UNIT 3 COMPUTER AND INTERNET

1. UNIT 3 COMPUTER AND INTERNET SECTION A LISTENING AND PEAKING TOPIC ： Congratulations And Wishes

2. Part One：SPEAKING • New words and expressions deserve /di'Zǝ:V/ vt.应得; 应受(赏罚等) TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language • Leading in I. Do you know what kinds of words or sentences you can use when you make congratulations or wishes? • Congratulation

3. Congratulations! Let me congratulate you on your success. You’ve got the first prize, congratulation to you! You win! Good for you! Congratulations on your success! I believe you could win! You deserve the honor! • Wishes Many happy returns.

4. Hope you’ll get well soon. Have a good day. I wish you the best of health. I hope you have a pleasant journey home. Best wishes! Wish you every happiness! • Language Sample • II. Dialogue model about congratulation and wishes，listen to the tape and then repeat it twice.

5. 1、A: I have passed TOFEL Examination and I can study abroad. B: Oh, your are so great! Congratulations A: Thank you. I’m so excited now. B: I hope you achieve more. Good luck. A: Sure, I will. • 2、A: Are you getting better now, Sophia? B: Much better. Thanks for your concern. A: Hope you’ll get well soon. B: I hope so too. Thank you.

6. Speaking improvement • III. Activities in pairs or groups • Task 1. Act out the dialogue（or passage） above , role-playing. • Task 2. Retell the dialogue（or passage） above. • Task 3. Create a new dialogue according to the one above.

7. PART TWO LISTENING • New words and expressions quilt /kwilt/ n.被子, 鸭绒被; 被状物 mess /mes/ n. 混乱 rolling /'rǝuliŋ/ adj. 旋转的; 滚动的 fade /feid/ vi. 枯萎, 凋谢; 褪色; 逐渐消失; 逝去 fake /feik/ n.假货, 欺骗, 诡计 a. 假的 gallery /'gælǝri/ n.走廊, 美术陈列室 entertainment /entǝ'teiment/ n.娱乐; 消遣, 娱乐活动, 文娱节目 quiz /kwiz/ n.测验

8. I. Listen to a group of words, then make your choice. 1. A. pupil B. paper C. pencil D. pair 2. A. quilt B. quality C. quite D. quit 3. A. glass B. class C. plus D .mess 4. A. walk B. work C. weak D. worker 5. A. rule B. role C. rock D. rolling 6. A. food B .foot C. fade D. fake Keys: 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C

9. II. Listen to the following sentences twice, fill in the missing words. 1、London is the ____ of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2、Each year, millions of tourists was ___by its historic sights. 3、London is a ___ , lively city as well as a historic city. 4、London has so many fine _____________ and art galleries. 5、Few other cities ____________ such a variety of plays and other entertainment. keys: 1.captial 2. attracted 3. large 4. museums 5. offer

10. III. Listen to a conversation twice, and choose the best answer to each of the questions you have heard. • A: This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? • B: This is Hank speaking. • A: Hello, Hank. • B: Mary, I heard you passed the National Entrance Examinations. Congratulations! • A: Thank you. Now I’m considering which college I would choose. • B: Do you have ideal universities now?

11. A: Yes. I want to make a choice between Nanjing University and Wuhan University. • B: Oh. They are both very good universities in China. • A: Yes, so it’s difficult to make choice. • B: I know you never leave your hometown, and Wuhan is far away from your home, while Nanjing is near • A: I like Wuhan , but I don’t want to live in a city which is too far away from my hometown. • B: So you should consider carefully. Wish you good luck. • A: Thanks a lot.

