March 2009

1. What Do I Need to Know? Just Learn It! March 2009

2. Nature of Science • There are many types of science equipment. • The equipment includes thermometers, rulers, stopwatches, graduated cylinders, and balance scales. • Triple-beam scales have three numbers that are added together to weigh an object. • Be safe during experiments. Follow lab rules and talk to the teacher if there is a problem. • Scientists always use metric measurement (meters, grams, liters, and Celsius).

3. For an investigation to have valid results, there must be at least 3 trials. • Only one variable in an investigation can be changed. Everything else must remain the same. • Data is usually collected in the form of a graph, table, or chart. • Investigations start with a good testable questions for exploration. • Finding out what has changed and what is being measured can help identify the question being tested.

4. No open flames Fire extinguisher RecycleElectrical hazard Flammable Wear glovesWear an apronWear eye protection Hazardous or toxic chemicals Do You Know These Safety Symbols?

5. Checking for Understanding • What is the first thing you should do if something spills during a science investigation? • Wipe it up with a paper towel. • Tell the teacher. • Pour water on it. • Ignore the spill. The correct answer is: B Unless you know FOR SURE that the spill is plain water, you want to tell your teacher and find out how to clean up the spill from your teacher.

6. A graduated cylinder is used to – • A. measure temperature • B. measure liquid volume • C. measure mass • D. measure length The correct answer is: B

7. This is the symbol for – • hazardous chemicals • food web • dangerous liquids being used • recycling The correct answer is: D

8. Which of the following would NOT help to make the results of an investigation valid? • using the correct tools • conducting the investigation several times • collecting data • wearing goggles and an apron The correct answer is: D Wearing goggles and an apron might be appropriate safety equipment, but not part of the scientific process.

9. A hazard is – • anything that can be dangerous • a way to get rid of materials • a way to keep yourself safe • the last step in an investigation The correct answer is: A

10. LIFE SCIENCE animals plants niche cycles adaptations

11. Living things are called organisms. This includes both plants and animals. • Plants have 3 main parts: roots, stem, and leaves. • The roots take in the water; thestem moves the water throughthe plant. • The leaves trap sunlight (in the chloroplast in the cells) and take in carbon dioxide.

12. Plants make their own food during the process called photosynthesis. • Water, light and carbon dioxide enter the plant during photosynthesis. • Energy from sunlight turns the water and carbon dioxide into sugar, which is the plant’s food. • Oxygen leaves the plant after the process of photosynthesis.

13. A producer makes its own food. All plants are producers • Consumers eat things. Animals are consumers. • A predator is an animal that hunts other animals for food. • Prey is the animal that is hunted and eaten. • Herbivores eat plants. Carnivores eat meat. Omnivores eat both.

14. Energy transfers from organism to organism in a food chain. This energy starts with the sun. • Connected food chains are called food webs. • All organisms go through a life cycle. Some go through a metamorphosis. • Metamorphosis is a change. Complete metamorphosis is a major change. • Egg  larva  pupa  adult • Grasshoppers and dragonflies go through incomplete metamorphosis. • Egg  miniature  adult

15. Things that harm an ecosystem can cause organisms to perish (die). • Good things can cause organisms to thrive (live better). • The Carbon Dioxide – Oxygen Cycle shows how oxygen exits plants and enters animals. • The Carbon Dioxide – Oxygen Cycle shows how carbon dioxide enters plants and exits animals. • Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

16. Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen Cycle Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis. Plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Animals breathe in oxygen. Animals breathe out carbon dioxide. The unused carbon remains inside the plant and is released when it is cut down or when it decomposes.

17. Checking for Understanding • A lion eats an antelope. The antelope is the – • producer • hunter • predator • prey How else could the lion be classified? as a consumer The correct answer is: D

18. Which of the following is the best example of competition between birds? • A Ablue jay eats an insect and is then eaten by a hawk. • B A blue jay ignores some insects and finds and eats other insects. • C A blue jay eats an insect on the ground, and a sparrow eats grass seeds. • D A blue jay steals and eats an insect captured by a robin. The correct answer is: D The blue jay is competing for insects with the robin.

19. The life cycle of a plant begins with – A. leaves B. a seedling C. sprouting seed D. fertilization The correct answer is: C

20. Which animal goes through a complete metamorphosis? • human • elephant • butterfly • robin Can you name all of the stages in order? The correct answer is: C

21. Without light, a plant is not able to – • A. take in air • B. make food • C. take in water • D. make minerals The correct answer is: B light is needed for photosynthesis – the process by which plants make sugars = food.

22. Which adaptation is most likely to help a plant stay alive through a cold winter? • A. shallow roots • B. an underground stem • C. dropping its leaves in fall • D. supports extending out from its base The correct answer is: C dropping leaves helps a plant use less energy since it needs to make less food

23. Which of the following is a learned behavior? • A fox preys on a rabbit. • A frog jumps when touched. • A bird builds a nest out of grass. • A dog returns to where it found food. The correct answer is: D

24. Which of the following best describes why polar bears and giraffes have different traits? • Polar bears rely mostly on inherited traits. • Giraffes rely mostly on learned traits. • They live in different environments. • They have different basic needs. The correct answer is: C

25. Horses are herbivores. Their teeth crush and grind plants. Which picture best represents the lower teeth of a horse? The correct answer is: C – short flat teeth are best for grinding food

26. Physical Science physical properties light mixtures & Solutions sound energy

27. All things are made up of matter. Matter makes up everything. • The amount of matter in an object is its mass. • Weight of an object is based on the gravitational pull on the mass of the object. • The more mass an object has, the more it weighs. • Weight can change depending on the force of gravity. The object’s mass will not change.

