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オーストラリア研究 ( 英語 )

オーストラリア研究 ( 英語 ). Chris Burgess (1 号館 1308 研究室、内線 164) cburgess@tsuda.ac.jp ・ http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess. Australia Ends 2018 and starts 2019 with a Record-Breaking Heat Wave.

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オーストラリア研究 ( 英語 )

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  1. オーストラリア研究(英語) Chris Burgess (1号館1308研究室、内線164) cburgess@tsuda.ac.jp・http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess

  2. Australia Ends 2018 and starts 2019 with a Record-Breaking Heat Wave • Sydney experienced its hottest day in 80 years when temperatures hit 47.8C. A previous study has warned Australia's biggest cities could face 50C temperatures by 2040 • Australians have one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world with approximately 2/3 likely to be diagnosed with the disease by the time they are 70

  3. 日本IWC脱退表明に　豪政府「極めて失望」 • 政府は、26日、IWC(国際捕鯨委員会)から脱退し、2019年7月から、30年ぶりに商業捕鯨を再開する方針を表明した。 • 日本のIWCからの脱退表明を受け、反捕鯨国からは批判の声が上がっている。 • オーストラリアのマリス・ペイン外相は、午後、声明を出し、「日本がIWCを脱退し、商業捕鯨を再開することに、オーストラリア政府は極めて失望した」としたうえで、復帰を強く求めた。 2018年12月26日

  4. Ｅｘａｍ　Ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ 50pts + 50pts = 100pts • 25 multiple choice (2 points each) • Select from a, b, c, or d. • 1 English composition (50 points) • Choose from 6 questions No electronic dictionaries or notes (though I will give you scrap paper for planning your compositions)

  5. Examples of Multiple Choice Questions(from new citizenship test: try out a practice test at the URL below!) http://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Citi/pathways-processes/Citizenship-test/Australian-citizenship-test-resource

  6. Federation took place in… • 1788 • 1850 • 1901 • 1947

  7. The title of Australia’s national anthem is… • God Save the Queen • Waltzing Matilda • Advance Australia Fair • Australia the Free

  8. The population of Australia is… • 10 million • 15 million • 25 million • 40 million

  9. The Australian Parliament is located in… • Canberra • Sydney • Melbourne • London

  10. The Colours on the Australian Flag are… • Red, white • Red, white, blue • Red, white, blue, black • Red, white, blue black, green

  11. Examples of English Composition Questions

  12. Australia is a Racist Society. Discuss Aborigines need to take responsibility for their own problems. Discuss. Australia has no culture. Discuss.

  13. HINTS • DON’T SAY “I THINK…” • No opinions: make an argument! • DON’T SAY WHAT YOU THINK “SHOULD” HAPPEN • DO ANALYSE IN A BALANCED, LOGICAL WAY 1 paragraph each:賛成・反対・まとめ

  14. Points to Remember • Test Date January 17th (9:00am start!) • The test covers term 4 • The composition can be as long as you like (assuming you have time to write!) • Questions are almost all from the lecture and powerpoints: you don’t need to review every word of the readings

  15. English III (Lecture) StudentsOnly(Special Homework=特別課題） • Find one news story about Australia in English • Fill out the worksheet • Submit to my mailbox by Feb. 1st(1号館３F)

  16. Hint: Use the LexisNexis database on the library HP (学内アクセスのみ） http://lib.tsuda.ac.jp/

  17. These Australian news sources are available in full-text… (also in the library!) (Melbourne) http://www.abc.net.au/news/

  18. Looking Ahead: Australia as a Republic(共和国)? ?

  19. Prince Harry and his wife Meghan meet a koala named Ruby and its koala joey named Meghan after the Duchess of Sussex during a visit to Taronga Zoo in Sydney (October 2018)

  20. Britain's Prince Harry, right, reacts as Meghan, right, Duchess of Sussex holds a toy kangaroo given by Australia's Governor General Sir Peter Cosgrove Credit: Reuters

  21. The republic is a dead issue in middle Australia…the sons of Princes Diana have squashed the republican movement in this country. The issue had largely slipped from the public’s consciousness even before Harry and Meghan’s trip Down Under, but in the wake of the couple’s wildly successful tour, it has now completely disappeared off the radar. The Australian 2018/10/29