12. Questions: 1. A. a little quiz B. a English test C. the National Entrance Examination D. a math test 2. A. Wuhan B. Nanjing C. Beijing D. Shanghai 3. A. difficult B. easy C. necessary D. happy 4. A. Nanjing B. Wuhan C. Not mentioned D. Beijing 5. A. Teacher and student B. Friends C. Brother and sister D. Father and daughter Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B

13. IV. Listen to the following passage twice, and answer the questions. In general, American food is mild tasting , most Americans do not season their food to any great degree. Salad is very popular and served all year, but especially in Summer. Most Americans eat breakfast and lunch quickly unless it is a social, business or family occasion. The evening meal, however, is usually longer and a time for the family to gather together. Two of the most popular American foods are hot dogs and hamburgers. A hot dog is usually made either from beef or pork, or a combination of the two, but a hamburger is beef. Both are severed on a bread roll, hot dogs on a long roll and hamburgers on a round roll.

14. Questions: 1. Which kind of food is served all year, especially in summer? 2. In most cases, do most Americans eat breakfast and lunch quickly? 3. What are the most popular American foods? 4. What does a hamburger make from? Keys:1. Salad 2.Yes 3. Hamburger and hot dog 4. Beef

15. UNIT 3 COMPUTER AND INTERNET SECTION B Reading

16. Part One Intensive ReadingTopic The Computer Is Down • Warming Up Nowadays, people depend on the computer so deeply that almost all the businesses have to be done with it, especially in public places. Surely, the computer has brought us a lot of convenience. But have you thought about the question: What will happen if the computer is down? The answer may be something we should worry about.

17. 1 Recently, when my old mother called for a doctor’s appointment, it couldn’t be done because “the computer system is down”. My bank teller told me I could not make a depositbecause the computer system wasn’t working. To keep track of my work activity, I rely on an internal software system, which lately didn’t work, and I was “blinded”, helpless to communicate. • 2 These examples are the general condition of an advanced technological society dependent on computers as the primary means of communication. So dependent are we that without them, we are deaf, dumb, and blind. • 3 I can say we are now living in a computer dictatorship in which people cannot get rid of the

18. control of computers. If a computer allows a blind man to see with new computer glasses or monitors the heartbeat of someone with heart disease, the computer is not merely one of many technological choices. The wonders the machine offers come with an attendant dependency. • 4 What I consider critical is to know computer reliance and have a willingness to find out ways for remediation. • 5 There is an emergingmilitary situation. All the services rely on computers for information gathering, targeting, force deployment, etc. The sophistication of a nation’s computer systems gives it a large strategicadvantage over its enemies.

19. 6 But the enemies also realize that cheap countermeasures such as a computer virus can destroy the seemingly invulnerable giant. • 7 Contributing to the self-satisfaction is the relative ease with which the world adapted to Y2K fears. Planes didn’t fall, banks didn’t close, and the food stock continued to be sent to markets. The naive belief that stepping into the year 2000 would be disastrouslydisruptive has quickly given way to the naive belief that reliance on computers is risk free. • 8 While technological introduction was free choice at first, its widespread use and the dependency that creates foster a form of social dictatorship. A nation cannot live without computers. Computers are masters and slaves at the same time. Moreover, this cannot change; I don’t propose returning to the

20. ancient time. But it is important to consider the consequences of computer reliance. • 9 What happens when computers don’t work? How are we affected? Is life different during “down time”? Who are our programmers, and are they essential in the “new” economy? • 10 None of these questions is easily answered. Yet they should be asked, in part, because computerization is affecting us in many ways. A person who doesn’t ask these questions is vulnerable to potentially damaging and possibly risky forces. Better to know what we are getting into than to arrive at a new age thoroughly unprepared for what waits for us.

21. New words • deposit /di'pɔzit / n. money that is stored in the bank or will be owed存款；定金 • track /træk/n. line or series of marks left by a vehicle, person, animal, etc in passing along足迹；线索 • internal /in'tə:nl/adj. of or in the inside 内部的 • dictatorship /dik'teitəʃip/ n. (country with) government by a ruler who has absolute authority 独裁政治；独裁国家 • merely /'miəil/ adv. only 仅仅 • attendant /ə'tendənt/ adj. accompanying伴随的；随之而来的 • critical /'kritikl/ adj of or at a crisis关键的

