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7 : ð™M … rŒ … uþeyku

Äkuhý : 9. 7 : ð™M … rŒ … uþeyku. Mahendra Raval. Ãkuþe :-. Mk{k™ h[™k y™u Wí…r¥k ÄhkðŒk ŒÚkk r™rïŒ fkÞkuo fhŒk fku»kku™k Mk{qn™u Ãkuþe fnu Au. Ãkuþe :-. Ëhuf MkSð SðLk yuf fku»kÚke þY fhu Au. - yk fku»k™k ðkhtðkh rð¼ksLkÚke

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7 : ð™M … rŒ … uþeyku

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  1. Äkuhý : 9 7 : ð™M…rŒ …uþeyku Mahendra Raval

  2. Ãkuþe :- • Mk{k™ h[™k y™u Wí…r¥k ÄhkðŒk ŒÚkk r™rïŒ fkÞkuo fhŒk fku»kku™k Mk{qn™u Ãkuþe fnu Au.

  3. Ãkuþe :- • Ëhuf MkSð SðLk yuf fku»kÚke þY fhu Au. • - yk fku»k™k ðkhtðkh rð¼ksLkÚke yMktÏÞ fku»kkuLkwt rLk{kýo ÚkkÞ Au.

  4. Ãkuþe :- • - Mk{Þ síkkt íku{kt swËkt swËkt fkÞkuo {kxu íku{Lkk{kt h[Lkkí{f VuhVkh ÚkkÞ Au. • - yk{, rð¼uËLk ÚkE rðrðÄ fku»kMk{qnku yÂMíkíð{kt ykðu Au. • yk fku»kMk{qnkuLku Ãkuþe fnu Au.

  5. Interdependent systems sugars water

  6. Plant tissues • Dermal • “skin” of plant • single layer of tightly packed cells that covers & protects plant • Vascular • transport materials between roots & shoots • xylem & phloem • Ground • everything else: storage, photosynthetic • bulk of plant tissue

  7. ðLkMÃkrík Ãkuþe MÚkkÞe Ãkuþe ðÄoLkþeÕk Ãkuþe Mkh¤ MÚkkÞe Ãkuþe srxÕk MÚkkÞe Ãkuþe yøkúMÚk {wËwíkf sÕkðknf ÃkkïìMÚk MÚkqÕkfkuýf yÒkðknf ykLíkhrðü ËoZkuíkf

  8. {q¤k„ú • «hkunk„ú

  9. ðÄoLkþeÕk ÃkuþeLkk fku»kkuLkk Õkûkýku • - ÃkuþeLkk fku»kku Mk{kLk h[Lkk Ëþkoðu Au. • - fku»kku Sðtík nkuÞ Au yLku Ãkkík¤e fku»krËðkÕk Ähkðu Au. • - {kuxwt fku»kfuLÿ yLku fku»kku fku»khMkÚke ¼huÕk nkuÞ Au.

  10. ðÄoLkþeÕk ÃkuþeLkk fku»kkuLkk Õkûkýku • fku»kkuLke ðå[u yktíkhfku»keÞ yðfkþ nkuíkku LkÚke. • - fku»kku{kt hMkÄkLkeLkku y¼kð fu Mkqû{ fËLke hMkÄkLke nkuÞ Au. • - fku»kku økku¤kfkh, Õktçkøkku¤kfkh yLku çknwíkÕkeÞ nkuÞ Au. • - fku»kku Mkíkík, fku»krð¼ksLk Ãkk{ðkLkku økwýÄ{o Ähkðu Au.

  11. ðÄoLkþeÕk ÃkuþeLkk «fkhku : • - yøkúMÚk ðÄoLkþeÕk Ãkuþe : ðÄo{kLk «Ëuþ{kt MkkiÚke xku[ Ãkh nkuÞ Au. • - yktíkhŠðü ðÄoLkþeÕk Ãkuþe : çku MÚkkÞe ÃkuþeLke ðå[u hnuÕke nkuÞ Au. • - ÃkkïìMÚk ðÄoLkþeÕk Ãkuþe : ðLkMÃkrík ytøkku{kt Ãkkïì çkksw Ãkh økkuXðkÞ Au.

