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ELE2

ELE2. ANALOGUE REVISION NOTES. Differential amplifier Large input resistance 10 9  Large open-loop voltage gain, A,  10 6 Low output resistance  100 Frequency compensated Gain-bandwidth product. OP-AMPs. Input resistance = R 1 Output inverted Virtual earth point

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ELE2

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  1. ELE2 ANALOGUE REVISION NOTES

  2. Differential amplifier Large input resistance 109 Large open-loop voltage gain, A,  106 Low output resistance  100 Frequency compensated Gain-bandwidth product OP-AMPs

  3. Input resistance = R1 Output inverted Virtual earth point Saturation/clipping Bandwidth/voltage gain Minimum resistance 1k Inverting Amplifier

  4. Recognise by multiple inputs Input resistance of each input = R Behaves the same as the inverting amplifier Used in DAC & Mixer Summing Amplifier

  5. Very large input resistance  109 Beware input resistor to 0V Output in phase with input Voltage gain/bandwidth Minimum voltage gain = 1 Voltage follower when Rf = 0 or R1= Non-inverting amplifier

  6. Voltage gain  0.7 – 1 Current gain  109 Output voltage in phase with input Very large input resistance  109 Remember to subtract Vgs from Vin to obtain Vout N-channel and p-channel Source Follower

  7. Provides power gain Needs op-amp to provide voltage gain Cross-over distortion at low volume Bias MOSFETs into conduction Saturation/clipping at high volume Increase supply voltage or reduce input voltage Push-pull amplifier 1

  8. Negative feedback Heat sinks Metal conduction Black radiation Large surface area Convection Radiation Fan Convection Push-pull amplifier 2

  9. Capacitor reactance • Reactance – the opposition to the flow of alternating current. • Measured in ohms. • Capacitor reactance decreases with frequency.

  10. Allows low frequency signals to pass, attenuates high frequency signals Break point Xc = R Low pass filter

  11. High pass filter • Allows high frequency signals to pass, attenuates low frequency signals • Break point Xc = R

  12. ELE2 Questions • Set in context – read the context – underline relevant details. • Look carefully at circuit diagrams – circle and name sub-systems. • Focus on relevant bookwork descriptions and calculations – answer these. • Attempt all sections – no credit can be given if there is no attempt at an answer. • Estimate, Calculate – show your working. • State and explain – do both!

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