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Advanced Java Session 9

Advanced Java Session 9. New York University School of Continuing and Professional Studies. Objectives. Java and XML Introduction to XML Parsing XML Web publishing frameworks using XML/XSLT. Java and XML. Java – Portable Code XML – Portable Data XML for Presentation

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Advanced Java Session 9

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  1. Advanced JavaSession 9 New York University School of Continuing and Professional Studies

  2. Objectives • Java and XML • Introduction to XML • Parsing XML • Web publishing frameworks using XML/XSLT

  3. Java and XML • Java – Portable Code • XML – Portable Data • XML for Presentation • XML for Communication/Integration XML data DB Server server1 db server 2

  4. What is XML Meta language – that is used to define other languages Markup language that specifies neither the tag set, nor the grammar

  5. XML <?xml version=”1.0”?> <dining-room> <table type=”round” wood=”maple”> <manufacturer>The Wood Shop</manufaturer> <price>$1999.99</price> </table> <char wood=”maple”> <quantity>2</quantity> <quality>excellent</quality> <cushion included=”true”>

  6. XML <color>blue</color> </cushion> </chair> <chair wood=”oak”> <quantity>3</quantity> <quality>average</quality> </chair> </dining-room>

  7. Related Acronyms • PI – Processing Instruction • Provide information to the application – parsers just pass them on to the application • <?xml: --- is for the parser • DTD – Document Type Definition • Establishes a set of constraints • Defines valid elements – and valid attributes • Namespaces – scope • Provides a way to distinguish tags by the same name

  8. Related Acronyms • XSL and XSLT – Extensible Stylesheet Language, Transformation • Provides a mechanism to convert an XML document to other formats such as HTML, PDF, WML etc. • XPath – XML Path Language • A specification to locate a specific item within an XML document – used heavily in XSL

  9. Related Acronyms • XML Schema • Upcoming replacement for DTD • XQL • Query language with functionality of SQL • XSP • Similar to Java Server pages except that the xsps are “xml” documents with embedded java code.

  10. Constraining XML • Document Type Definition – DTD • Specify elements • Specify element hierarchy (nesting) • Specify textual data - #PCDATA • Keyword ANY says anything • Keyword EMPTY says “empty” • Entity references with <!ENTITY &amp • ? -- oncr or not at all • + -- 1 to n times • * -- 0 to n times

  11. Attributes • <!ATTLIST [Enclosing Element] [Attr name] [type] [modifiers] Attribute Types – CDATA “name=“ in HTML enumeration “align=“ in HTML #IMPLIED #REQUIRED #FIXED

  12. Parsing XML • Two models for parsing XML • DOM – Document Object Model – creates a tree view of the XML document. Entire document is loaded. • SAX – Simple API for XML – much more popular.

  13. Document Object Model • A set of interfaces and classes • Building the document tree DOMParser parser = new DOMParser(); parser.parse(uri); Document doc = parser.getDocument(); • Traverse the tree recursively based on node type – • DOCUMENT_NODE • ELEMENT_NODE • TEXT_NODE, • CDATA_SECTION_NODE • PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE • ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE • DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE

  14. SAX • Event based API for parsing XML documents • Set of interfaces and classes – • ContentHandler • ErrorHandler

  15. SAX ContentHandler • startDocument() • endDocument() • processingInstruction() • startPrefixMapping() • endPrefixMapping() • startElement() • endElement() • characters() • ignorableWhitespace()

  16. SAX ErrorHandler • warning() • error() • fatalError()

  17. SAX Parsing Example XMLReader parser = (XMLReader) Class.forName(parserName).newInstance(); parser.setContentHandler(counter); parser.setErrorHandler(counter); parser.parse(uri);

  18. XSL template XSL is XML Locate a particular element or set of elements within the input XML document and apply a rule or set of rules <xsl:template match=“Book”> <!---- rules for formatting the book -- </xsl:template>

  19. XSL control structures <xsl:apply-templates [select=“e”]/> <xsl:value-of select=“element”/> <xsl:for-each select=“element”> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:if test=“@attr=‘value’”> </xsl:if> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test=“@attr=‘value’”> <xsl:otherwise>

  20. XSL elements <xsl:element name=font> <xsl:attribute name=size> 5 </xsl:attribute> hello </xsl:element> <xsl:copy-of select=“*” />

  21. XSL Transformation XML document Transformation XML document XSL stylesheet

  22. XSL Transformer • TransformerFactory • Transformer • StreamSource • StreamResult

  23. Simple Transformation TransformerFactory tFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); Transformer transformer = tFactory.newTransformer ( new StreamSource("birds.xsl")); transformer.transform( new StreamSource("birds.xml"), new StreamResult( new FileOutputStream("birds.out")));

  24. Thank you

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