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Measuring Length: Instruments, Units, and Observation Techniques in Scientific Investigations

This chapter introduces the crucial concepts of measuring length in scientific investigations. It differentiates between qualitative and quantitative observations, highlighting the importance of accurate measurements. Essential physical quantities are defined, and various instruments for measuring length are discussed, including metre rules, vernier calipers, and micrometer screw gauges, each with their precision. Techniques to minimize parallax error in measurements are also emphasized, ensuring reliability and accuracy in scientific practices.

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Measuring Length: Instruments, Units, and Observation Techniques in Scientific Investigations

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  1. Chapter 2 Measuring Length - Introduction to instruments and units used

  2. Introduction 1. Observation is a science process skill used in investigations 2. Observations • Qualitative • Quantitative 3. Qualitative observations -5senses -descriptions e.g. It is smooth. The gas is pungent and colourless. It is moving quickly. 4.Quantitative observation -accurate measurements using instruments e.g metre rule, measuring tape, vernier calipers, measuring cylinder, pipette, burette, electronic balance, spring balance

  3. Physical Quantities 1. A physical quantity is a quantity which can be measured. e.g. length, area, volume, time, temperature, mass 2. A non-physical quantity is one which cannot be measured. e.g beauty, kindness, humour, sadness, untidiness

  4. Exploring Science 1-CDIS

  5. Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol SI Unit length metrem time second s kilogram kg mass newton N weight

  6. Measuring Length SI unit: metre (m) millimetre (mm) andcentimetre (cm) Smaller units: 1 m = 100 cm 1 m = 1000 mm 1100 11000 1 cm = m 1 mm = m =0.01 m 1 cm = _____ mm 10

  7. Instruments for Length -metre rule and measuring tape -accuracy of 0.1 cm (1 mm)

  8. Instruments for Length External Caliper - accuracy of 0.1 cm Internal Caliper - accuracy of 0.1 cm

  9. External Calipers Measuring the external diameter of a beaker

  10. External Calipers Measuring the external diameter of a beaker

  11. Internal Calipers Measuring the internal diameter of a beaker

  12. Internal Calipers Measuring the internal diameter of a beaker

  13. Vernier Calipers -for measuring short lengths -accuracy of 0.01 cm or 0.1mm

  14. Physics - A Course for ‘O’ Level Federal

  15. Physics - A Course for ‘O’ Level Federal

  16. Parallax Error is an error in a measurement due to the eye not being in the correct position when taking a reading. For accurate measurements using the metre rule or measuring tape, the eye must be placed vertically above the mark being read to prevent parallax error.

  17. Micrometer Screw Gauge - accuracy of 0.001 cm

  18. Micrometer Screw Gauge anvil sleeve thimble ratchet spindle frame

  19. When using a ruler, parallax errors can be avoided by - placing the eye vertically above the marking on the scale to be read. - placing a thick ruler on its edge beside the object to be measured so that the scale is touching it - using a thin ruler so that the scale is touching the object to be measured

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