  12. Plant cell types in tissues

  13. {]Ëqíkf MÚkqÕkfkuýf

  14. Cross Section of a Stained Leaf

  15. {]Ëqíkf Ãkuþe

  16. {]Ëqíkf ÃkuþeLke h[Lkk : • - fku»kku Sðtík yLku SðhMkÚke ¼huÕk nkuÞ Au. • - fku»krËðkÕk MkuÕÞwÕkkuÍLke çkLkuÕke,Ãkkík¤e nkuÞ Au. • - fku»kku ðå[u MÃkü yktíkhfku»keÞ yðfkþ nkuÞ Au. • - fku»kkuLkk fku»khMk{kt {kuuxe hMkÄkLkeyku nkuÞ Au. • - fku»kku økku¤kfkh, çknwíkÕkeÞ- Õkktçkk yLku Mk{ÔÞkMke nkuÞ Au. • nrhíkÿÔÞ Þwfík nrhíkfý Ähkðíkk nkuÞ, íkku íkuLku nrhíkfýkuíkf fnu Au. íku «fkþMkt&Õku»kýLkwt fkÞo fhu Au.

  17. {]Ëqíkf ÃkuþeLkk fkÞkuo : • - ¾kuhkf™ku Mktøkún - WíÃkkËLk fhðkLkwt fkÞo fhu Au. • - íkuLkk fku»kku{kt xurLkLk, økwtËh hurÍLk, rðrðÄ MVrxfku yLku yfkçkorLkf ÿÔÞkuLkwt MktøkúnLkwt fkÞo fhu Au. • - yLÞ Ãkuþeyku ðå[u hne Ãkqhf Ãkuþe íkhefu ykÄkh ykÃkðkLkwt fkÞo fhu Au. • - sÕks ðLkMÃkríkyku{kt íku ðkÞw¥kf ÃkuþeLkk MðYÃku hne ðLkMÃkríkLkk sÕks ytøkkuLku íkkhfíkk çkûku Au.

  18. MÚkqÕkfkuýf Ãkuþe

  19. MÚkqÕkfkuýf ÃkuþeLke h[Lkk : • - fku»kku Sðíkt yLku SðhMkÚke ¼huÕk nkuÞ Au. • -yk ÃkuþeLkk fku»kku økku¤ fu Õktçkçkku¤ ykfkhLkk yLku Mk{ÔÞkMke nkuÞ Au. • MkuÕÞwÕkkuÍLke çkLkuÕke fku»krËðkÕk yLku fkuýeÞ rðMíkkh{kt ÃkìfrxLkLke s{kðx ÚkkÞ Au. • - ¾qýkuykuLkk ¼køk{kt MÚkqÕkLk ðÄw nkuðkÚke íkuLku MÚkq÷fkuýf Ãkuþe fnu Au. • - fku»kkuLke ðå[u yktíkhfku»keÞ yðfkþ nkuíkku LkÚke.

  20. MÚkqÕkfkuýf ÃkuþeLkk fkÞkuo : • MÚkqÕkfkuýf ÃkuþeLkwt {wÏÞ fkÞo Þktrºkf {sçkqíkkE yLku ÂMÚkríkMÚkkÃkfíkk (LkBÞíkk) Ãkqhe ÃkkzðkLkwt Au.

  21. ËoZkuíkf Ãkuþe scleroidal & Fibre Cells

  22. Sclerenchyma • Thick, rigid cell wall • lignin (wood) • mostly dead at maturity • Support cells • xylem vessel • fibers • rope fibers • sclereids • nutshells • seed coats • grittiness in pears

  23. Ground Tissue Sclerenchyma 1) Secondary cell wall (+ primary) 2) Dead at maturity (usually) Sclereids : yrcfku»kku Isodiametric to irregular

  24. ËoZkuíkf ÃkuþeLke h[Lkk : • - fku»kku Mkktfzk, Ãkkík¤k Auzk Ähkðíkk, ºkkfkfkh yLku Õkktçkk nkuÞ Au. íkuLku ËoZkuíkf íktíkwyku fnu Au. • - fku»kkuLke rËðkÕk Ãkh rÕkÂøLkLkLkwt MÚkqÕkLk. • - SðhMk Lkkþ Ãkk{íkkt rLkSoð fku»kku çkLku Au. • - yktíkhfku»keÞ yðfkþ nkuíkku LkÚke.

