PAUL THE APOSTLE

1. PAUL THE APOSTLE BY CARINA JENNIFER CARANTES A research paper submitted to DR. Robert StacY In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For The course NBST 520 Liberty baptist Theological seminary By CARINA JENNIFER CARANTES ORLANDO, FLORIDA March 3, 2016 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 PAUL THE APOSTLE------------------------------------------------------------------------4 PAUL’S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY-----------------------------------------------8 PAUL’S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY ----------------------------------------------9 PAUL’S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY ----------------------------------------------10 CONCLUSION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 BIBLIOGRAPHY------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 RESEARCH STUDY TITLE:Paul as an ApostleRESEARCH STUDY THESIS STATEMENT: Paul an Apostle in Christ was  chosen to be saved through a Christophany experience having been predestined according to the plan of Jesus in conformity with the purpose of His will. Paul's kerygma was n the order that the people he preached to put their faith in Christ narrated by Luke in the Book of Acts.RESEARCH STUDY METHODOLOGY: The research methodology utilized in this research is qualitative. This method will require a research plan that will be descriptive for qualitative inquiry of data gathering on the Lukan authorship of the Book of Acts and Paul as an Apostle. There will be five major qualitative inquiry approaches. The procedure for the analysis of qualitative data will be identified in this qualitative research prospectus.OUTLINE:I. INTRODUCTION: Paul was accompanied by Luke during his missionary journeys as his friend. The Apostle Paul lived a life of adventure preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ. Paul was imprisoned wrongfully and his enemies accused him wrongfully of being against the Jews. Those who opposed Paul were the slanderers in reality. Luke spent most of the time traveling with Paul for about two years. There were documents that Luke, while writing the Book of Acts who was an early Church historian was a student of medicine. Paul may have been awaiting trial in Rome in the sixties A.D. when Luke wrote the Book of Acts. In the writing of the Book of Acts, Luke was writing from the third person as a third person account writing to Theophilus.  It would seem logical that Luke becomes the best choice for the author of the book. Since the author of Acts is also the author of the third gospel, it is suggested Luke authored both writings. There was also evidence from the historical Christian leadership at the time of Tertullian and Iraneus who accepted Lucan authorship. The Muratorian Canon also accepts Luke as the author of the Book of Acts.     Both Acts and Luke dedicated the books to Theophilus and both are presumed to have links to each other. Both were written in excellent Greek and have the same style of writing therefore proves Lucan authorship.  Like the Book of Luke, Luke addressed the first audience of the Book of Acts in the person of Theophilus. "1 The former account I made, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both to do and teach." (Luke 1:1, NIV). “3 it seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write to you an orderly account, most excellent Theophilus, 4 that you may know the certainty of those things in which you were instructed." (Acts 2:3-4, NIV). In Greek, Theophilus means a “friend of God" and is the person to whom Luke's gospel Aand the book of Acts. Luke may have travelled to Rome with Paul and was dedicating his writings to Theophilus. Luke, the author of Acts 2 emphasizes the presence of Mary in the Upper Room; Mary the mother of Jesus who was highly favored among women. The work of the Holy Spirit in Mary's life is also seen as narrated by Luke when the angel of the Lord appeared unto Mary and said:  "And the angel answered and said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Highest will overshadow you; therefore, also, that Holy One who is to be born will be called the Son of God.” (Luke 1:35, NIV). II. PAUL AS THE APOSTLE Paul was the new expository teacher who established churches that gave him the mantle of an apostle. (cf. Acts 9:1-30; Acts 11:25-30). In Acts 9: 27 "But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles. He told them how Saul on his journey had seen the Lord and that the Lord had spoken to him, and how in Damascus he had preached fearlessly in the name of Jesus."  