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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Acid. A molecule that has more hydrogen (hydronium) ions than hydroxide ions Usually donates H+ to solution Less than 7.0 on pH scale Ex). Base. Molecule that has more hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydrogen ions Tends to remove H+ from solution creating water

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acid • A molecule that has more hydrogen (hydronium) ions than hydroxide ions • Usually donates H+ to solution • Less than 7.0 on pH scale • Ex)

  3. Base • Molecule that has more hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydrogen ions • Tends to remove H+ from solution creating water • Higher than 7.0 on pH scale • Ex)

  4. Pure Water • Neither acidic or alkaline • Same amount of H+ and OH- • 7.0 or neutral on pH scale

  5. pH scale • Scale to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution • Logarithmic

  6. Examples of pH’s • Gastric juice • Urine • Saliva • Milk • Tears • Blood • Pancreatic Juice

  7. Most cellular fluids range from 6-8 on the pH scale • Ave is 7.4 • Slight changes in pH can change chemical reactions!!

  8. The pH of blood is 7.4 if it decreases as little as 6.95 the nervous system is unresponsive • Coma and death soon follow

  9. We don’t hear in the news about people dieing of acid/base toxicity why?

  10. Buffers • Capable of neutralizing small amounts of acids and bases by easily donating hydrogen or hydroxide ions

  11. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate • Human buffer system • Know this for the test!! • Carbon dioxide combines with water to make carbonic acid H2CO3 (neutralizing bases)

  12. Carbonic acid can break down into a hydrogen ion and a bicarbonate ion HCO3- (neutralizing acids)

  13. When no longer needed bicarbonate then reacts with a hydrogen ion to create H2O and CO2

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