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Birdy

Birdy. Stars Nicolas Cage Matthew Modine Director: Alan Parker Angela's Ashes, Evita, Bugsy Malone The Road to Wellville, The Commitments, Mississippi Burning, Midnight Express, Pink Floyd The Wall, Fame. Birdy. Based on 1978 Novel By William Wharton Born Albert William du Aime

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Birdy

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  1. Birdy Stars Nicolas Cage Matthew Modine Director: Alan Parker Angela's Ashes, Evita, Bugsy Malone The Road to Wellville, The Commitments, Mississippi Burning, Midnight Express, Pink Floyd The Wall, Fame

  2. Birdy • Based on 1978 Novel • By William Wharton • Born Albert William du Aime • UCLA: B.A. Art;Psychology Ph.D. • Died 10/29/2008 • Novel about World War II Veterans • Movies from other novels: “Dad” and “A Midnight Clear”

  3. Agenda Have fun • Watching movie • Learning • Joining conversation

  4. After the movie.. • PTSD Clinical issues, day-to-day veterans’ issues, cinematic considerations • Matt Miller, LCSW;Veterans Administration --Clinical considerations  • Tom Price, LCSW,Veteran, St. Patrick Center --Realities for returned veterans

  5. History of PTSD • DSM posttraumatic stress disorder • ICD post-traumatic stress disorder • Elsewhere, post traumatic stress disorder

  6. PTSD • Term created in the mid-1970s, • Officially added as Anxiety Disorder DSM-III (1980) • DSM-5 (2013) created new category: Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

  7. PTSD-like descriptions • Ancient Egypt • Greece • Rome • India • Elizabethan England

  8. Herodotus • In battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. • Athenian warrior went permanently blind • although “wounded in no part of his body.” • When he saw nearby comrade killed

  9. Oddysey • 3-week trip home from the Trojan War becomes a ten-year journey • To avoid dangers of Scylla and Charybdis, • do not resist the dangers (much as modern trauma sufferers must overcome their resistance to memories of the traumatic stressors).

  10. Oddysey • Sorceress Circe admonishes him, • "Do the works of war concern you still, and toil? • He is tempted by Sirens and the addictive lotus fruit

  11. First Medical Terminology Swiss Military Physicians-1678 • melancholy • incessant thinking of home • disturbed sleep or insomnia • weakness • loss of appetite • anxiety • cardiac palpitations • stupor • Fever

  12. First Medical Terminology “Nostalgia”

  13. Nostalgia 1863 • Public outcry about numerous “insane soldiers” wandering around • First military hospital for the insane • Most common diagnosis: Nostalgia.

  14. French Doctors: maladie du pays, (Disease of the Country) • German doctors: heimweh (Homesick)

  15. American Civil War military physicians diagnosed • paralysis • tremors • self-inflicted wounds • nostalgia

  16. American Civil War • Jacob Mendes Da Costa-1871 Study • Identified “Soldier’s Heart” • (DaCosta’s Syndrome)severe palpitations; an ailment of the sympathetic nervous system • Soldiers on normal leave often collapsed with emotional illness at home, even when asymptomatic on duty

  17. 1901 Schreckneurosen • Bruns and Stierlin studied the symptoms of survivors of volcanic eruptions and mining accidents • they coined the term "Schreckneurosen"- the terror neuroses.

  18. Russian Army of 1905 • First army to determine that mental collapse was a direct consequence of the stress of war and to regard it as a legitimate medical condition • German physician Honigman served with Red Cross there, and coined the term “war neurosis” [Kriegsneurose]

  19. World War I • High psychiatric casualties attributed to the new large-caliber artillery. • Believed the impact of the shells produced a concussion • Thus the term “shell shock” • Freud:“war neurosis”caused by conflict between a soldier’s “war ego” and his “peace ego.”

  20. World War II • 1945, Grinker and Spiegel : • “Combat… or Battle Stress” • “Combat Exhaustion” • “Acute combat reaction" • “Battle Fatigue”

  21. 1952 DSM-I • “Gross Stress Reaction” • …exposed to severe physical demands or extreme emotional stress, such as in combat or in civilian catastrophe (fire, earthquake, explosion, etc) • [may be] “previously…normal” • The particular stress involved will be specified as (1)combat or (2) civilian catastrophe

  22. DSM-II -1968 • 307.3 Adjustment Reaction of Adult Life • [different coding for different life stages] • Example: Fear associated with military combat and manifested by trembling, running, and hiding.

  23. First Medical Terminology “Nostalgia”

  24. PTSD—Back to Today • Term created in the mid-1970s, • Officially added as Anxiety Disorder DSM-III (1980) • DSM-5 (2013) created new category: Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

  25. Clinical Considerations • In what ways was Al prepared and unprepared for the stress of combat before he joined the Army? • How should we diagnose Al, if at all? • How should we diagnose Birdy? • Does Birdy's behavior in the asylum correspond with dissociation, or is it more like a form of catatonia?

  26. Clinical Considerations • How does Birdy’s pre-military behavior relate to his post-deployment behavior, if at all? • Did the movie portray Birdy's pre- and post-deployment behaviors as maladaptive coping, or someone "being himself?"

  27. Clinical Considerations • How does the movie portray the treatment options available to these two veterans in the Vietnam era, and how has that changed today? • What's up with that ending?!  What does it mean, what does the writer imply about the two men, and what's going to happen to each of them?

  28. Cinematic Considerations • Chris Clark, BA, Cinema St. Louis

  29. You! • Your comments. • Your questions for panel members • Fill out evaluations

  30. You

  31. Us

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