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Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT)

Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT). What is KMT?. * Based on the research of Robert Boyle (1627 – 1691) A theory that envisions molecules in motion Best describes properties and behaviors of gases

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Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT)

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  1. Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT)

  2. What is KMT? * Based on the research of Robert Boyle (1627 – 1691) • A theory that envisions molecules in motion • Best describes properties and behaviors of gases * Imagines particles of a gas like billiard balls, moving and crashing into each and the walls of a container in a three-dimensional space.

  3. 6 Basic Principles of KMT 1. Gases consist of tiny (submicroscopic) particles.

  4. 2. Gas particles are very far apart; the volume occupied by a gas consists mostly of empty space (typically about 99.9% empty). 3. Gas particles are not attracted to each other (like ions are.)

  5. 4. Gas particles move randomly in all directions, traveling in straight lines. * Gas molecules travel at very high speeds, about 6000 km/hr (~2700 mi/hr). 5. The higher the average speed of the particles, the higher the temperature of that substance. • Absolute temperature: T based on average particle speed; measured in Kelvin (K) • Absolute zero (0 K): particles are not moving; there is no T below 0 K. K = °C + 273 http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ChemistryApplets/KineticMolecularTheory/PT.html

  6. 6. Gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container without losing energy. Pressure= the collision of gas particles with a surface; force per unit area

  7. Diffusion = spontaneous mixing of two gases or liquids because particles move randomly Effusion = process by which gas molecules pass through asmall opening form a container at higher pressure to one oflower pressureAtmospheric pressure = mass of the atmosphere pressing downward at a point; pressure experienced by objects on Earth as a result of the layer of air surrounding our planet1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mm Hg = 101,325 Pa (Pascal—SI unit)at 0°C; sea level is 1 atm of pressure

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