Unit III Technology

1. Unit IIITechnology By: Patrick Valencia and Lauren Stiehle

2. The World Economy • 15th century • Deep draft, round hulled sailing ships for Atlantic- can carry armaments • Compass (from China) • Mapmaking improved • Knowledge of explosives led to gunnery (Europe had first guns and cannons) • Europe’s new technology gave them the ability to kill and intimidate from a distance

3. Transformation of the West • 15th Century • Printing press by Johannes Guttenberg • Books were distributed faster, ideas were spread • 1500 • The West improved pulleys and pumps in mines • Forge stronger iron products

4. Russia • Peter the Great-17th Century • Peter traveled incognito to the West and gained an interest in science and technology • Brought ship building from Holland • Sparked Russian interest in Western science and technology • metallurgical and mining industries were expanded

5. Early Latin America • Indians were selective in choosing technology from Europeans • Lack of machinery led to forced labor • In Latin America the conquerors triumphed because of their horses, better weapons • Mining techniques were European • The discovery of extensive mercury deposits was vital for silver extraction • Bourbon reforms • Mining revived with new discoveries worked by improved technology

6. Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade • The Asante gained access to firearms after 1650; • By the 1720s, access to firearms led to the formation of an autocratic regime based on trading slaves • Art, crafts, weaving, and wood carving flourished in many regions • Benin and the Yoruba states created remarkable wood and ivory sculptures. • The Bantu worked iron and copper

7. The Muslim Empires • Firearms spurned the 3 gunpowder empires to come about, expand, and survive • Control of artillery and firearms determined who had the power • Suleyman built the great Suleymaniye mosque in the sixteenth century • The Battle of Chaldiran demonstrated that firearms were a decisive factor in warfare • Technology was used to reorganize their land and naval forces • India fell behind Europe in invention and the sciences • Decline of gunpowder empires- Little effort made to incorporate European technological advances

8. Asian Transitions in and Age of Global Change • China, in the east, manufactured paper, porcelain, and silk textiles • China possessed vast internal resources and advanced technology • Possessed huge fleets of large ships, demonstrating a Chinese potential for global expansion unmatched by other contemporary nations

9. Change and Continuity Over Time • Russia- because of Peter the Great’s travels to Europe, Westernization occurred throughout Russia • West- cultural diffusion was a result of the iron from India • Germany improved the earlier Chinese version of the printing press • The entire world continued to make advances in the areas of shipbuilding and sea travel

10. Change and Continuity Over Time • Mining took over as a major industry in Japan and the Spanish Americas due to the improved mining technologies • In Africa, the Asante gained access to firearms which led to a more centralized autocratic regime • The Muslim empires came about and continued to exist due to their use of firearms and artillery

11. Compare and Contrast • Russia became more like Western Europe but failed to incorporate the new technologies the West was creating • Introduction of firearms in Western Europe and the Muslim Empires gave them advantages in warfare, leading to their domination of local people • The Asante were one of the few African peoples who were able to get gunpowder • Unlike the other areas of the world who had access to technological innovations, Early Latin America and most of Africa had to resort to forced labor