22. remediation [rimi:di'eiʃən/ n. putting right弥补； 补救 • emerge /i'mə:ʤ/ v. come into view出现 • target /'ta:git/ v. search for objective 寻找目标 • deployment /dip'lɔimənt/ n. action of spreading out of military troops部署 • sophistication /səfistikeiʃən/ n. complexion复杂 • strategic /strə'ti:ʤik/ adj. of serving the purpose of war战略的 • virus /'vaiərəs/ n. any of various poisonous elements causing the spread of infectious disease病毒 • invulnerable /in'vʌlnərəbl/ adj. that cannot be wounded or hurt无懈可击的

23. ease [i:z] n freedom from work, discomfort, trouble, difficulty轻松 • adapt /ə'dæpt/ v. make suitable适应 • naive /nai'i:v/ adj. natural and innocent in speech and behavior天真的；质朴的 • disastrously /d'isa:strəsli/ adv. misfortunely灾难性地 • disruptive /disr'ʌptiv/ adj. causing breaking up or separation破坏的 • foster /f'ɔ:stə/ v. care for; help the growth and development培养；抚育 • vulnerable /vʌlnərəbl/ adj. that is liable to be damaged脆弱的；易受伤害的 • risky /'riski/ adj. full of danger 冒险的；危险的

24. Phrases and Expressions • 1. make a deposit 存款；付定金 • 2. keep track of 跟上……的进展；保持与……联系；弄清楚 • 3. dependent on 依赖；依靠 • 4. contribute to 有助于；是……的部分原因 • 5. give way to 让位；让路 • 6. in part

25. Notes • 1. Contributing to the self-satisfaction is the relative ease with the world adapted to Y2K fears. Y2K fears：即对千年虫的恐惧 世界相对轻松地适应了Y2K恐惧是导致这种自满情绪的部分原因。 • 2. Is life different during “down time”? “during down time” means when the computer is down. （计算机坏了）生活会有什么不同？

26. Exercises • 1. Judge each of the following statements is true or false. 1) ( )“The computer is down” means that “The computer has stopped working.” 2) ( )According to the text, people all over the world are too dependent on the computer. 3) ( )The writer thinks that the key is to know computer reliance and find ways and have willingness to solve the problem. 4) ( )There is no risk while people use computers. 5) ( )The writer is against using the computer and going back to the ancient time. 6) ( )We must be clear about what the computer has brought us. Keys: T T T F F T

27. 2. Choose the best choice to fill in the blanks. • 1) If you always lock yourself in your room, you can’t keep theof the development of the society. A step B track C gap D movement • 2) You’d better preview what you will learn next time, don’t be unpreparedanything. A of B to C with D for • 3) It shows that you lack confidence if you always give way other people’s opinions. A in B toward C to D from • 4) Don’t rely others too deeply to help you whenever you are in trouble.

28. A on B with C in D over • 5) His fluent English gives him an advantage his classmates. A on B with C in D over • 6) If someone wants to borrow a tool from the lab, he must a deposit. A take B give C make D bring • 7) Woods here are vulnerable destruction. A in B to C within D from • 8) The team leader proposed out tomorrow. A to start B starting C started D starts

29. Keys:1-5 BDCAD 6-8 CBB • 3.Fill in each of the blanks with the correct form of the given word. • 1) He is a person who can’t express his (affect) to his family members. • 2) You must make an (appoint) with the manager because he is very busy. • 3) The secret of being happy is to fill your life with (active). • 4) The teacher told the students not to (dependence) on their parents all the time. • 5) She is (willingness) to help these poor children. • 6) The subject is too (sophistication) for me to understand. • 7) Tom is very interested in the computer and he wants to be a computer (program) in the future. • 8) He is always blamed because he usually does his work (prepare).

30. Keys:1. affection 2. appointment 3. activities 4. depend 5. willing 6. sophisticated 7. programmer 8. unprepared • 4. Translate the following English sentences. • 1) To keep track of my work activity, I rely on an internal software system, which lately didn’t work, and I was “blinded”, helpless to communicate. • 2) So dependent are we that without them, we are deaf, dumb, and blind. • 3) The wonders the machine offers come with an attendant dependency. • 4) The sophistication of a nation’s computer systems gives it a large strategic advantage over its enemies. • 5) Contributing to the self-satisfaction is the relative ease with which the world adapted to Y2K fears.