Paul was well educated in Greek philosophy, Roman law, and Jewish law. Paul's family were both Jews and Roman citizens hence Paul's epistles were written in Greek. Paul's kerygma is a direct revelation of the gospel of Jesus Christ  to the Gentiles (non-Jews) after he experienced the Christophany.  ". . . this would seem to suggest that at a service of divine worship one of the prophets was moved by the Spirit to propose the mission of Paul and Barnabas." It was from the unction of the Holy Spirit that Paul and Barnabas were led to fast and seek guidance from the Holy Spirit. “Paul would be free to evangelize the Gentiles without imposing circumcision upon them. The Gentiles, however, should observe that part of the law placed upon them by Leviticus 17-18: abstain from food offered to idols, unchastely, eating the meat of animals strangled, or drinking blood.”  Verse 27: "But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles." Barnabas was from the church at Antioch where he stands first on the list of one of the teachers and prophets. (13:1) Luke writes that Barnabas was a good man (11:24). Barnabas was from the tribe of Levi born of Jewish parents. Barnabas was wealthy and had possession of land which he sold to the church in Jerusalem. He had a commanding, dignified and distinguished appearance (Acts 14:11-12).  Most of the apostles were afraid of Paul but Barnabas took him and told the apostles that Paul preached the gospel with boldness in Damascus when Paul returned to Jerusalem after his conversion (9:27). They may have been students together in the school of Gamaliel. Gamaliel counseled with caution when the apostles were brought to the Jerusalem council. He maintained moderation and advised that if their work was of God then they would be "found fighting against God" (Acts 5:34-40). According to Blevins, “The Jerusalem conference . . . was designed to place the seal of apostolic approval on the gentile mission of Paul.”  Paul's Roman and Jewish citizenship was to his advantage because he utilized his status to advance his ministry by planting and establishing several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. Paul's planting and founding of churches established him as an apostle. Dunn interacts with the Book of Romans on the apologetic inquisition on the life, work and ministry of the Apostle Paul as an apostle. Post-Pauline letters such as the Pastoral Letters and Ephesians were not included in this book however Dunn investigates the nine letters that supports the mantle of Apostleship of Paul that can be relevant to this study. Dunn alludes to the propitiation and atonement kerygma of Paul. It is clear that it is Jesus's gospel that Paul was preaching to the Gentiles since the atonement is Christ's sacrifice once and for all found in the substitution in Paul (2 Cor 5:21; Gal 3:13). "... fresh attempt at a full restatement of Paul's theology is made all the more necessary in the light of what is now usually referred to as “the new perspective on Paul. ..." The Apostle Paul was to preach to the Jews first then to Judea, Samaria and to the uttermost ends of the world which was the strategy of the apostolic band of the ministry of Paul. In Romans 1:16 His apostolic mission was bring the light of the gospel mandate to the Jews and the Gentiles. The kerygma was to be preached to the Jews because they have obtained "the sonship, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the worship, and the promises. To them belonged the patriarchs, and of their race, according to the flesh, is the Christ. Romans 9:45." Paul's missionary mandate was to preach in the messianic synagogues wherever he found the Jews responsive, "to the Jew first." Another characteristic of Paul's ministry was that of Church and Mission. Paul was called to teach the Gentiles in faith and in truth.  Luke portrayed Ananias as the disciple (Ananias) at Damascus whom Jesus commanded to anoint Paul. Ananias' response to Jesus' command in Acts 9:13? "Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much harm he has done to Your saints in Jerusalem.  Jesus told the disciple (Ananias) at in Acts 9:15 that Paul is a chosen vessel to bear His name before Gentiles, kings, and the children of Israel. Ananias laid hands on Saul and said, "Brother Saul, the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you came, has sent me that you may receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit." An apologetic of Paul's apostleship is based on the appearance of the Risen Christ when Saul heard the sound of someone's voice and saw some kind of light, but they didn't understand the full significance of this encounter. (Acts 9:7) This was confirmed by Ananias who was told by God that Saul had been chosen and ordained by God to preach the message of Christ before the Gentiles and their kings and before the people of Israel in the name of Jesus.  