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Asia

Asia. The riches of the East. India. The British East India Company Started as a trading company in India for spices When Indian Princes refused to allow the company to trade the Company created an army and conquered the nations. “Jewel of the Crown”. British took over India

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Asia

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  1. Asia The riches of the East

  2. India • The British East India Company • Started as a trading company in India for spices • When Indian Princes refused to allow the company to trade the Company created an army and conquered the nations

  3. “Jewel of the Crown” • British took over India • Indians resisted, but were unsuccessful

  4. India: 18c-early 19c

  5. British East India Company Agents

  6. British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India Selling Patna Opium in China

  7. Sepoy Mutiny: 1857-58 • Indian soldiers refused to load their rifles and were imprisoned. Once freed they killed British officers and marched to Delhi to restore the Mughal emperor to the throne • Britain re-took control and established Queen Victoria as Empress of India

  8. Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal Emperor He was deposed by the British, and died in exile in Burma Queen Victoria in India

  9. A LifeofLeisure!

  10. Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s

  11. Simla: Little England in the mountains of India

  12. Victoria Station, Bombay

  13. Chartered Bank of Calcutta, 1915

  14. Indian National Congress(formed in 1885) Educated Indians, predominantly Hindu, demanded increasing equality & self-gov't Independce movements start in 1915 India became independent in 1946 (just after WWII)

  15. Indian National Congress

  16. Young Mohandas K. Gandhi, 1876 1869 - 1948

  17. Gandhi with the Londonvegetarian society, 1890

  18. Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. Africa

  19. Complete activity “British Imperialism in India”

  20. Imperialism in SE Asia • Complete Activity: 11.5

  21. China The “Middle (or inner) Kingdom”

  22. Center of the World • Self-sufficient • Healthy agriculture of rice and tea • Rich salt, iron, silver, and tin mines • Beautiful silks, cottons and porcelain

  23. Tea for Opium (drug) • Europeans wanted China’s Tea • China only wanted silver as payment • Europeans introduced Opium to pay for tea • Opium is illegal in Britain • By 1835, 12 million Chinese were addicts (population=approx. 400 million)

  24. Read “Letter to Queen Victoria”

  25. Opium War • Chinese ask Britain to stop importing Opium • British refuses and China declares war (1839) • China loses, Britain gains port of Hong Kong • Opium trade continues

  26. China’s Weakness (1850-1911) China’s leader: Empress Cixi -Led as part of the Manchu Qing Dynasty Wanted no reforms because it would weaken her power

  27. Read “Cixi” bio

  28. Empress Cixi Wanted no reforms because it would weaken her power Taiping Rebellion Converted Chinese Christians led rebellions against traditionalist Chinese government thought accepting Western religions was dangerous. Defeated the rebellion with help of Europeans

  29. After the Chinese get help from the Europeans… • China is carved up into Spheres of Influence • By Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, even Portugal

  30. Question… • Several internal forces make Africa vulnerable to colonization (a variety of cultures and languages with internal strife, low technology, and ethnic strife). What internal forces affected the Western cultures dominating China?

  31. Question… • Several internal forces make Africa vulnerable to colonization (a variety of cultures and languages with internal strife, low technology, and ethnic strife). What internal forced affected the Western cultures dominating China? • Lack of advanced military technology in China • Domestic issues • Weak central government • Difficulties caused by opium imports

  32. What might these “spheres” lead to?

  33. The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Peaceful Harmonious Fists. “55 Days at Peking.”

  34. “The Catholics…have conspired with foreigners, have caused China trouble, wasted our national revenue, broken up our monasteries, destroyed Buddhist images, and seized our people’s graveyards. Now…all the sprits have descended to teach our young men their magic boxing so they can extinguish the foreigners.”

  35. Boxer Rebellion (1900) “Death to the foreign devils” • Boxers attacked foreign section of Beijing • Took hostages • 20,000 foreign troops were sent to free hostages sent by: • UK, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, US • Foreign troops won easily

  36. Watch Boxer clip Read Boxer Rebellion from different perspectives

  37. Chinese “Republic”? • Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) • Leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) • Doesn’t last long • By 1916, Chinese Civil war

  38. Japanese Imperialism

  39. Complete Activity 12.2

  40. Japan Land of the Rising Sun

  41. From 1639 to 1854 • Controlled by the Shogun (military leader) • Closed to the outside world • Only port of Nagasaki was open to the Dutch • Shipwrecked sailors were beheaded • Anti-Western and Anti-Christian: no missionaries allowed in

  42. US Commodore Matthew Perry • 1853 US sends 4 warships to Edo (Tokyo) • 1854 US sends 10 warships (1,600 men) to receive Japan’s answer • European nations soon follow

  43. Meiji Era • Group of reform minded Samurai wanted to copy West • Shogun was unwilling to change • Reformers backed the young Emperor (15 yrs old) • Emperor wins and changes his name to Meiji

  44. Japan becomes an Imperial Power • 1868: Traditional government falls apart and the Meiji Era begins • Sends ½ of the government to learn from the Western world • See Manchester (England) and realize the importance of Industrialization • ½ stays in Japan • Invade Korea

  45. A new constitution is formed • Japanese officials that were in the West learned about constitutions • Took ideas from the Prussian Constitution • Why was this not successful? • Meiji Constitution • Emperor at the top • Military answers only to the emperor (and in future will help rule) • In the 1920-30’s Great Depression and Government Corruption lead to the military appointing a “Prime Minister” to rule with Emperor

  46. “Enlightened Rule” reforms • Copies western nations • Universal education (US) • strong central government (Germany) • Army (France then Germany’s) • Navy (Britain’s)

  47. Modernization • Industrialization • 1872 Japan builds first railroad • Thousands of factories • Export tea and silk to import machinery • Armed Forces • 1890 Japan had 500,000 soldiers • Trained in western tactics with modern weapons

  48. Old Flag to New Flag

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