“Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.”

“Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.” Leo Tolstoy

Brown vs. Board of Ed • Hurt one’s self esteem, made to feel inferior • Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896 • Jim Crow Laws, Standard practice • 14th Amendment • Dangerous walk to school • Loss of tax base • Others were able to make it, Prepare for real life • Hypocritical-our fight for freedom in the world Click on image

1954 Board of Education Self esteem-made to feel inferior 14th Amendment: all citizens are equal. All men are created equal. Hypocritical to fight for freedom in world and not at home Truman had integrated the army. Plessy versus Ferguson: Separate but equal. Tax base would leave the schools Others had succeeded and had little opportunities Prepare for the real world Unsafe for her to be in school. Brown

Chief Justice Earl Warren Opinion We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are . . deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

Unmaking Brown • 1/3 black students attend school in places where the black population is more than 90% • 1/2 white students attend schools that are more than 90% white. • 1/3 of all black and Latino students attend high-poverty schools • 1/25 white students attend high poverty schools. Savage inequalities video

Who was the first African American to play major league baseball? Moses Fleetwood Walker Toledo Blue Stockings 1884

Nadir Period 1890-1940 Causes • Social Darwinism: justify the quest for wealth by subscribing to survival of the fittest as a rationale for class and racial privilege. • Indian removal: It is o.k. to take Indian lands because they are not white • Immigration: Chinese immigrants threatened jobs of westerns, will be excluded. • Imperialism: Hawaii, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Haiti cannot govern themselves.

Nadir Period Effects • Plessy v. Ferguson • Segregation-Jim Crow laws • All men = • Distorted history

Purchase of Manhattan 1626 for $24 worth of beads • Did eastern Indians wear a headdress? • Why are they dressed for opposing weather conditions? • Primitive Indian vs. Civilized Dutchman. • Did Native Americans want trinkets and beads? • Steel axes, knives, metal kettles, guns, and colorful woolen blankets. • Would native Americans give up their villages, gardens, fields, burial ground, and gathering and hunting rights for beads? • What is Wall Street? Why did Dutch build a wall to keep out the people that sold them the land for $24?

Nadir Period End of the Nadir • Great migration of blacks to Northern cities • Foreign independence movements ex. India • WWII-Hitler effect • Civil rights movement

“You must be the change you wish to see in the world.” Mahatma Gandhi

“Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.”