ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

1. ES 202Fluid and Thermal Systems Applications of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

2. Fuel Cell • An electro-chemical device that continuously converts the chemical energy of a fuel • and oxidant to electrical energy or heat. • Advantages: quiet, low emission and highly efficient • Disadvantage: currently high cost Reference: http://www.fuelcells.org ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

3. Electronic Cooling • Fast and compact microprocessor chip has a high energy dissipation rate per unit volume. fins fans ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

4. Blood Flow Through the Human Heart Effect of cholesterol in blood flow: increase blood pressure Courtesy of HeartPoint ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

5. Aircraft Engine Gas turbine engine technology: highly efficient Courtesy of Pratt & Whitney ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

6. Components of a Gas Turbine Engine Nozzle Diffuser Inlet Turbine Combustor Compressor ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

7. Multiple Blade Set in Compressor/Turbine ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

8. Inside a Compressor/Turbine • Rotor blades add energy to the working fluid stream. • Stator blades direct the trajectory of the working fluid. • Multiple-stage design of compression/expansion is more efficient than single stage. stator blade rotor blade Blade design in turbomachinery using computational methods. Images taken from Aerospace Computing Laboratory, Stanford University ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

9. Future Quieter Airplane!! primary stream secondary (bypass) stream Sawtooth geometry (chevron) in engine exhaust nozzle to reduce engine noise. ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems

10. Aerodynamic Design Upper surface High-speed civil transport: Pressure coefficient at Mach 2.2: blue (low value), red (high value) Lower surface Images taken from Aerospace Computing Laboratory, Stanford University ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems