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is for deficiency

is for deficiency . An Overview of Vitamin D Deficiency in Athletes . Caitlin Hendler. Vitamin D Basics . Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin D. Fat-soluble Sources Very few foods (fortified) Sunlight Supplements . Office of Dietary Supplements - NIH.

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is for deficiency

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  1. is for deficiency An Overview of Vitamin D Deficiency in Athletes Caitlin Hendler

  2. Vitamin D Basics Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin D • Fat-soluble • Sources • Very few foods (fortified) • Sunlight • Supplements Office of Dietary Supplements - NIH Salmon - 447 IU’s Swordfish - 566 IU’s Milk – 115-124 IU’s

  3. Vitamin D Function

  4. Vitamin D Deficiency • Defined as 25-hyroxyvitamin D level of less than 20 ng/mL • Can occur when… • usual intake is lower than recommended levels over time, exposure to sunlight is limited • the kidneys cannot convert 25(OH)D to its active form • absorption of vitamin D from the digestive tract is inadequate

  5. Vitamin D Deficiency History • Rickets was first recognized by British researchers in the mid-17th century • In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, German physicians noted consuming 1-3 teaspoons per day of cod liver oil could reverse rickets • Fortification of milk with vitamin D began in the 1930’s

  6. Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence • Estimates suggest that up to 1 billion people around the world have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency • According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 (n=4495) 41.6% was vitamin D deficient (2)

  7. Vitamin D Deficiency & Athletes • Evidence suggests that vitamin D plays an important role in an athletes health, training and performance • Most probable reason for poor vitamin D status is inadequate endogenous synthesis from insufficient UVB exposure • Skin pigmentation • Early-or-late day training • Indoor training • Geographic location • Sunscreen use

  8. Importance of Vitamin D in Athletes • Bone health • Muscle pain • Muscle performance • Type 2 muscle fibers • Inflammation and immunity

  9. Vitamin D Requirements for Athletes • Many researchers have suggested that the recommended daily allowance (RDA) may need to be changed to 800-2200 IU and possibly higher depending on the stage of life • The tolerable upper limit (TUL) currently set at 2000 IU is also in need of revision

  10. References Cannell JJ, Hollis BW, Sorenson TB, Taft TN, Anerson JJ. Athletic Performance and vitamin D. Med. Sci. Sports Exrc. 2009; 41:1102-10. Forrest, K.Y.Z and Stuhldreher, W.L. Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency. Nutrition Research, 31, pp.48-54, 2011. Larson-Meyer, DE & Willis KS. Vitamin D and athletes. Curr. Sports Med. Rep., Vol. 9, No. 4, pp.220-226, 2010. Ward KA, Das G, Berry JL, et al. Vitamin D status and muscle function in post-menarchal adolescent girls. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2009; 94:559-63.

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