28. Matter can be classified by physical properties like color, smell, taste, temperature, texture, magnetism, or the ability to conduct heat, electricity or sound. • Conductors allow energy to pass through them. Metals are good conductors of electricity. • Insulators stop or slow down the flow of energy. Rubber is an insulator of electricity. • Matter can be in one of threestates: Solid, Liquid, or Gas.

29. Solids have their own shape and volume. • Liquids have their own volume, but take the shape of the container they are in. • Gases do not have their own volume or shape.

30. Matter can also be classified by boiling point, melting point, and freezing point. • The freezing, melting and boiling point of a substance remains constant – it doesn’t change. • The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius. The freezing point and melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius. • As the temperature increases/rises (gets hotter), matter goes from a solid to a liquid to a gas. • As the temperature decreases/falls (gets colder), matter goes from a gas to a liquid to a solid.

31. Types of energy include chemical, electrical, magnetic, light, heat, sound, and solar. • Energy can change form. For example, a toaster changes electrical energy into heat energy. • Light can be reflected (bounced back). A mirror, water, and tinted windows reflect light. • Light can be refracted (bent). Lenses in glasses, cameras, and telescopes refract light. • Sound is made from vibrations. Sound travels in waves. Anything that makes a sound vibrates. • Electricity flows in a closed circuit.

32. Matter can be put together in mixtures and solutions. Some matter can be dissolved forming a solution. • Solutions can be separated by evaporation. • An object can move when a force is applied to it. Gravity is a force. • Inertia keeps objects in motion or still until a force acts upon the object. • The amount of friction is determined by how rough or smooth something is. The more friction, the harder it is to move.

33. Checking for Understanding • At what temperature does frozen water melt? • A. 32Celsius • B. 100 Celsius • C. 0  Celsius • D. 210 Celsius The correct answer is: C

34. The hand lens in this picture is an example of a tool that – • refracts light • reflects light • rotates light • transforms light The correct answer is: A refraction usually makes objects look bigger or bent.

35. The picture shows salt mixed with water before and after the mixture was stirred. Which best describes what happened to the salt after stirring? • It evaporated. • It stopped flowing. • It dissolved. • It spilled out. The correct answer is: C

36. An object that sinks in water but floats in cooking oil has – • lower density than water but higher density than oil • lower density than water and lower density than oil • higher density than water but lower density than oil • higher density than water and higher density than oil The correct answer is: C

37. A student pours fruit punch into containers and makes freezer pops by placing them in the freezer. This is an example of which change? • solid to liquid • liquid to gas • liquid to solid • gas to liquid The correct answer is: C Why does an object freeze? Because it loses heat energy

38. Mixing sand and water is an example of - • refraction • a solution • evaporation • a mixture The correct answer is: D

39. Earth Science WED solar system Earth Systems natural resources sun & moon

40. The land is made up of many landforms such as mountains, canyons, valleys, volcanoes, and plains. • Glaciers are large chunks of ice that move slowly across the land and can form valleys and lakes. • As glaciers move across the land, they scrape the surface and deposit rocks and boulders. • Icebergs are chunks of glaciers that have broken off and are floating in a body of water.

41. Canyons are formed when rivers weather away the land over thousands of years. • Mountains are formed when the plates of land crash together or split apart. • Volcanoes are formed when magma (melted/molten rock) pushes through the surface of the Earth. • When magma pushes through the surface of the Earth, it becomes lava. • Earthquakes can change the surface of the Earth by causing huge cracks.

42. Weathering is when rocks and dirt are broken down into smaller pieces by wind, ice, or water. • Erosion occurs after weathering when the sediment (small pieces of rock and dirt) moves to a new place. • Deposition occurs when the sediment (small pieces of rock and dirt) is left in a new place after erosion.

43. Natural resources are things found in nature that people use. • Renewable resources can be replaced during a life time. Trees, animals, water, and soil are renewable resources. • Nonrenewableresources cannot be replaced. There is a set amount of these available on the earth. Coal, oil, and gas are nonrenewable resources. Minerals are nonrenewable, too. • Coal, oil, and natural gas are also known as fossil fuels. They took millions of year to make. • Some renewable resources can be used for alternative energy resources. For example, wind can power wind turbines and water can be used to make electricity in hydroelectric dams.

44. Soil helps plants grow. Some soils are better than others. Clay and sand are not good soils for growing most plants. • Soils have textures (how they feel based on the size of the particles of dirt). • Sand, silt, and clay are names that describe the size of individual particles in the soil. Sand is the largest particle; clay is the smallest. • Oceans can weather away rock found on the land and form beaches. • The oceans rise and fall (tides) due to the gravity of the moon (a force). The tides rise and fall each day.

45. Scientists can use fossils to determine the past history of an area. • The imprint found in the fossil tells what organisms lived in that area. • Scientists can also use soil layers to determine the past of an area.

46. Weather and climate are different in different places on the Earth. It is warmer near the equator. It is colder near the North and South Poles. • Weather is what is happening at a particular moment – sunny, rainy, snowy, etc. • Climate is the average weather conditions over time. It rains more near oceans and mountains.

47. One cause of wind is the sun’s uneven heating of the ocean and land

48. The water cycle has 3 main parts: Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation. • As water heats up, it evaporates and turns from a liquid to water vapor. • High in the sky, air temperatures cool, changing the water vapor back into a liquid. This process is known as condensation • During condensation, water droplets come together to form clouds.

49. When the clouds become too heavy, the water droplets fall back to Earth as some form of precipitation. • The water cycle starts with heat energy, usually from the sun. • The water cycle and carbon-dioxide-oxygen cycle are important processes for organisms to survive and thrive.

50. Checking for Understanding • By which process are clouds formed? • heating • evaporation • precipitation • condensation The correct answer is: D