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CSCI 330 The UNIX System

CSCI 330 The UNIX System. Dr. Reva Freedman Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois University Spring 2009. Introduction. What is an OS and what is it good for? Where to get Linux Basic commands Getting help. What is an Operating System?. UNIX is an Operating System

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CSCI 330 The UNIX System

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  1. CSCI 330The UNIX System Dr. Reva Freedman Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois University Spring 2009

  2. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Introduction • What is an OS and what is it good for? • Where to get Linux • Basic commands • Getting help

  3. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System What is an Operating System? • UNIX is an Operating System • Software that manages (allocates and de-allocates) system resources in an efficient and secure manner

  4. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System System Resources Hardware Software System Software Application Software

  5. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System OBSOLETE TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS • Single-user, single-process operating systems: • allow only one user at a time on the computer system • user can execute/run only one process at a time Examples: DOS, Windows 3.1 • Single-user, multi-process operating systems: • allow a single user to use the computer system • user can run multiple processes at the same time Example: OS/2

  6. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System CURRENT OPERATING SYSTEMS • Multi-user, multi-process operating systems: • allow multiple users to use the computer system simultaneously • Each user can run multiple processes at the same time Examples: UNIX, Windows NT (2000, XP, Vista)

  7. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System UNIX Operating System • UNIX is a multi-user, multi-process operating system • UNIX is designed to facilitate programming, text processing and communication

  8. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System USES OF UNIX • User Support Tools • Text processing (vi, sed, awk) • Productivity applications • Programmer Support Tools • Programming languages & compilers (C, C++, Java) • Shell scripts • Personal software process: version control • Source Code Control System (SCCS) • Revision Control System (RCS) • Unix as server • Web server, mail server, application server

  9. WHERE TO GET LINUX • turing.cs.niu.edu or hopper.cs.niu.edu • secure login via ssh from another Linux machine • or Putty from Windows • Homework must run on these! • Install your own Linux system • Spare machine • Dual boot • Linux on a CD (slow) • Other • Cygwin: Unix utilities on Windows • Windows Services For Unix (for some versions of Windows) • MacOS 10 is Unix under the hood CSCI 330 - The UNIX System 9

  10. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System History of UNIX • Invented by Ken Thompson at AT&T in 1969 • First version written in assembly language • single user system, no network capability • Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan • rewrote Unix in C: processor/architecture independent • Unix evolution: • Bell Labs, USL, Novell, SCO • BSD, FreeBSD, Mach, OS X • AIX (IBM), Ultrix, Irix, Solaris (Sun), … • Linux: Linus Torvalds

  11. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System COMPONENTS OF UNIX

  12. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Linux Distributions • Base distributions: • Redhat • Debian • Suse • … • Derived distributions: • Fedora • Ubuntu • … • www.distrowatch.com

  13. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System UNIX Shell • traditional user interface • = the “command line” Features: • Interpret and execute commands • Command history and editing • Command scripting • Job control

  14. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System UNIX Shells • sh • Bourne shell: Steve Bourne, 1978 • Almquist shell (ash): BSD sh replacement • Bourne-Again shell (bash): GNU/Linux • csh • C shell, Bill Joy, BSD, 1978 • tcsh • Tenex C shell (tcsh): GNU/Linux • others: Korn shell (ksh), Zshell (zsh), …

  15. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Arguments can be: 1. More information 2. Object identifiers 3. Names of files Command name Command modifier; usually one character preceded by + or - sign Command prompt Command Line Structure % command [-options] [arguments] • UNIX is case sensitive • Must be a space between the command, options and arguments • No space between the plus or minus sign and the option letter • Fields enclosed in [ ] are optional

  16. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Command argument Command option Command name Option argument Command Line Example % sort list % sort -f list % sort -o sorted list

  17. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Correcting Mistakes • Again: UNIX is case sensitive (use lowercase)

  18. CORRECTING MISTAKES WITH EMACS COMMANDS • Certain emacs cmds can be used on the command line CSCI 330 - The UNIX System 18

  19. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Some Basic Commands passwd - change password ls - list files less - show content of file logout - logout from system date - display date and time who - display who is on the system clear - clear terminal screen script - make record of a terminal session uname -a - print current OS detail (version etc.) man - find and display system manual pages

  20. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Getting Help: System Manual

  21. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System RTFM: The man Command • show pages from system manual Syntax: man [options] [-S section] command-name % man date % man -k date % man crontab % man -S 5 crontab • Caveats: Some commands are aliases Some commands a part of shell

  22. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System More help: online • Some web sites • www.unixtools.com • www.ugu.com • www.unix-manuals.com • www.unixcities.com • www.tldp.org • www.linux.com • www.linux.org • linux.die.net • Or find your own: • Google command, arguments, error messages

  23. CSCI 330 - The UNIX System Summary • UNIX is multi-user multi-process OS • We are using two Linux machines • turing.cs.niu.edu and hopper.cs.niu.edu • Debian distribution

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