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Urinary System

Urinary System. Identify parts of Urinary system. While viewing this power point and listening to the presentation you are going to write the urinary system QUIZ.

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System

  2. Identify parts of Urinary system • While viewing this power point and listening to the presentation you are going to write the urinary system QUIZ. • Write 4 multiple choice questions and 1 short answer question from the including the correct answer from information discussed today • Your multiple choice question must include 4 reasonable choices.

  3. Removes waste • Maintains acid-base balance of body • Parts include: • 2 KIDNEYS • 2 URETERS • BLADDER • URETHRA

  4. 2 bean shaped organs • Protected by ribs and fat • Each kidney is found in mass of fatty tissue (adipose capsule) • 2 main sections: • Cortex: outer layer, contains most of the neurons that aid in production of urine • Medulla: inner layer, contains most of tubes that carry urine from the nephrons through the kidneys

  5. Nephrons • Microscopic filtering units • Over 1 million/kidney • Contains glomerulus • Cluster of capillaries that filter waste • Bowman’s capsule • Surround glomerulus picks up filtered materials and passes it to the convoluted tubule • Substances needed by the body are reabsorbed and returned to the capillaries

  6. Nephrons • At the end, most of the water, sugar, vitamins and salts have been reabsorbed • Excess salts, water, wastes remain in the tubule and become urine • Urine enters collecting ducts (tubes) in the medulla • Collecting tubes empty into the renal pelvis (first section of the ureter)

  7. Ureters • 2 muscular tubes 10-12 inches long • One extends from the renal pelvis to the bladder • Peristalsis: a wavelike motion of the involuntary muscle that moves urine through the ureter from the kidney to the bladder

  8. Bladder • Hollow muscular sac • Lining folds called rugae – disappears as muscles of bladder allow it to expand and fill with urine • 3 layers of visceral muscle • Urge to void occurs when bladder contains 1 cup • Circular sphincter muscle • Control bladder opening • Can’t be controlled by infants • FUNCTIONS: • Receives urine from ureters • Stores urine until eliminated from body

  9. Urethra • Tube carries urine from bladder to outside • External opening called meatus • Different in male/females • Females shorter • Opens in front of vagina or passes through the penis • Male: carries both urine from urinary system and semen from the reproductive system

  10. Urine • Liquid waste • 95% water • 1 ½ - 2 quarts produced daily • Excreting waste products • Urea • Creatinine • Uric acid • The Concentration of components in a urine sample depends on osmotic movement of water Normal Urine Is a clear, sterile solution, yellow color (pigment urobilin) generated in kidneys

  11. 5 Homeostatic Functions of Urinary System • Regulate blood volume and blood pressure: • by adjusting volume of water lost in urine • releasing erythropoietin and renin • Regulate plasma ion concentrations: • sodium, potassium, and chloride ions (by controlling quantities lost in urine) • calcium ion levels (through synthesis of calcitriol) • Help stabilize blood pH: • by controlling loss of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions in urine

  12. 5 Homeostatic Functions of Urinary System • Conserve valuable nutrients: • by preventing excretion while excreting organic waste products • Assist liver to detoxify poisons

  13. Blood Supply of the Kidney • Approximately ¼ of the total blood supply of the body passes through the kidneys each minute • Renal artery branches inside the kidney • Venous blood leaves the cortex and medulla • Small veins join the renal vein

  14. Acidosis • Lactic acidosis: • develops after exhaustive muscle activity • (bulging muscles can cut off blood supply) • due to anaerobic respiration • Ketoacidosis: • Lower blood pH, higher acid, due to presence of ketones • develops in starvation or diabetes • Body does not have sufficient glucose/glycogen to sustain metabolic activity • Muscle loss can occur - dieting

  15. How do the Kidneys control of Blood pH? By H+ removal and bicarbonate production at kidneys

  16. ADH – antidiuretic hormone • Hormone causes special water channels to appear • Increases rate of osmotic water movement • Higher levels of ADH increases: • number of water channels • water permeability of ducts and collecting system • No ADH, water is not reabsorbed • All fluid reaching ducts is lost in urine producing large amounts of dilute urine

  17. The Hypothalamus • Continuously secretes low levels of ADH: • At normal ADH levels: • collecting system reabsorbs 16,800 ml fluid/ day (9.3% of filtrate) • A healthy adult produces: • 1200 ml urine per day (0.6% of filtrate)

  18. Key Terms • Polyuria: excess urination • Oliguria: below normal urination • Anuria: absence of urination • Hematuria: blood in urine • Nocturia: urination at night • Dysuria: painful urination • Retention: inability to empty bladder • Incontinence: involuntary urination

  19. Cystitis • Inflammation of the bladder • More common in females due to shortness of urethra • Symptoms: • Frequent urination • Dysuria and burning • Bladder spasm • Hematuria • ? Fever ? • Treatment: • Antibiotics and increased fluid intake

  20. Glomerulonephritis • Inflammation of the glomerulus • Usually follows strep infection • Can be acute or chronic • Symptoms: hematuria, hypertension, edema, fatigue, congestive heart failure, renal failure, death • Treatment: treat symptoms • Low salt diet, high blood pressure medicine, dialysis, transplant

  21. Pyelonephritis • Inflammation of kidney tissue and renal pelvis • Usually caused by pus forming bacteria • Symptoms: chills, fever, back pain, dysuria, hematuria and pyuria • Treatment: antibiotics, increased fluid intake

  22. Renal Calculi • Kidney stone formed when salts in urine settle • Small stones can be eliminated in urine • Large stones may become lodged • Symptoms: sudden pain, hematuria and retention • Treatment: increase fluids, pain meds, strain urine w/ gauze, lithotripsy, possible surgery

  23. Renal Failure • Kidneys stop functioning • Acute • Caused by injury, poisoning, dehydration • Prompt treatment leads to good prognosis • Chronic • Progressive loss of kidney function caused by glomerulonephritis, hypertension, toxins and endocrine disease. • Waste accumulates and affects body systems

  24. Uremia • Toxic condition where urinary waste is in bloodstream • Caused from any condition that affects proper function of kidneys • Symptoms: n/v, ammonia breath, anuria, headache and confusion, coma/death • Treatment: restrictive diet, dialysis, transplant

  25. Urethritis • Inflammation of the urethra • Caused by bacteria, viruses or chemicals • Symptoms: painful urination, redness, itching at meatus, ?discharge • Treatment: sitz baths or warm compresses, antibiotics, increased fluid intake

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