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Chapter 15 Anti-parkinsonism and anti-dementia drugs 抗帕金森病和老年性痴呆药

Chapter 15 Anti-parkinsonism and anti-dementia drugs 抗帕金森病和老年性痴呆药. Anti-Pakinsonism drugs. Muhammad Ali is known around the world as one of the great sports stars of the twentieth century. He needed great energy and power to become the world boxing champion.

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Chapter 15 Anti-parkinsonism and anti-dementia drugs 抗帕金森病和老年性痴呆药

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  1. Chapter 15 Anti-parkinsonism and anti-dementia drugs 抗帕金森病和老年性痴呆药

  2. Anti-Pakinsonism drugs

  3. Muhammad Ali is known around the world as one of the great sports stars of the twentieth century.He needed great energy and power to become the world boxing champion. As he grew older, though, he began to change.The energy and power began to disappear.His face lost its expressiveness.His legs lost their speed. Muhammad Ali is sixty-four now and long retired from boxing.Yet it was not age that changed him so much.It was Parkinson's disease.

  4. Muhammad Ali and another celebrity with Parkinson's disease, actor Michael J. Fox, before the start of a Senate hearing on the disorder in 2002

  5. 教皇保罗二世 希特勒 阿拉法特 邓小平 陈景润

  6. What is Parkinson’s disease? A progressive nervous disease occurring most often after the age of 50, associated with the destruction of brain cells that produce dopamine, and characterized by muscular tremor, slowing of movement, partial facial paralysis, peculiarity of gait and posture, and weakness. one of the “neurodegenerative diseases” 神经退行性疾病

  7. 特征性症状 • rigidity肌肉僵硬 • bradykinesia运动徐缓 • resting tremor静止性震颤 • abnormal postural reflexes异常体位反射(姿态不稳)

  8. development in the past ten years about PD symptoms deficits in the sense of smell; fatigue; disturbances of the autonomic nervous system which controls blood pressure, urinary bladder, bowel and sexual function; sleep disorders; a variety of behavioral features including anxiety and depression; and finally neuropsychological abnormalities including dementia.

  9. 中国PD流行病学资料: 1986 0.047 % 2000 1.14 % (上海统计资料) 2006 2.0 % (全国统计资料) 全国病人数 170 万

  10. 发病率: 中国: 130人/10万人 美国:187人/10万人 西北欧:185人/10万人 Mayo Clinic: lifetime risk of developing Parkinson's disease, 2 % for men and 1.3 % for women

  11. 4000年前有记载 1817,英国医师James Parkinson首次报道 1953,确定病变部位在黑质 1960,AustriaHornykeiwicz发现与黑质纹状体中DA含量显著降低有关 80%neurons loss in substantia nigra 利舍平(reserpine)耗竭DA,致PD症状 动物损毁DA通路,显相似症状 1961,用L-dopa治疗取得良好的效果

  12. 1997年确定4月11日 World Parkinson’s Disease Day 世界帕金森病日 纪念James Parkinson生日

  13. Causes: why only those neurons die? 1, Primary(原发性), unknown 2, secondary, chemicals: Mn2++, CO, brain injury, chemicals(除草剂、杀虫剂)…

  14. 1976 美国一名大学生自己合成MPPP(非法毒品)享用,因制备错误,得到MPTP。 3天后,PD样症状。家人误以为得精神分裂症。医生诊断后给抗帕金森病药物 2年后自杀,尸检发现黑质损伤。

  15. 1982美国加州年轻人中发生帕金森病的爆发小流行1982美国加州年轻人中发生帕金森病的爆发小流行 神经内科医生了解: 都使用过一名药剂师合成的注射用毒品MPPP 制备毒品反应条件意外有误 含有大量的MPTP(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) MPTP(甲苯四氢吡啶)造模给猴子注射,亦得病

  16. MPTP: 1947 synthesized for anti-Parkinsonism primates:rigid, unable to move, dies 6 persons: PD-like, 2 died.

  17. animal models lesion of substantia nigra MPTP model rotenone(鱼藤酮)model …

  18. ACh 纹状体 DA GABA 黑质 抗M胆碱 补充前体 促释放 抑制降解 受体激动剂

  19. 治疗PD的药物 • 提高多巴胺能神经功能 • 补充DA前体 左旋多巴 (levodopa) • 促DA释放 金刚烷胺 (amantadine) • 抑制DA降解 脱羧酶 卡比多巴 (carbidopa); 苄丝肼 (benserazide) MAO-B 司来吉林 (selegiline) COMT inhibitors 硝替卡朋 (Nitecapone) • DA受体激动剂 溴隐亭 (bromocriptine) 培高利(pergolide) • 降低中枢胆碱能功能苯海索(tribexyphenidyl)

