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COMP311A Computer Systems Architecture

This course provides an introduction to the inner workings of computer systems, with a focus on understanding performance analysis and modern processor design issues. Topics covered include introduction to computer performance, instruction set issues, CPU design, memory, caching, and I/O. The history of computing, including key milestones and technological advancements, will also be explored.

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COMP311A Computer Systems Architecture

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  1. COMP311A Computer Systems Architecture Murray Pearson Office: G1.28A Email: mpearson@cs.waikato.ac.nz

  2. COMP311A - 2003 • Course Web Page • http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/Teaching/COMP311A • Lectures • Tuesday 4 – 6pm, GB.21 • Wednesday 2 – 3pm, GB.21 • Friday 9 – 10am, SB.03 • Textbook • Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Second Edition, Patterson and Hennessy • Excellent and essential part of the course

  3. COMP311A – 2003 • Assignments (30%) • Six each worth 5% • Test (20%) • 90 Minutes (Tuesday 6th May) during lecture time • Exam (50%) • 3hrs closed book – date and time to be set • Class Representatives

  4. Overview • 201 • Introduction to how a computer operates • Only small emphasis on issues that affect performance • 311 • how to analyse their performance (or how not to!) • issues affecting modern processor design (caches, pipelines)

  5. Topics • Introduction and Performance • Instruction Set Issues • Design • Components • Single cycle per instruction CPU • Multi-cycle implementation • Pipelined Implementation • Hardware Description Language Intro • Memory • caching • I/O

  6. Introduction • Rapid Advances in Computer technology • first stored program computer ran 1st program 50 years ago • First phase may end about 2005

  7. History • Babbage (The Father/Great Uncle of Computing) 1791 - 1871 • Designed a General purpose Computer • Machine controlled by punched cards stung together like punched paper tape • Location in Data store numbered • For control he devised a system rotating barrels with projecting studs (barrels could step forward or backwards an arbitary number of steps • Next significant step not til 1945

  8. History • ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Intergrator and Calculator) was operting in 1945 • Designed and built by Eckert and Mauchly • 18,000 Valves • Was programmable and had conditional Jumps • Programmed using a set of plugs and switches

  9. History • In 1944 John von Neumann and others joined the team • Ideas they came up with can be summarized as: • Electronic Operation • Binary • Instruction set as user interface • Serial execution of instructions • Single Memory • Modification and construction of instructions • Paper published only had Von Neumanns name on

  10. History • This led to a whole series of machines being developed: • Mark-I built at the University of Manchester • EDSAC by Maurice Wilkes of Cambridge University • …

  11. Technology Improvements • Techologies used in Computers over time • 1951 – Vacuum Tube • 1965 – Transistor • 1975 – Integrated Circuit • 1995 – Very Large Scale Circuit • Rate of increasing integration has been very constant over time

  12. DRAM Capacity Ó1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

  13. Performance Increases Dec Alpha HP 9000 IBM Power1 R3000 IBM Power2 R2000 Sun4

  14. Characteristics over Time

  15. Chip Manufacture

  16. Software Technology • Designers must also be aware of software technologies • Mixes of instructions generated by compilers • Locality of reference (memory hierarchy)

  17. Price/Performance • Other areas designers must be aware of: • Target markets • Price • Performance • Price/performance

  18. Parting Thought • Compare with transport industry • If similar advances made the travel coast to coast in US in 5 seconds for 50 cents

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