In Acts 9:15-16 Barnabas testified for the real conversion of Saul. The apostles were convinced and received Paul into their fellowship signifying the apostleship of Paul. (Acts 9:27)  "Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved" (Acts 4:12). III. PAUL FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY Paul's first missionary journey started in Cilicia Paul went up to Jerusalem to be acquainted with Peter and stated there for fifteen days. Paul stated that he did not see any of the other Apostles only James, the Lord's brother. He said that what he was writing them was not a lie and told them of his testimony that the man who used to persecute them is now preaching the gospel. In Acts chapters 13 and 14, Luke portrays Paul’s first missionary journey from March AD 48 to September AD 49, Paul went on his mission from Antioch in Syria, Seleucia, Salamis on Cyprus, Paphos on Cyprus, Perga in Asia Minor, Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra, Derbe, and back to Lystra, Iconium, Antioch of Pisidia, and Antioch in Syria. Paul's missionary journey can be surmised fourteen years after his conversion circumventing around the times when he wrote Galatians 2 and 2 Corinthians 12. According to Merrill F. Unger, Paul's missionary journey would have started during the navigation season “since their destination was the 130-mile trip southwest to Salamis on the east coast of the island. Had they set out later the westerly winds which blow throughout spring and summer would have compelled them to resort to a circuitous course skirting the Cilician coast and then, with the aid of land breezes and ocean currents, to head south to the north coast of the island.” John Mark, Paul and Barnabas traveled by sea from Seleucia to Cyprus which was Barnabas' hometown. Paul's first missionary journey can be summarized in the following:Antioch of Syria : Acts 13:1 The Holy Spirit called Barnabus and Saul into missionary service and they were blessed and sent away by the churchSeleucia : Acts 13:4 Boarded a ship from Seleucia to Cyprus. Salamis (Cyprus) : Acts 13:5 Proclaimed the Word in synagogues with John's helpPaphos (Cyprus) : Acts 13:6 Encounter with  Bar-Jesus and Sergius PaulusPerga (Pamphylia) : Acts 13:13 John decided to leave the missionary teamAntioch of Pisidia : Acts 13:14 Paul Preached famous synagogue sermon but was rejectedIconium : Acts 13:51 There was rejection due to racial tension.Lystra (Lycaonia) : Acts 14:6 Paul healed a lame man. Sacrifice to Barnabas and Paul.  Preached. Stoned. Derbe (Lycaonoia) : Acts 14:20 Preached gospel and made many converts who became disciples.Lystra : Acts 14:21 Returned to edify the churchIconium : Acts 14:21 Returned to edify the churchAntioch of Pisidia : Acts 14:21 Returned to edify the churchPerga : Acts 14:25 Returned to strengthen the churchAttalia : Acts 14:25 Boarded ship for AntiochAntioch of Syria : Acts 14:26 Reported on journeyIV. PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY "Paul now chose Silas, one of the messengers at the Church in Jerusalem to the church at Antioch, as his fellow- worker. Silas was a prophet and one of the chief men in the church at Jerusalem." Paul Key personAsia (Minor) was Paul's Main area of new ministryGalatia Edified  existing churchesEphesus Paul was in Ephesus three years building a very strong church and left after a dissension in Ephesus about his work for ChristMacedonia and Greece Strengthened existing churchesTroas Paul healed a young man who fell from a high window.Caesarea  Paul's arrest was predicted by a prophet.Jerusalem Paul arrested by the Romans at a temple riot about him.Massomer's reviews connect the study paper with the ancient churches and the leading apostles in the New Testament in the person of Peter and Paul. "Peter was the traditionalist, preferring that those who would worship Christ as Israel's messiah first become Jews, a part of the chosen people. Paul was the innovator, who recognized that the Lord had called the Gentiles and given them the Holy Spirit without the Jewish law, and regarded Christianity as the fulfillment of God's promise that he would bless all people through the faith of Abraham. Accordingly, Peter is remembered as the great apostle to the Jews and Paul as the apostle to the Gentiles. Between the two of them they epitomized the whole of the Christian mission." V. PAUL'S THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY The lives and the choosing of  Paul as apostles are discussed in this composition while describing the differences in their theological views. But for the good of the Church, they bore witness to the central focus of the Church: Jesus Christ.Ephesus - (3 yrs) Paul was the key person in the last part of his missionary journey. He encountered:• occult objects were burnt• the defenders of Diana rioted.