  22. Australia loves Prince Harry and Meghan, but is it time for a republic? • Thousands flocked to meet the newly marriedDuke and Duchess of Sussex when they touched down in Sydney on October 16 for a two-week tour. • But the monarchy could be fighting an uphill battle to win the hearts and minds of the Australian people. The latest polls showincreasing support for an Australian republic and the push is on again to make a final break from the UK. CNN World News, October 27, 2018

  23. Labor will put Australian republic to vote in first term if it wins next election • Bill Shorten says Labor will activate the process towards Australia becoming a republic if he wins the next election (due soon!), and put a question to the voters by the end of his first term in office: “Do you support an Australian republic with an Australian head of state?” 28 July 2017

  24. The Australian head of state is… • the prime-minister • the queen • the governor-general (連邦総督） • Ian Thorpe

  25. Who is Australia’s Head of State? Australians answered…

  26. Peter Cosgrove=26th GG (sworn in March 2014)

  27. オーストラリアは独立国家ですが… • 英国の女王が正式なオーストラリア女王 • 憲法上の国の元首 (‘constitutional monarch’) • 女王はその代理として、オーストラリア総督(‘Governor-General’)を任命する • 1965年からオーストラリア生まれの者が任じられ • オーストラリア総督は、各大臣を任命する

  28. In practice… • Queen appoints GG on advice of elected Australian government • GG appoints ministers on advice of the PM • GG acts only on the advice of ministers

  29. In Nov. 1975, the governor-general Sir John Kerr dismissed (罷免した) Prime-minister Gough Whitlam(労働党) BUT…

  30. Background to Crisis “The most serious constitutional crisis in Australian history” • Whitlam (労働党) government pushed through wide ranging social reforms • Public expenditure doubled • Record unemployment/Anti-Americanism • Senior ministers resigned over scandals • Opposition refuses to release funds • Kerr dismisses Lab. government and installs Liberal (自由党) leader, Fraser, as caretaker prime-minister • Fraser (自由党) wins new election with record majority

  31. Significance • Democratically elected leader of the nation dismissed by the Queen’s representative • No strikes or serious violence…most Australians accepted decision (unlike French students in 1968) • Could it happen again…?

  32. Summary 1975 総督 首相 _____年に、 _____　が_____　を罷免した。 1968 1973 1975 総督 首相

  33. Today: Two Major Groups • Republican Movement (共和制支持) • Monarchy Movement　（君主制支持）

  34. Republican Movement 共和政体［主義］ • The monarchy is inconsistent with Australia's status as an independent nation. • Replace English monarch with an Australian Head of State (popular or parliamentary appt.?) • 豪州の国民が選出する大統領を国家元首をする • Update century-old Constitution to make it relevant today • Natural progression (e.g. 1949, Australians no longer British subjects; 1970s, referendum on replacing "God Save the Queen“ as anthem) • Remain a member of the Commonwealth（英連邦） • Trigger for reconciliation with aborigines?

  35. “The Queen is not the Queen of Australia. We have somebody else's Queen. She is first and foremost Queen of the U.K. Anything else is secondary. The monarchy is the result of our previous relationship with Great Britain. We were her colony. She was a great power. Neither is still true." John Warhurst, Chair of the Australian Republican Movement.

  36. "The current institution is one which privileges England over other national origins (and) inheritance over hard work ... An Australian republic is a positive, democratic and inclusive patriotic step" Michael Cooney, national director of the Australian Republic Movement

  37. 君主政治［政体］ Monarchy Movement • “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” • 「壊れていないものは、修理しなくてもいい」

  38. 君主政治［政体］ Monarchy Movement • “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” • 「壊れていないものは、修理しなくてもいい」 • Current constitutional arrangements have produced a free, stable, & tolerant nation • Australia already has an Australian Head of State, the Governor-General. • That the Head of State is beyond politics helps keep political power under check • “Australians do not trust nor want politicians to obtain more power”

  39. “I don't think anybody can seriously suggest we're not an independent country…over hundreds of years…a system of government…has created…an impartial non-political arrangement, which has given… incredible stability and one that I'm unconvinced can be adequately replicated in a republican proposal….in the end [this] is a question of whether you believe a change is going to make this country better, more secure, more stable.” John Howard, ex-Prime Minister

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