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September 2005 Prof. Ephi Zehavi School of Engineering Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN/WIMAX and 3G networks. September 2005 Prof. Ephi Zehavi School of Engineering Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. and proprietary information. Outline of Talk. Outline of Talk. Observation and Assumptions.

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September 2005 Prof. Ephi Zehavi School of Engineering Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

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  1. Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN/WIMAX and 3G networks September 2005 Prof. Ephi ZehaviSchool of Engineering Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel and proprietary information

  2. Outline of Talk Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  3. Outline of Talk Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  4. Observation and Assumptions • The market:WLAN and Cellular convergence. The voice over IP will set the wired and wireless worlds on a collision course, while at the same time providing opportunities for operators and vendors • Wireless Connection: More than 50% of the wireless connections are initiated or terminated at home or office • Dual Phone: Most of phones will use Wi-Fi based handset, either Single mode (Wi-Fi), Dual mode (3G, Wi-Fi) or Tri-mode (3G, CDMA, Wi-Fi) handsets • Objectives: • How to allow a smooth interoperability between Wi-Fi/Wimax and cellular networks. • How to reduce infrastructure’s cost Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  5. The Mobile Operators Problems • Mobile operators may lose in-door revenue to Fixed-Line/Cable Operators when either significant low cost VoIP calls are offered, orwhenno in-door cellular signal is available, or when high mobile data rate is required • The 3G network is expensive solution for out-door cellular coverage, while in-door 3G coverage cost times four • The 3G network cannot supply the capacity demand for in-door data traffic • The 3G suffers from restricted zoning rules, which induces constraints deployment of new sites • The 3G’s High Speed Packet Data Access (HSPDA) is limited to aggregate 10Mb/s per cell for all users Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  6. Outline of Talk Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  7. PDN PSTN The challenge is to provide seamless Mobility Management between Cellular and WLAN Networks for VoIP and Video services RNC RNC PDSN MSC Mobile Operator How to allow interoperability? ??? INTERNET MANAGED IP NETWORK IP Broadband Service Provider Public (Hotspots) SOHO / Home Enterprise Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  8. Outline of Talk Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  9. Loosely Coupled Approach • WLAN gateway supports Mobile IP Mobile-IPfunctionality to handle mobility across networks: AAA services to internetworking with the 3G’s home network • Separation of Data Paths in WLAN/3G Networks-Usage of WLAN gateway connects to the Internet and does not have direct links to 3G network elements such as PDSNs or 3G core network switches. The high speed WLAN data traffic is never injected into the 3G core network but the end user still experience seamless access. • Authentication and billing -Various mechanisms and protocols can handle authentication, billing and mobility management in the 3G and WLAN portions of the network • Billing and accounting - done by the 3G provide. A unified billing statement Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  10. PSTN PDN The challenge is to provide seamless Mobility Management between Cellular and WLAN Networks for VoIP and Video services RNC RNC PDSN MSC Mobile Operator INTERNET WLAN Gateway MANAGED IP NETWORK IP Broadband Service Provider Public (Hotspots) SOHO / Home Enterprise Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  11. Observations-Loosely Coupled Approach • Easy and simply deployment • Handover of voice call- not supported • Subscribers prefer to connect voice and data services directly to the internet if it is free and not through a cellular operator • Open Problem: How to utilize the WLAN network to increase the capacity without loosing revenue? Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  12. Tightly Coupled ApproachConcepts of UMA • UMA Network Controller (UNC).- UNC appears to the core network as a GERAN base station subsystem • Security Gateway (SGW) that terminates secure remote access tunnels from the Mobile Station • Mutual authentication, encryption and data integrity for signaling, voice and data traffic. • A broadband IP network provides connectivity between the Access Points and the UNC. The IP transport connection extends • A single interface, the Up interface, is defined between the UNC and the Mobile Station • A UNC connects to a unique MSC and SGSN via the A-interface and Gb interface respectively. It maintains end-to-end communication with the MS and relays GERAN signaling to the A/Gb interface towards the Core Network. Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  13. MS 3G (UMTS) Network Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA) Mobile Operator GSM UMTS A Wi-Fi Proprietary Clients One phone with two interfaces in the same case Gb WiFi AP UMA IP AP AP BSC/RNC Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  14. Observations-UMA • The UMA can not support soft handoff, unless an interface between UNA and the RNC is added • The UMA solution has to be tailored for every new core network standard • Interfaces must be integrated in the dual handset MAC layer- Major change in Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  15. Outline of Talk Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  16. The Dual Coupled Approach’s Concepts • Handoff in the Dual Mode handset can be viewed as conference call between the network and a phone with two identities. • The Access Point Communication Controller (APCC ) keeps the two handset communication channels (Cellular and WLAN) open