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Outlook on Milk Prices: Key Factors Influencing the Dairy Market in 2023

In 2023, predicting milk prices is more complex than ever, with numerous contributing factors. This analysis covers both long-term and short-term trends affecting the dairy market, including supply demand discrepancies, cow production rates, and rising feed costs. Despite weakened domestic demand, strong export performance has cushioned the market. Key concerns include global production fluctuations and economic instability. As we move forward, the USDA's adjustments to the MILC program may provide necessary support, yet milk prices are forecasted to decline without robust export markets.

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Outlook on Milk Prices: Key Factors Influencing the Dairy Market in 2023

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  1. Outlook for Milk Prices Mark Stephenson, Ph.D. Cornell Program on Dairy Markets & Policy

  2. Need an Excuse? • I have never seen so many factors that need to be considered in a milk price forecast as there are this year. • Even though it is more complicated than usual, I think that the answer is actually straight-forward.

  3. Supply and Utilization

  4. Trends… • Long-term trends • Short-term trends • Reasons to deviate from trends

  5. Annual U.S. Milk Cows

  6. Monthly U.S. Milk Cows

  7. Cow Slaughter (CWT is trying to do their bit)

  8. Annual U.S. Milk per Cow

  9. Milk per Cow lbs per cow per day

  10. Feed Costs Have Been Way Up

  11. Milk Production Percent Change from Year Earlier

  12. All Milk Price

  13. ? Restaurant Performance Index

  14. Exports • We are exporting 11-12% of milk solids • A few years ago it was about 2-3% • We exported more than $3 billion in 2008 • We will have a positive dollar trade balance in dairy in 2008

  15. Exporting Many Products

  16. Commercial NFDM Stocks Supply Response Drought Exports

  17. Butter Production

  18. Commercial Butter Stocks

  19. Talking Points… • Domestic demand has been down—we just haven’t felt it • Until recently, exports have been strong and picking up the slack • What happens if exports can’t hold up?

  20. Consumer Price Index

  21. Fluid Milk Sales

  22. Troubling Trends

  23. Big Unknowns… • Production in Oceania (new season) • Production in EU (increased quota, resumed interventions & subsidies) • Overseas demand • Global recession? • Food scares • Exchange Rates

  24. USD vs Euro Dollar Weakening Strengthening

  25. Milk-Feed Margin

  26. Implications of Milk-Feed Margin • Instead of 2-3% milk production increases, I think that our domestic and export opportunities only have room for less than 0.5% increase—maybe even no increase. • Futures Milk-Feed Margin is probably bad enough to slow production down that far (but MILC will temper the correction). • Some production is below variable costs.

  27. Supply & Utilization

  28. Price Forecast

  29. MILC • New MILC program adjusts trigger price with feed costs • Increases payout percentage to 45% • Increases eligible milk volume to 2.985 million pounds

  30. Bottom Line… • Milk prices will be well down in 2009 • Feed prices will also be down • Unless we can find export markets for a fair amount of product, milk prices will have to curtail production • I have All-Milk price down $4.88 • May be some room for improvement in Fall • MILC will add about $0.75 per cwt on all milk • 150,000,000 lbs of NFDM have already been sold to the CCC from October until the present

  31. Perspective… • We are currently experiencing an alignment of bad things but longer-term fundamentals look good for dairy • Domestic and international demand trends will continue as economies recover • The U.S. will need to find a role as something other than “global balancer” given our capability to produce dairy products • Dairy products can still find channel opportunities through the recession

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