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Structural Loading in Buildings: Substructure and Superstructure Elements

Learn about the three main types of stress - tension, compression, and shear - and explore the components under stress in buildings. Understand the role of substructure, including the damp proof course, and primary and secondary elements of the superstructure.

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Structural Loading in Buildings: Substructure and Superstructure Elements

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  1. Structural loading • There are three main types of stress: • Tension – pulls or stretches a material • Compression – squeezes the material • Shear –when one part of a component slides over another. • Look around you. Can you see any components under stress?

  2. Substructure All buildings have a substructure – all of the structure below ground, up to and including the damp proof course. What is the main part of a substructure?

  3. Superstructure: primary elements Primary elements are the main supporting, enclosing and protecting elements of the superstructure. They divide space and provide floor-to-floor access. What primary elements can you name?

  4. Superstructure: secondary elements The secondary elements are not essential to the building’s strength or structure, but provide a particular function, such as completing openings in walls. What secondary elements can you name?

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