31. Keys:1.为了了解我的工作情形，我依赖一个内部软件系统，但不知什么原因，最近它瘫痪了，我成了“瞎子”，无法进行交流。Keys:1.为了了解我的工作情形，我依赖一个内部软件系统，但不知什么原因，最近它瘫痪了，我成了“瞎子”，无法进行交流。 2) 我们是如此地依赖计算机，以至于没有它，我们就又聋、又哑、又瞎了。 3) 电脑给人们带来了奇迹，同时也使人们对它产生了依赖心理。 4) 一个国家精密的电脑系统使它比对手拥有巨大的战略优势。 5) 世界相对轻松地适应了Y2K恐惧是导致这种自满情绪的部分原因。 • 5.Translate the following Chinese sentences. • 1) 自信和勤奋使他在工作中取得了很大进步。 (contribute to) • 2) 丰富的工作经验使他比其他面试者占有优势。 ( give an advantage over) • 3) 所有部门在这几天都要为高考提供方便。（give way to） • 4) 在他的童年时代，父母就开始培养他的音乐才能。（foster）

32. Keys:1) Self-confidence and hard-working contributed to his great progress in his work. 2) His rich work experience gives him an advantage over the other interviewees. 3) All the sectors should give way to the College Entrance Examination. 4) In his childhood, his parents began to foster his musical ability.

33. 6. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the computer with the following words and expressions. • convenience get information chat online do shopping read books • see films conduct business vision setback human interaction • addicted

34. 参考译文 • 前不久，我年迈的母亲要预约医生，却没有约成，因为“电脑系统坏了”。银行出纳员告诉我不能存款，因为电脑系统不运转了。为了了解我的工作情形，我依赖一个内部软件系统，但不知什么原因，最近它瘫痪了，我成了“瞎子”，无法进行交流。 • 在一个以电脑作为信息档案库和主要通讯手段的先进技术社会里，上面这些例子只是一般情形。我们是如此地依赖计算机，以至于没有它，我们就又聋、又哑、又瞎了。 • 我敢说，我们现在正生活在电脑统治的天下，人们不能按照自己的意愿摆脱电脑的控制。假如一台电脑能使一位盲人通过电脑眼镜看东西，或者使一个心脏病患者心博得到控制，那么使用电脑就不单纯是一种技术上的选择了。电脑给人们带来了奇迹，同时也使人们对它产生了依赖心理。

35. 我认为，关键是要认识到这种电脑依赖性并积极主动地去制定补救方案。我认为，关键是要认识到这种电脑依赖性并积极主动地去制定补救方案。 • 军事上有一个新出现的类似情形。所有军事部门都依靠电脑进行情报收集、目标瞄准及军队部署等。一个国家精密的电脑系统使它比对手拥有巨大的战略优势。 • 但是，敌人同样会意识到，一些对抗手段，如计算机病毒，无需很大代价，就会把看起来坚不可摧的巨人击垮。 • 世界相对轻松地适应了Y2K恐惧是导致这种自满情绪的部分原因。飞机没有坠毁，银行没有倒闭，食品继续供应市场。人们消除了进入2000年将会遭受灾难性破坏的天真信念，却迅速代之以依靠计算机不会有风险的另一个天真信念。 • 虽然技术的引进最初是自由的选择，但是技术的广泛运用及其带来的依赖性助长了一种社会独裁形

36. 形式。离开了电脑，一个国家就无法生存；计算机既是奴隶，也是主人。而且这种状况不会改变；我不是提议重返古代。但是，考虑电脑依赖性所衍生的后果的确至关重要。形式。离开了电脑，一个国家就无法生存；计算机既是奴隶，也是主人。而且这种状况不会改变；我不是提议重返古代。但是，考虑电脑依赖性所衍生的后果的确至关重要。 • 电脑坏了会发生什么情况？我们会受到什么影响？生活会有什么不同？谁是我们的程序员，在“新”经济中，他们是不是不可缺？ • 这些问题哪一个回答起来也不容易。不过，这些问题都该问，部分原因是电脑化从诸多方面影响我们。一个人，如果不问这些问题，面对那些潜在的破坏力量以及可能导致灾难的力量就会无能为力。知道我们正在陷入什么之中总比来到一个新时代却对什么在等待我们毫无准备为好。

