. Mayan Civilization(the mystery of its disappearance) • Classical Mayan civilization lasted from 250 to 900 CE/AD • It was Located on the Yucatan Peninsula and Guatemala (primarily in rainforests) • Mayan civilization formed as a group of city-states ruled by a king • There are three hypotheses regarding the end of Mayan civilization • Mayans exhausted the environment around them and could not sustain their civilization • Constant warfare between city-states led to a breakdown in order ( complicated military, family (by marriage) and trade alliances) • There was a catastrophic environmental change like an extremely long, intense period of drought Hip ball – great game until you’re beheaded for losing (it was an honor to die)

  5. Mayan Civilization(Why this is a civilization?) • The Mayan social structure included priests, nobles (political and military rulers, officials, priests, local leaders, etc.), warriors, peasants(farmers, laborers and servants), and slaves • The Mayan economy was agricultural with trade based urban and religious centers • The government and political subdivisions of Mayan civilization included independent city-states that served as religious centers ruled by a king (ChichénItzāin Mexico is an example of this) • Mayan religion was based on a polytheistic worship of nature gods, astronomy, human sacrifice and worship within in stone temples • Mayan Scientific/technological achievements included a number system with zero, pictograms, glyphs (Mayan Script), wide paved roads, a 365 day calendar, and a long count calendar based on astronomy I couldn’t help myself

  6. Aztec Civilization(A complex American society) • The Aztecs were located on a lake in an arid valley of central Mexico from 1325 to 1521 • They have a complex social structure • The king (chosen from the “noble families”) • nobles (government/military leaders, high level priests, and lords), priests, commoners (farmers, artisans, merchants, and low-level priests) • Serfs and slaves • All members of Aztec civilization received a compulsory education • The Aztecs are an agricultural based economy • The Aztecs are conquered by the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes (the Age of Discovery) Look out! (see World History II/AP)

  7. Aztec Civilization(Why is this a civilization?) • Aztec Government included the Huey Tlatcani (“Great Speaker” or emperor like Montezuma II), city councils (like the Roman Senate), and noble families (a group of families who jointly owned land) • The Aztecs were a militaristic society in which warfare was considered a religious duty • Aztec religion was polytheistic an focused on sun worship. It was led by the Emperor and focused on human sacrifice to appease the gods • Aztec Scientific and technological achievements • The Capital of Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City) was built on an island in the middle of a lake and held 200,000 citizens • causeways, aqueducts, and dams sustained the city • Aztec contributions include a calendar, writing system, pyramids and mathematics It’s not called Montezuma’s revenge for nothing!

  8. Incan Civilization(The Mountain civilization) • Located in Andes Mountains of South America (Equator, Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile) from 1438 to 1533 CE/AD. It is a high altitude agricultural economy based on exchange and reciprocity • Ruled by an feudal emperor and nobles in four semi-independent provinces. Machu Picchu is an example of Incan urban life, but its function is unknown • Incan religion was based in the capital Cuzco and was a polytheistic based primarily on ancestor worship • Scientific/technological achievements include a 12,000 mile transportation system (roads, tunnels, bridges), calendar, writing system and mathematics • Fell to Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro This guy is downright vicious!

  9. Great Job! You’re done! Prehistory: Paleo and Neolithic Eras Exceptions: Asia/Japan, Africa, Americas

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