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CS1123

CS1123. Computer Programming Spring 2012 Instructor Ghufran Ahmed. Schedule. Description. This first level programming course shall cover the principles and practice of problem solving using C++.

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CS1123

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  1. CS1123 Computer Programming Spring 2012 Instructor Ghufran Ahmed

  2. Schedule

  3. Description This first level programming course shall cover the principles and practice of problem solving using C++. Students shall be introduced to the basic C++ techniques such as program control statements, pointers, functions, structures etc. The students shall gain hands-on experience through several programming assignments.

  4. Text Books • Primary • Herbert Schildt, ‘C++ from the Ground Up’, 2nd Edition, 1998, Osborne McGraw-Hill. • Turbo C Programming by Robert Lafore • References • Deital & Deital, ‘C++ How to Program’, 3rd Edition, 2001, Prentice Hall. • Herbert Schildt, ‘C++: The Complete Reference’, 3rd Edition, 1998, Osborne McGraw-Hill. Some handouts may be given to supplement the text

  5. Lectures There shall be 30 sessionso       30 sessions of 80 minutes eacho       labs conducted by lab instructor Grading o          10% Quizzes (quizzes may be based on assignments)o          15% Programming Assignments. o          10% Programming Project. o          5% Class Participation.o          20% Midterm Examo          40% Final Exam

  6. Topics

  7. Topics …

  8. Topics …

  9. Scholastic Ethics · Students are expected to maintain high standards of academic honesty. The Disciplinary Committee will deal with breaches in scholastic ethics such as cheating. ·    Plagiarism will be suspected if an assignment that calls for independent development and implementation of a program results in two or more solutions so similar that one solution can be converted to the other(s) by a series of simple commands ·    Cheating will be suspected if a student who completed an assignment independently cannot explain both the intricacies of the solution and the techniques used to generate that solution

  10. Examples of Cheating • Turning in someone else's work, in whole or in part, as your own (with or without his/her knowledge) • Turning in a completely duplicated assignment is a flagrant offense • Allowing another student to turn in your work as his/her own • Several people writing one assignment and turning in multiple copies, all represented (implicitly or explicitly) as individual work

  11. Examples of Not Cheating • Turning in work done alone or with the help of the course's TAs. • Submitting one assignment for a group of students if group work is explicitly permitted (or required) • Getting or giving help about using the computers • Getting or giving help about solving minor syntax errorsPenalties for cheating can be an 'F' in the course or worse.

  12. What is a Computer? • Computer • A device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions • Computer programs • Sets of instructions that control a computer’s processing of data • Hardware • Various devices comprising a computer • Examples: keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, and processing units • Software • Programs that run a computer

  13. Computer Organization • Six logical units in every computer: • Input unit • Obtains information from input devices (keyboard, mouse) • Output unit • Outputs information (to screen, to printer, to control other devices) • Memory unit • Rapid access, low capacity, stores input information • Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) • Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions • Central processing unit (CPU) • Supervises and coordinates the other sections of the computer • Secondary storage unit • Cheap, long-term, high-capacity storage, stores inactive programs

  14. A Bit of History • Which was the first programmable computer? • Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine (early 1800’s) • First programmer? • Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace; Charles’s colleague and daughter of Lord Byron

  15. “The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to originate anything. It can do whatever we know how to order it to perform. It can follow analysis; but it has no power of anticipating any analytical relations or truths. Its province is to assist us in making available what we are already acquainted with.”-Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace

  16. Evolution of Operating Systems • Batch processing • Do only one job or task at a time • Operating systems • Manage transitions between jobs • Increased throughput • Amount of work computers process • Multiprogramming • Many jobs or tasks sharing a computer’s resources • Timesharing • Perform a small portion of one user’s job then move on to service the next user

  17. Personal ComputingDistributed ComputingClient/Server Computing • Personal computers • Economical enough for individual • Distributed computing • Organizations computing is distributed over networks • Client/server computing • Sharing of information, across computer networks, between file servers and clients (personal computers)

  18. Types of Programming Languages • Machine languages • Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions • Example: +1300042774+1400593419+1200274027 • Assembly languages • English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations (translated via assemblers) • Example: LOAD BASEPAYADD OVERPAYSTORE GROSSPAY • High-level languages • Similar to everyday English, use mathematical notations (translated via compilers) • Example: grossPay = basePay + overTimePay

  19. Some High-Level Languages • Java used to • Create web pages with dynamic and interactive content • Develop large-scale enterprise applications • Enhance the functionality of web servers • Provide applications for consumer devices (such as cell phones, pagers and personal digital assistants) • FORTRAN • Used in scientific and engineering applications • COBOL • Used to manipulate large amounts of data • Pascal • Used to teach structured programming • C/C++ • Middle-level language • Provides facilities for both high level as well as low level programming

  20. History of C and C++ • C++ evolved from C • C evolved from two other programming languages, BCPL and B • ANSI C • Established worldwide standards for C programming • C invented by Dennis Ritchie of AT&T Bell Labs in the 1970s • C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup of the same labs in the early 1980s • C++ “spruces up” C • Provides capabilities for object-oriented programming • Objects are reusable software components that model things in the real world • Object-oriented programs are easy to understand, correct and modify • C is a subset of C++

  21. Structured Programming • Structured programming • Disciplined approach to writing programs • Clear, easy to test and debug, and easy to modify • Multitasking • Many activities to run in parallel

  22. Program is created in the editor and stored on disk. Preprocessor program processes the code. Compiler creates object code and stores it on disk. Compiler Linker links the object code with the libraries, creates a.out and stores it on disk Primary Memory Loader Loader puts program in memory. Primary Memory CPU takes each instruction and executes it, possibly storing new data values as the program executes. Preprocessor Linker Editor Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . Basics of a Typical C++ Environment • Phases of C++ Programs: • Edit • Preprocess • Compile • Link • Load • Execute Files: *.cpp, *.c, *.h *.obj, *.exe

  23. Errors • Syntax errors • reported by the compiler • Linker errors • reported by the linker • Execution/Run-time errors • reported by the operating system • Logic errors • not reported

  24. Introduction to C++ Programming • C++ language • Facilitates a structured and disciplined approach to computer program design • C and C++ are portable languages • Programs written in C and C++ can run on many different computers

  25. Identifiers in C++ • A name assigned to: • A constant • Variable • Function • User defined data type

  26. Identifiers in C++ … • Rules • Can be from one to several characters long • First 1024 characters are significant • May consist of alphanumeric and underscore characters • May start with any letter of alphabet, or with an underscore • Are case sensitive • No special characters are allowed • Spaces are not allowed as part of the identifier name • Keywords cannot be used as identifiers • Any other reserved words by the language (such as names of library functions) shall not be used as identifiers

  27. Identifiers in C++ … • Conventions • Use identifier names that reflect the meaning or usage of the items being named • THISISACONSTANT or THIS_IS_A_CONSTANT • thisisavariable or this_is_a_variable • thisIsAFunction • ThisIsAUserDefinedDataType

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