• Paul writes 1 Corinthians.• disciples of John the Baptist.• The sons of Sceva failed exorcism attempts Philippi - (1 yr) Paul traveled throughout Macedonia and writes 2 Corinthians.Corinth - (3 months) Romans was written by PaulTroas Paul preaches all night, Eutchus falls asleep, falls down to his death, and is raised up back to life by Paul.Miletus a tearful farewell to the Ephesians elders was preached by Paul.Tyre Paul gets warning about danger in Jerusalem.Caesarea   Paul visits Philip. Agabus warns Paul of danger in Jerusalem.  CONCLUSION: There were leadership qualities that were identified with the Apostle Paul such as Good organizational skills, emotional intelligence, Leadership, Values, Integrity, Character, Accountability, Motives, Analysis, etc. based on the first letter to the Thessalonians. The mantle of apostolic authority of Paul is significant to the effectiveness of his missionary journeys.  Byrne is a Reformed theologian that composed an expository on the life of Paul with regard to his apostolic mantle in the Letters, Personal relationships, Christianity, Saints, Judaism. Byrne says of Paul: "Paul is not, then, indifferent to the fate of his Jewish brothers and sisters. But Paul understands himself to be at the service of a mission to the nations, beginning from Jerusalem, continuing in Asia Minor and Greece, and ranging, in ambit at least, as far as Spain (Rom 15:19, 23-24). At the service of this mission his preaching of the Gospel amounts to a 'calling out' from the nations those destined to be members of the renewed People of God. "In this article, we identify 10 leadership qualities of the Apostle Paul based on Paul's first letter to the Thessalonians. These qualities represent the motives and methods necessary for legacy leadership. We present logic for a causal model of spiritual leadership that represents evidence of legacy leadership in terms of the changed lives of followers. The legacy of the leader's influence is perpetuated through the followers' incorporation of legacy principles into their lives as they become leaders."  "The truth of the Trinity guarantees that the whole Godhead is there within us. They are ready to fellowship with us and to work out their will in lives that are yielded to their leading and power." BIBLIOGRAPHY:Bailey, John W.  Paul's Second Missionary Journey, The Biblical WorldVol. 33, No. 6 June, 1909.Blevins, James L. Acts 13-19: The tale of Three Cities, Review & Expositor 87, no. 3 Summer 1990.Byrne, Brendan. Paul the Apostle, Compass, 2008. Campbell, Thomas H. Paul's Missionary Journeys as Reflected in His Letters, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 74, No. 2. Jun., 1955.Dunn, James D. G.  The Theology of Paul the Apostle, Grand Rapids/Cambridge: Eerdmans, 1999 Feinberg, John S. No One Like Him. Crosswalk Book, 1901.Mammoser, Thomas. Peter and Paul, Apostles June 29, 2008.Murray, George W.  Paul's Corporate Evangelism in the Book of Acts, Bibliotheca Sacra 155:618 April-June 1998. Unger, Merrill F.  Archaeology and Paul's Tour of Cyprus, Bibliotheca sacra 117, July 1960). Whittington, J. Lee; Pitts, Tricia M; Kageler, Woody V; Goodwin, Vicki L. Legacy leadership: The leadership wisdom of the Apostle Paul, 2005.Winter, Ralph D., and Steven Hawthorne. Perspectives on World Christian Movement: A Reader. 4th ed. Waynesboro: William Carrey Press, 2009. Murray, George W. Paul's Corporate Evangelism in the Book of Acts. Bibliotheca Sacra 155:618 April-June 1998, p.p. 189-200. James L. Blevins, Acts 13-19: The tale of Three Cities. Review & Expositor 87, no. 3 Summer 1990, p. 443. Blevins, James L. Acts 13-19. The tale of Three Cities, Review & Expositor 87, no. 3. Summer 1990. Dunn, James D. G.  The Theology of Paul the Apostle. Grand Rapids/Cambridge: Eerdmans, 1999. Winter, Ralph D., and Steven Hawthorne. Perspectives on World Christian Movement: A Reader. 4th ed. Waynesboro: William Carrey Press, 2009. Campbell, Thomas H. Paul's Missionary Journeys as Reflected in His Letters, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 74, No. 2. Jun., 1955. Unger, Merrill F.  Archaeology and Paul's Tour of Cyprus, Bibliotheca sacra 117, July 1960). Bailey, John W.  Paul's Second Missionary Journey, The Biblical World Vol. 33, No. 6 June, 1909. Mammoser, Thomas. Peter and Paul, Apostles June 29, 2008. Byrne, Brendan. Paul the Apostle, Compass, 2008. Whittington, J. Lee; Pitts, Tricia M; Kageler, Woody V; Goodwin, Vicki L. Legacy leadership: The leadership wisdom of the Apostle Paul, 2005. Feinberg, John S. No One Like Him. Crosswalk Book, 1901.