  20. 左旋多巴(Levo-dopa) pharmacokinetics

  21. COOH H L-Tyrosine C C NH 2 HO H H TH COOH H L-Dopa HO C C NH 2 HO H H AADC H Dopamine H H CH O 2 COOH C HO C C NH 2 MAOB COMT HO H HO H H HVA DH HO H HO NE C C NH 2 HO H H MAO COMT HO H MHPG CH O 2 C C OH HO H H

  22. 肝代谢 脱羧成多巴胺 • DA难通过BBB,进中枢1% • 同时用多巴脱羧酶抑制剂,减少外周DA生成 • L-dopa + 卡比多巴  复方卡比多巴(信尼麦) • L-dopa + 苄丝肼 多巴丝肼(美多巴) • 2-4年后逐渐失去作用

  23. Side effects: 1, cardiovascular system: orthostatic(体位性)hypertension 2, nervous system: symptoms occurred after short term use symptoms occurred after long term (>1 year) use

  24. 金刚烷胺(amantadine)

  25. amantadine(金刚烷胺) facilitation of DA release inhibition of DA reuptake direct DA receptor agonistic property weak acetylcholine antagonistic action used for mild PD effective only for 1-2 years

  26. bromocriptine(溴隐亭) central D2 agonist inhibition of prolactin(催乳素)and growth hormone secretion

  27. 垂体前叶分泌的激素 生长激素 促甲状腺素 促肾上腺皮质激素 促性腺激素 催乳素 黑色细胞刺激素

  28. bromocriptine used for • PD as an adjunctive • prolactinemia(高催乳素血症) • acromegaly(肢端肥大症) • delactation(回乳)

  29. 苯海索 trihexyphenidyl

  30. trihexyphenidyl selective central cholinergic antagonist used for mild PD intolerable to levo-dopa no response to levo-dopa

  31. Anti-dementia drugs 治疗老年性痴呆药物 Dementia

  32. 1994年11月5日,美国前总统里根向公众宣布: “我最近被告知我是美国将患阿尔茨海默病的人中的一员。目前,我感觉良好。我打算在上帝赐予我的有生之年,一如既往地做我的事情。我还将和我的爱妻南希及全家一起在生命的旅途上行进。我打算多享受些野外生活的乐趣并与我的朋友和支持者们保持联系。”

  33. 二年后 不认识熟人 • 六年后 不认识妻子;不知自己曾为总统 • 说话、做事困难 • 十年后2004,died

  34. 这是一种什么病? 为什么美国总统也治不好? 我们有多大机率得这种疾病? 病因、发病机制? 有什么预防、治疗的办法?

  35. What is the disease? 1906年 德国巴伐利亚精神科医生 Alois Alzheimer描述了一名50多岁女性 病人的临床病理学综合征,由此得名。

  36. Senile plaque - Silverstaining

  37. DR. ALOIS ALZHEIMER (1864-1915)

  38. 9月21日 世界老年痴呆日 2005主题:行动改变未来 2006主题:阿尔茨海默病100周年——关注痴呆,刻不容缓! 全世界约有痴呆患者2400万 2040年, 约8000万

  39. 我们有多大机会得病? >60岁 3% >70岁 4.5~6% >85岁 >20% 中国600万人 确诊后平均寿命5~15年 每年治疗及护理费用:2万元

  40. 痴呆原因: 变性疾病:阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、老年性舞蹈病、肝豆状核变性 血管性疾病:多梗塞性痴呆、皮质下白质脑病 损伤:拳击家痴呆、脑外伤后、脑缺氧后、蛛网膜下腔出血、一氧化碳中毒    感染:脑炎、脑膜炎后、克-雅病、艾滋病

  41. 中毒:酒精依赖性痴呆 肿瘤:脑瘤、慢性硬膜下血肿 代谢性疾病:维生素B12、叶酸缺乏、甲状腺功能低下 其他:正常颅压脑积水、癫痫、多种全身性疾病等

  42. 60多种痴呆中: 50%阿尔茨海默病(研究原型) 30% 血管性痴呆 20% 其他类型的痴呆

  43. 阿尔茨海默病成为研究重点 1~2年隐性发病 95%散发性(sporadic) <5%家族性(familial)

  44. 主要症状 进行性记忆损害 认知功能障碍 行为改变:妄想、偏执、社会恰当性丧失 进行性语言功能降低

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