37. Part Two Extensive Reading Internet Its History and Use • New words and Expressions • postal /pustl/ a.邮政的 邮局的 • participate /ptisipeit/ v. 参加 参与 • format /fmt/ n.式 样式 • video /vidiu/ n.录像 • entertainment /entteinmnt/ n. 娱乐 文艺节目 • view /vju/ v.观察查看 • community /kmjuniti/ n.社区 • resource /riss/ n.资源 财力 • statistics /sttistiks/ n.统计 统计资料 • encyclopedia /ensaiklupidj/ n.百科全书 • reference /refrns/ n.参考 参考书 • access /kses/ v.接近 进入通道 • pal /pl/ n.好友 伙伴

38. 1 When we talk about getting online, we mean being connected to the Internet—a giant network of computers that connects people and information all over the world. The Internet has a lot in common with other forms of communication: • 2 Like the U.S. postal service, the Internet allows anyone who knows your Internet address to send you a letter. (it’s called electronic mail or e-mail for short) Like the telephone, the Internet allows you to “chat” with other people by participating in online discussing groups. • 3 Like the library, the Internet contains information on almost any topic you can imaging in many formats, including books, articles, videos, and music recordings. • 4 Like the newspaper, the Internet can give you new information every day, including world news, business, sports, travel, entertainment, and ads.

39. 5 In addition to words, one part of the Internet---the World Wide Web (often shortened to WWW or the Web)---is especially interesting to people because it includes pictures and sounds. • 6 The Internet began in the 1960s as a U.S. Department of Defense communication network. Soon after, university researchers and professors began to use it to communicate with others in their fields. Internet use really took off in the early 1990s with the arrival of the Web, which made it easier to find and view information online. Today, millions of people throughout the world are connected to the Internet. No one is in charge of the Internet; it’s growing and its format and content is being changed by its users every day. • 7 A computer that is connected to the Internet allows your home, community center, local library, or school to turn to a place of unlimited information and communication. The Internet can help your family:

40. 8 Find educational resources, including up-to-the-minute news, copies of important documents and photos, and collections of research information on topics ranging from weather conditions to population statistics. • 9 Get help with homework through online encyclopedias and other reference materials and access to experts. Increase reading skills by providing access to interesting material and suggestions for additional reading. • 10 Improve technology and information skills necessary to find and use information, and meet a growing demand for these skills in the workplace. Connect with places around the world to exchange mails with electronic pen pals and to learn about other cultures and traditions.

41. I. Decide whether the statements are true or false according to the text. • 1.The Internet is one form of communication. • 2.The Internet makes it possible for anyone who knows your home address to send you an e-mail. • 3.As a result of the arrival of the Web, millions of people in the world began to use the Internet. • 4.Students can make computers do homework for them by getting online. • 5.The Web seems to be more important than the Internet. • 6.The Internet was first used in the U.S. Army. • 7.From the Internet, you can get research information on a wide range of topics. • Keys: TFFT FTTT

42. II. Translate the first paragraph into Chinese with the help of a dictionary • Keys: II.我们谈到上网的时候，意思是说与英特网实现了连接----英特网是一个将人们与世界的信息连接起来的巨大的计算机网络。英特网与其它的通讯形式有许多共同之处. • Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the given words. • all been choice from get mean once over right so that their to under why • Young people often make their parents angry at their 1) ____ in clothes, in music, and in entertainment. But they do not 2) _____ to make any trouble; it is just 3) _____ they feel cut off 4) _____ the older people’s world, into which they have not 5) _____ accepted. That’s 6) _____ young people want to make a new culture of 7) _____ own. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this makes them extremely happy. A young man

