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Chronic Illness

Chronic Illness. Defining diabetes and the different types of diabetes. Diabetes in NY . Part one http://video.nytimes.com/video/2006/01/05/nyregion/1194817098447/bad-blood-the-diabetes-problem.html Part Two

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Chronic Illness

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  1. Chronic Illness Defining diabetes and the different types of diabetes

  2. Diabetes in NY • Part one http://video.nytimes.com/video/2006/01/05/nyregion/1194817098447/bad-blood-the-diabetes-problem.html • Part Two http://video.nytimes.com/video/2006/01/05/nyregion/1194817094114/bad-blood-the-face-of-diabetes.html?scp=2&sq=diabetes&st=cse • Part three http://video.nytimes.com/video/2006/01/05/nyregion/1194817110909/bad-blood-treatment-and-troubles.html?scp=5&sq=diabetes&st=cse

  3. Do Now In your own words define diabetes Please write it in your do now sheet If you need help look at the text book page 689.

  4. What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. What is the problem? Diabetes can lead to serious complications and premature death, but people with diabetes can take steps to control the disease and lower the risk of complications.

  5. What is the function of Insulin? Insulin - a hormone that is needed to convert sugar (glucose), starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. How does it work? When you eat food, the stomach and digestive system breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. This glucose is released into the bloodstream, the insulin then takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. * All the cells of the body use glucose for energy.

  6. What happens when the insulin is missing? Insulin acts as a key, unlocking the cells and enabling glucose to enter and provide fuel and energy. When glucose (sugar) builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems: • Right away, your cells may be starved for energy. 2. The level of glucose in the blood rises to unhealthy levels. Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart. In people with diabetes, that key is gone

  7. Types of Diabetes Type I Diabetes (juvenile diabetes) is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. It is an autoimmune disorder http://kidshealth.org/teen/videos/in_diabetes_vd.html#cat20696 2:11 Mintues

  8. Types of Diabetes Types II Diabetes (Adult onset diabetes)This is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin http://kidshealth.org/teen/videos/in_diabetes_vd.html#cat20696 4 minutes Type 2 diabetes is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, as well as the aged population.

  9. Types of Diabetes Gestational Diabetes • Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. • Gestational diabetes affects about 4% of all pregnant women

  10. Group Work True or False ? • Read your statement and discuss whether it is true or false. 2. Write the response on your poster paper. There are many way to do this. 3.Find your statement in the Article: Diabetes: What’s True or False? 4. Summarize what you read and write it down on your paper. 5. Present (If time allows)

  11. Types of Diabetes Metabolic syndrome – Insulin resistance Lack of physical activity causes the cells to be less responsive to insulin. Most experts agree that obesity leads to more insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low HDL ("good cholesterol").

  12. Could I Have diabetes? • http://diabetes.webmd.com/diabetes-health-check/default.htm • https://www.facebook.com/AmericanDiabetesAssociation/app_283844141683657 • Print version • http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Documents/Diabetes%20self%20assessment.htm

  13. How Do I Know If I Have Diabetes? Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose, include: Frequent urination Unusual hunger Extreme thirst Exhaustion Weight loss Blurry vision Weakness Nausea Dehydration Fruity-smelling breath Vomiting Stomach pain Unconsciousness/coma Drowsiness

  14. How Do I Know If I Have Diabetes? • Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, include: Shakiness Sweating Nervousness Irritability, sadness, or anger Impatience Fast heartbeat Chills and cold sweat Light-headedness or dizziness Hunger Drowsiness Stubbornness or combativeness Lack of coordination Blurry vision Nausea Headaches Strange behavior Confusion Personality change Passing out Tingling or numbness of lips or tongue

  15. How Do I Know if I Have Diabetes? (cont) • Frequent infections • Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal • Tingling/numbness in the hands/feet • Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections, yeast infection • *Often people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms

  16. How Do I Know if I Have Diabetes? • Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG) • 100 and 125 mg/dl signals pre-diabetes. • 126 mg/dl or higher has diabetes. • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). (a person's blood glucose level is measured after a fast and two hours after drinking a glucose-rich beverage).If the two-hour blood glucose level is • 140 and 199 mg/dl, the person tested has pre-diabetes • 200 mg/dl or higher, the person tested has diabetes.

  17. Complications of Diabetes • Heart disease and stroke • Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about 2 to 4 times higher than adults without diabetes. • The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher and the risk of death from stroke is 2.8 times higher among people with diabetes. • High blood pressure • Kidney Disease • Nervous system disease • impaired sensation or pain in the feet or hands, slowed digestion of food in the stomach, carpal tunnel syndrome, and other nerve problems.

  18. Complications of Diabetes Blindness • Diabetes retinopathy - diabetes that weakens the blood vessels that supply nourishment to the retina. In its advanced stages, the disease can cause blurred or cloudy vision, floaters, blind spots, and eventually, blindness. This damage is irreversible.

  19. Complications of Diabetes (cont) • Amputations • Dental disease • Periodontal (gum) disease • Complications of pregnancy • Can cause excessively large babies • Major birth defects • Miscarriage • Sexual Dysfunction • Hard time performing function such as housework, climbing stairs, walking • More likely to die from influenza, or pneumonia

  20. Who is at Risk for Diabetes? • People with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) • People over age 45 • People with a family history of diabetes • People who are overweight • People who do not exercise regularly • People with low HDL cholesterol or high triglycerides, high blood pressure • Certain racial and ethnic groups (e.g., Non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, and American Indians and Alaska Natives) • Women who had gestational diabetes, or who have had a baby weighing 9 pounds or more at birth

  21. Obesity and Diabetes Lifetime diabetes risk of 18 year old man: Normal weight = 20% Overweight = 30% Obese = 57% Very obese = 70%

  22. Prevention Eat lots of vegetables and fruits. Eat non-starchy vegetables such as spinach, carrots, broccoli or green beans with meals. • Choose whole grain foods • Include dried beans (like kidney or pinto beans) and lentils into your meals. • Include fish in your meals 2-3 times a week. • Choose lean meats, Remove the skin from chicken and turkey. • Choose non-fat dairy such as skim milk, non-fat yogurt and non-fat cheese. • Drink water instead of regular soda, fruit punch, sweet tea and other sugar-sweetened drinks. • Choose liquid oils for cooking instead of solid fats that can be high in saturated and trans fats. • Cut back on high calorie snack foods and desserts like chips, cookies, cakes, and full-fat ice cream. • Watch your portion sizes. • Exercise

  23. Resources • http://diabetes.webmd.com/slideshow-type-2-diabetes-overview • What is Diabetes Video 4 mins • http://www.healthination.com/content/view/video_popup/244 • How Diabetes affects your blood sugar • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood-sugar/MM00641 • http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-myths/

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