2. STUDY LESSON ONE • RESEARCH STUDY THESIS STATEMENT: Paul an Apostle in Christ was  chosen to be saved through a Christophany experience having been predestined according to the plan of Jesus in conformity with the purpose of His will. Paul's kerygma was n the order that the people he preached to put their faith in Christ narrated by Luke in the Book of Acts.

3. PowerPlugs: Templates STUDY LESSON ONE • INTRODUCTION: Paul was accompanied by Luke during his missionary journeys as his friend. The Apostle Paul lived a life of adventure preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ. Paul was imprisoned wrongfully and his enemies accused him wrongfully of being against the Jews. Those who opposed Paul were the slanderers in reality. Luke spent most of the time traveling with Paul for about two years.

4. STUDY LESSON ONE • Paul lived a life of adventure preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ. • Paul was imprisoned wrongfully and his enemies accused him wrongfully of being against the Jews. • Those who opposed Paul were the slanderers in reality. Luke spent most of the time traveling with Paul for about two years.

5. There were documents that Luke, while writing the Book of Acts who was an early Church historian was a student of medicine. • Paul may have been awaiting trial in Rome in the sixties A.D. when Luke wrote the Book of Acts. • In the writing of the Book of Acts, Luke was writing from the third person as a third person account writing to Theophilus.

6. PAUL AS THE APOSTLE • Paul was the new expository teacher who established churches that gave him the mantle of an apostle. (cf. Acts 9:1-30; Acts 11:25-30). In Acts 9: 27 "But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles. He told them how Saul on his journey had seen the Lord and that the Lord had spoken to him, and how in Damascus he had preached fearlessly in the name of Jesus." 

7. Paul was well educated in Greek philosophy, Roman law, and Jewish law. Paul's family were both Jews and Roman citizens hence Paul's epistles were written in Greek. Paul's kerygma is a direct revelation of the gospel of Jesus Christ  to the Gentiles (non-Jews) after he experienced the Christophany.  ". . . this would seem to suggest that at a service of divine worship one of the prophets was moved by the Spirit to propose the mission of Paul and Barnabas.

8.  Verse 27: "But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles." Barnabas was from the church at Antioch where he stands first on the list of one of the teachers and prophets. (13:1) Luke writes that Barnabas was a good man (11:24). Barnabas was from the tribe of Levi born of Jewish parents. Barnabas was wealthy and had possession of land which he sold to the church in Jerusalem.

9. He had a commanding, dignified and distinguished appearance (Acts 14:11-12).  • Most of the apostles were afraid of Paul but Barnabas took him and told the apostles that Paul preached the gospel with boldness in Damascus when Paul returned to Jerusalem after his conversion (9:27).

10. They may have been students together in the school of Gamaliel. Gamaliel counseled with caution when the apostles were brought to the Jerusalem council. • He maintained moderation and advised that if their work was of God then they would be "found fighting against God" (Acts 5:34-40).

11. Paul's Roman and Jewish citizenship was to his advantage because he utilized his status to advance his ministry by planting and establishing several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. Paul's planting and founding of churches established him as an apostle. • Dunn interacts with the Book of Romans on the apologetic inquisition on the life, work and ministry of the Apostle Paul as an apostle.

12. Post-Pauline letters such as the Pastoral Letters and Ephesians were not included in this book however Dunn investigates the nine letters that supports the mantle of Apostleship of Dunn alludes to the propitiation and atonement kerygma of Paul. • It is clear that it is Jesus's gospel that Paul was preaching to the Gentiles since the atonement is Christ's sacrifice once and for all found in the substitution in Paul (2 Cor 5:21; Gal 3:13).

13. fresh attempt at a full restatement of Paul's theology is made all the more necessary in the light of what is now usually referred to as “the new perspective on Paul. ..." • The Apostle Paul was to preach to the Jews first then to Judea, Samaria and to the uttermost ends of the world which was the strategy of the apostolic band of the ministry of Paul.

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