43. 8) _____ said, “Sometimes you are 9) _____ proud of yourself that do not want your parents to agree 10) ____ what you do. 11) ____ you want is to be left alone and do what you like. This is natural enough, after being a child for so many years when you were completely 12) _____ your parents’ control.” To these youngsters, my advice is this: “If you plan to control your own life, you’d better win your parents 13) _____ and try to 14) _____ them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the 15) _____ to do what you want to do. Keys: 1). choice 2). mean 3). that 4). From 5). been 6). why 7). their 8). once 9). so 10). to 11). All 12). under 13). over 14). get 15). right

44. 参考译文 英特网：历史与作用 • 我们谈到上网的时候，意思是说与英特网实现了连接----英特网是一个将人们与世界的信息连接起来的巨大的计算机网络。英特网与其它的通讯形式有许多共同之处： • 同美国邮政管理局一样， 英特网允许任何知道你网址的人给你发信（所发的信称为电子邮件，或简称e-mail）。 • 同打电话一样，英特网能够让你通过与网上交谈小组而与他人“聊天”。 • 同图书馆一样，英特网上包含了你能想象出的几乎任何话题的信息，且形式多样，包括书籍；文章；录像；音乐录像带。

45. 同报纸一样，英特网每天都能够向你提供新的信息，包括世界新闻；商业；体育；旅游；娱乐和广告方面的内容。同报纸一样，英特网每天都能够向你提供新的信息，包括世界新闻；商业；体育；旅游；娱乐和广告方面的内容。 • 除了文字内容之外，英特网的一个组成部分万维网（通常缩写为WWW或者the Web）尤其引起人们的兴趣，因为它还包括图像和声音。 • 英特网始于20世纪60年代，当时是作为美国国防部的一个通讯网络。 不久，大学的研究人员和教授们开始将它用于同行间的通讯联系。随着万维网的出现，英特网的应用在20世纪90年代初期真正开始突飞猛进，万维网使得网上搜寻和浏览信息更为简便。今天，世界上无数的人都与英特网联网。没有人专门负责英特网；英特网一直在不断地扩大，其用户每天都在改变着它的形式和内容。

46. 连接英特网的电脑使你的家；社区中心；地方图书馆或学校成了一个拥有无限信息交流系统的场所。英特网能够帮助你的家人：连接英特网的电脑使你的家；社区中心；地方图书馆或学校成了一个拥有无限信息交流系统的场所。英特网能够帮助你的家人： • 寻找教育资源，包括最新的消息；重要文件的拷贝和照片以及天气情况到人口统计方面的研究资料汇集。 • 做家庭作业时可通过网上查阅百科全书和其它参考资料以及进入专家通道从而获得帮助。利用网上获取有趣资料和补充读物介绍的便利，提高阅读技能。 • 提高查找和应用信息的技术和信息技能，满足人们在工作中对于这些技能不断增强的要求。与世界上的其它地区建立联系，与电子笔友交换信件，以及了解其它的文化和传统。

47. UNIT 3 COMPUTER AND INTERNET SECTION C Grammar, Writing, Translation and Reading Skills

48. Part One GrammarParticiple (分词) • 一、构成 分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。以动词do为例，过去分词只有一种形式，就是done。现在分词的各种形式如下：

49. 二、句法功能 分词可以有宾语和状语，构成分词短语。分词或分词短语在句子中起形容词和副词的作用，通常在句子中作表语、定语、状语和补足语。现在分词一般有主动的意义，表示正在进行的动作。而过去分词则含有被动意义，表示动作已经完成。 1. 表语 现在分词作表语说明主语所具有的特征，过去分词则表示主语所处的状态。一般来说，表示情感的动词用于人时多用过去分词形式，用于物时多用现在分词。 The game seems interesting. They are interested in the game.

50. She looks depressed. • 2. 定语 一般情况下，单个的分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语。现在分词作定语表示主动、进行的动作，说明所修饰词的性质或特征，过去分词作定语表示被动、完成的动作。 What’s the problem discussed at the meeting yesterday? He is a promising young man. In the late autumn, there are fallen leaves everywhere. Who is the man calling you just now?