simultaneously, while the data is transferred through one channel at a time. • Offering universal interface to CDMA, GSM and UMTS networks through tightly coupled approach (Intelligent switch connected to the core network, integrated with the IN • Capacity Gain- The non used channel is kept open for signaling only, thus reduced the cellular spectrum usage by 87.5% • The hand over is done at the application layer of the phone Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  17. Add on Features • Seamless mobility - allows subscribers to roam seamlessly between mobile networks and WLANs with a single handset for voice and data services. APCC enables Parallel Access and Soft Handoff between multiple networks such as Cellular, WLAN (802.11a/b/g), Wi-Max networks • Low delay for handoff • QoS for VoIP and for video services is achieved in Dual mode handsets by leveraging the co-existence of mobile networks and WLAN. • High Speed Internet Access (HSIA) enables Mobile Operators to leverage broadband access and in-door WLANs to deliver high-performance mobile voice and data services at significantly lower cost to Wi-Fi based Mobile devices. • Single number Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  18. PDN PSTN The challenge is to provide seamless Mobility Management between Cellular and WLAN Networks for VoIP and Video services RNC RNC PDSN MSC Mobile Operator APCC The solution: Dual Mode Cellular / WiFi Handset INTERNET MANAGED IP NETWORK IP Broadband Service Provider Public (Hotspots) SOHO / Home Enterprise Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  19. MS 3G (UMTS) Network Dual Coupled Approach Mobile Operator for GSM/ UMTS GSM UMTS APCC Media Gateway VLR Wi-Fi Standard SIP/VoIP Client. Two phones In the same case WiFi The Dual Coupled Approach AP SIP - Soft handoff between Cellular / WLAN is done in the APCC via ISUP interface - QoS IP AP AP Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  20. MS MS 3G (UMTS) Network Dual Coupled Approach for CDMA2000 Mobile Operator VLR HLR MSC A1 cdma2000 RN A10, A11 PDSN ISUP P-P APCC Media Gateway RADIUS Soft handoff Radius Wi-Fi Standard SIP/VoIP Client. Two phones In the same case SIP AP - Soft handoff between Cellular / WLAN is done in the APCC via ISUP interface IP AP WiFi AP The Dual Coupled Approach solution Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  21. Basic Architecture PSTN NMS Mobile Three major system components: • Dual mode handset • Uses standard VoIP/SIP channel • APCC-Access Point Communication Controller • Maintains secure tunnel with the mobile over IP transport IP • Handles mobility within IP network • Bridges between transport and cellular IP network • NMS • Provisioning and control of network of APCCs and the APCCs connectivity to other network elements MSC CellularCore Network PDN TransportIP Network APCC SGSN GGSN Internet Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  22. The APCC main features • Tightly coupled - Seamless integration of Wi-Fi Dual Mode handsets into the cellular network in a tightly coupled approach, using standardinterfaces and standard handsets with VoIP and SIP protocols • One-Number - Single Cellular & Wi-Fi phone no. at work and at home • Handoff - Seamless and soft handoff between Cellular/WLAN and between APs • QoS – High QoS for VoIP calls and for Video services • Broadcast - Broadcast data streams from the cellular into the WLAN • Data Push - Simultaneous Data Push and voice into the Dual handset • “All IP” calls – Loop back VoIP calls in WLAN for local users • Presence function - indicates the status of the called party • Capacity - Increase cellular air-capacity by 400%. Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  23. Operational Concepts • “In some scenarios “ Mobile station device open signaling connection to APCC through a Wi-Fi • Mobile device in idle mode keep signaling connection with APCC • Mobile initiates hand off- • Subscriber start connection with the most reliable connection. • Cellular connection routed to APCC using IN • When Wi-FI connection reliable: • Connection through cellular is at the lowest rate (1/4 -1/8 rate) Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  24. State Machine Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  25. The Capacity Gain • Assumptions • X % of cellular connections are from indoor users • K is the average power margin that is needed for indoor users (3-9 dB) • C is the capacity of a cell shared between indoor users any out door users. • In 3G technology the rate is partitioning between multiple users, each one need a minimum SNR for a given rate Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  26. Capacity Gain Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  27. Outline of Talk Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  28. Comparison • Dual Coupled Approach • Operator Centric Solution • Universal interface to CDMA, GSM and UMTS networks through switch connected to the core network, integrated with the IN • Performs Soft mobility Handoff between Cellular/ WLAN or Wimax at the network • Dual Mode handsets is viewed as two phonesin the same case (Cellular & SIP/VoIP) • Tightly coupled Approach : • Handset Centric Solution • Different H/W Interface for different networks (CDMA, UMTS) • Performs Handover between Cellular / WLAN in the handset, No soft handoff • Dual Mode handsets is viewed as one phone with two interfaces (cellular and WLAN) Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  29. Outline of Talk Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

  30. Summary • A third alternative to interoperability between WLAN and cellular networks was introduced • The novel approach of dual coupled approach allows seamless soft handover between the networks using the IN features of the cellular/wireline network • The approach allows to be extended to other emerging wireless standards like Wimax Thank you Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networks Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005

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