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Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems

Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems. Michael M. Gorlick The Aerospace Corporation gorlick@aero.org WESAS 2000 University of California, Irvine May 8-9, 2000. Agenda. How to predict the future of software architectures The construction principles for the 21st century

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Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems

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  1. Geek Chic and The Future of Space Systems Michael M. Gorlick The Aerospace Corporation gorlick@aero.org WESAS 2000 University of California, Irvine May 8-9, 2000

  2. Agenda • How to predict the future of software architectures • The construction principles for the 21st century • How to prepare for the future

  3. It’s the Hardware, Stupid! • Theoretical software engineering in its infancy • Software engineering is hardware (device) driven • Invites new architectures • Forces new architectures • Predicting the future of software architectures means “following the devices”

  4. Following the Devices • Materials inform building architectures • Stone versus steel • Cathedrals versus skyscrapers • Devices inform software architectures • Scarcity versus plenitude • Processors • Isolation versus community • Communication • Insensate versus sensation • Sensors • Paralysis versus mobility • Actuators

  5. Know Thy Materials Silicon Carbon

  6. Silicon • Building material • Stronger and less dense than aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium • High melting point • Excellent heat conductor • Digital substrate • Analog substrate Will Revolutionize All Devices

  7. Silicon Analog Devices ADXL50 Accelerometer Principle of operation: Fixed Electrode Moving Electrode 3 millimeters

  8. Silicon MEMS Accelerometers Monitored STS-93 Flight Launch Silicon Designs 1010J & 1210J MEMS Accelerometers Orbit Correction Sensor ASIC

  9. Optical MEMS Devices MEMS “Pop Up” Mirror (Sandia) MEMS “Pop Up” Lens (UCLA) http://www.mdl.sandia.gov/micromachine/images6.html M.C. Wu, Micromachining for Optical and Optoelectronic Systems, Proc. IEEE, 85(11), Nov 1997; http://www.ee.ucla.edu/labs/laser/ research/mot/1integrated.html S.J. Walker and D.J. Nagel, Optics & MEMS http://code6330.nrl.navy.mil/6336/moems.htm

  10. DARPA DARPA Valve MTO MEMS Nozzle Thruster Module MEMS Microthrusters Cold Gas Thruster Module 15-Thruster “Chip” on STS-93 The Aerospace Corporation The Aerospace Corporation http://www.design.caltech.edu/ micropropulsion/index.html TRW, CalTech, and The Aerospace Corp.

  11. Field Ionization Array Bond Pads 300 m Linear Field Ionizer Field Ionization Array Field Emission Wires MEMS Microthrusters • Integrated electronics with microthrusters • Sub-micron features easily available Micro Ion Engine Micro Resistojet: The Aerospace Corporation The Aerospace Corporation

  12. SWJ 97 A Silicon Nanosatellite Concept Silicon serves as: Structure, Radiation shield, Thermal control, Optical material, MEMS substrate, Electronic substrate The Aerospace Corporation

  13. MASS PRODUCTION OF PICOSAT PARTS - MOSTLY FROM DELRIN AND ALUMINUM PICOSAT ELECTRONICS STACK INTEGRATION INTO A PICOSAT

  14. Mating Picosatellites with OPAL

  15. Femtosatellites http://eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust

  16. 1 nanometer 1000 nanometer Carbon • Buckytubes • Extremely strong • Strength/weight = 600 X steel • Theoretical optimal material • Flexible • Tolerant of buckling on compression • Self-repairing • Conductive • Many times more efficient than copper • Semiconductor • Certain arrangements act like semiconductors Will Revolutionize All Structures

  17. Space Elevator 30 lb / 2 oz 200,000,000 lb / 3,000 lb 200,000 lb / 1,000 lb Revolutionizing Structures 3,000 lb / 15 lb 5,000 lb / 25 lb 600,000 lb / 3,000 lb Neolithic / Buckytube (200:1)

  18. Construction Principles • Replace physical structure with information • Build small and think big • Transport energy and information not mass

  19. Primary mirror 25 m Focal plane assembly 3 m long x 30 cm wide Figure sensor reference Scanning electron beam 50 m 250 m 250 m Beamed power Sunshade Space Telescope Total weight: 125 kg Sensitivity: 1200 x better than Hubble I. Bekey, An Extremely Large yet Ultralightweight Space Telescope and Array, May 1999

  20. Hyperspectral Sensor Focal point for short wavelengths Focal point for long wavelengths Focal length is thousands of km 5,000 nanosats spaced along line of sight each imaging in a different spectral band Tolerant of axial and radial errors even at optical wavelengths Total weight is 30 kg Fresnel lens 100 m

  21. d14 c14 a14 d13 b13 c13 a13 d12 b12 c12 a12 d11 b11 c11 a11 d10 b10 c10 a10 d9 b9 c9 a9 Nanosatellite Constellatinos • Dense LEO constellations • 500 to 1000 satellites at ~700 km altitude • At least 2 satellites always above 30oelevation for all surface locations • One satellite always within 1000 km range • Disposable missions • Local clusters (“platooning”) • Co-orbiting clusters • Up to 10 km diameter in LEO • Up to 1000 km diameter in GEO • Arbitrary “formation flying” • Up to 10 km diameter in GEO

  22. Computing Principles • Tune in • Turn on • Drop out

  23. Sensors Processor Memory/FPGA IrDA Battery The Great Wall of Computing 1 inch 1 inch 1 inch

  24. The Great Wall of Computing • Put 1,000 sensor cubes in a regular pattern on the walls of a room • Challenges • Meeting environment • Gesture recognition • Communication with handheld devices • Phased array

  25. Sensate Automobile • Assume that EVERY single component part has a processor, memory, communication, sensors • Challenges • Organizing the processors and sensors • What can you discover about automobiles? • Diagnosis • Preventive maintenance • Fault detection • Accident avoidance • What can you discover about drivers?

  26. Information Superhighway • Let information “hitch a ride” on vehicular traffic • Vehicles broadcast routes and destinations to fixed nodes and passing vehicles • Packets “hitchhike” on vehicles that will get them closer to destination • Packets can “hop off” to other passing vehicles, roadway wireless nodes and cellular towers • Challenges • Protocols • Routing • Payment • Micro auctions • Micro payments

  27. Summary • Architectures are based on an intimate understanding of building materials • Silicon and carbon are the building materials of the future • All devices and all structures will be revolutionized beyond imagining • Construction principles of the golden age • Replace structure with information • Build small and think big • Transport energy and information not mass • Computing principles of the golden age • Tune in • Turn on • Drop out

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