  25. ËoZkuíkf ÃkuþeLke h[Lkk : • - ðLkMÃkríkLkk çkkÌkf, fuLÿMÚk økh, çkesLkk çkeòðhý{kt yLku V¤kuLkk Ãkku[k økh{kt fuxÕkkf ¾kMk «fkhLkk ËoZkuíkf fku»kku ykðuÕk nkuÞ Au íkuLku yrüfku»kku fu fXfku fnu Au. • - yrcfku»kku su íku rðMíkkh{kt Þktrºkf {sçkqíkkE Ãkqhe Ãkkzu Au.

  26. ËoZkuíkf ÃkuþeLkk fkÞkuo : • - ËoZkuíkfLkwt {wÏÞ fkÞo ðLkMÃkríkLku Þktrºkf {sqçkíkkE yLku Mk¾íkkE (ËoZíkk) Ãkqhe ÃkkzðkLkwt Au.

  27. sÕkðknf Ãkuþe : • çkt½khý (h[Lkk) :(1) sÕkðkrnLkefe • (2) sÕkðkneLke • (3) sÕkðknf {]Ëwíkf (4) sÕkðknf ËoZkuíkf (íktíkwyku) • sÕkðkneLkefeyu yuffku»keÞ ½xf Au. • sÕkðkneLke yufÚke ðÄw fku»kku ðzu MkòoÞ Au.

  28. Xylem vessel elements tracheids dead cells water-conducting cells of xylem

  29. sÕkðknf Ãkuþe™k fkÞkuo : • íku{kt Ãkkýe yLku ÿkÔÞ ûkkhLkwt ðLkMÃkríkLkk {q¤Úke yLÞ ytøkku íkhV, QæðorËþk{kt ðnLk ÚkkÞ Au. • - íku ðLkMÃkrík ytøkkuLku Þktrºkf {sçkqíkkE Ãký Ãkqhe Ãkkzu Au.

  30. yÒkðknf Ãkuþe : • - yk ÃkuþeLkk fku»kku SðhMkÚke ¼huÕk yLku Sðtík nkuÞ Au. • -çktÄkhý :- [kÕkLkeLkrÕkfkyku • [kÕkLkefku»kku yLku MkkÚkefku»kku • yÒkðknf {]Ëwíkf yLku yÒkðknf ËoZkuíkf

  31. Phloem: food-conducting cells • sieve tube elements & companion cells

  32. yÒkðknf Ãkuþe : • - yuf{kºk yLLkðknf ËoZkuíkf {]ík ½xf Au. [kÕkLkefku»kku yuffku»ke nkuÞ Au. [kÕkLkeLkrÕkfk yk ÃkuþeLkku yøkíÞLkku ½xf Au. • [kÕkLkeLkrÕkfkykuLke yLkw«MÚk (ykze) ËeðkÕkrAÿku Ähkðíke [kÕkLkeÃkrèfkykuLke çkLkuÕke nkuÞ Au. • - fkÞo : íku ¾kuhkfLkk ðnLkLkwt fkÞo fhu Au.

  33. yÒkðknf Ãkuþe :

  34. Longitudinal View of Phloem Cells

  35. Parenchyma

  36. Primary Growth

  37. Collenchyma

  38. Those would’vebeen great names for my kids! Plant cell types in tissues • Parenchyma • “typical” plant cells = least specialized • photosynthetic cells, storage cells • tissue of leaves, stem, fruit, storage roots • Collenchyma • unevenly thickened primary walls = support • Sclerenchyma • very thick, “woody” secondary walls = support • rigid cells that can’t elongate • dead at functional maturity

  39. Tracheary Elements Tracheids - Imperforate Vessels - Perforate Angiosperms (most) Gnetales A few Monilophytes

  40. Protoxylem maturation

  41. Vascular tissue • Transports materials in roots, stems & leaves • Xylem • carry water& minerals up from roots • tube-shaped dead cells • only their walls provide a system of microscopic water pipes • Phloem • carry nutrients throughout plant • sugars (sucrose), amino acids… • tube-shaped living cells

  42. Phloem: food-conducting cells • sieve tube elements & companion cells

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