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THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS. FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE. Lack of centralized government. No control over military forces. Fractured religiously. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS. FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE. Religious conflict. Huguenots (French Calvinists) v. Catholics.

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THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS

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  1. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS

  2. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE • Lack of centralized government • No control over military forces • Fractured religiously

  3. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE • Religious conflict • Huguenots (French Calvinists) v. Catholics • Unable to make permanent peace St. Barthelomew’s Day Massacre, 1572

  4. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE:CHAOS & VIOLENCE • POLITIQUES: Champions of secular power • Jean Bodin: Theory of Sovereignty • Henry of Navarre = Henry IV (r. 1589-1610) • Founds Bourbon dynasty • Issues EDICT OF NANTES (1598)

  5. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: UNIFICIATION & CENTRALIZATION • Henry IV & the rebuilding of France • “a chicken in every pot” • built up central government • laid foundations for absolutism • But assassinated in 1610 Assassination of Henry IV, 1610

  6. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: UNIFICATION & CENTRALIZATION • Regency of Marie de Medici, 1610-1617 • Nobility & clergy force calling of Estates General • But Marie dissolves it in 1614 • Not called again until French Revolution (1789)

  7. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES • Disarray & decline • Increasing religious conflict • Habsburgs trying to centralize authority

  8. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES • THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-1648) • Catholics v. Protestants • Emperor v. states • International conflict

  9. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES • THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-1648) • Conflict began in Bohemia (Czech lands) • Spread to other Protestant regions • Spain enters war to help Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II Defenestration at Prague, 1618

  10. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES • THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-1648) • King of Denmark joins to support Protestants • Swedes also champion Protestant cause • Catholic France enters on Protestant side (!) Christian IV of Denmark Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Louis XIII of France

  11. THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES • War extremely destructive • PEACE OF WESTPHALIA - 1648 • Allowed states to chose religion • Holy Roman Empire virtually dissolved • German states gain sovereignty • Redrew map of Europe

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