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Fluid Power Systems

Fluid Power Systems. Chapter 10. Advantages of Fluid Power Systems. Almost unlimited power can be produced and maintained Easy and complete control (smooth, quick control of energy transfer) A natural springiness that cushions and reduces shock in the system

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Fluid Power Systems

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  1. Fluid Power Systems Chapter 10

  2. Advantages of Fluid Power Systems • Almost unlimited power can be produced and maintained • Easy and complete control (smooth, quick control of energy transfer) • A natural springiness that cushions and reduces shock in the system • Components can be at a distance with quick power transfer and little power loss

  3. Fluids Exert Pressure • Pressure is a force acting upon an area • Pressure is caused by the amount (weight) of liquid in a container (the column) • The more liquid present the more weight (psi)

  4. How Fluids Act • Water seeks its own level • Fluids flow from high pressure to low pressure • Flow continues until pressure is equal or balanced • Balance happens when the fluid is level

  5. Blaise Pascal • Pressure applied on a liquid in a container -- the pressure was distributed equally in all directions • This pressure is multiplied by increasing the action surface area (sq. in.) (Look at the example on Page 248.)

  6. Liquids Compared to Gasses • Liquids compress so little they are considered not to compress • Gasses compress – this becomes the source of pressure in pneumatic systems • Robert Boyle – If temperature remains constant, increasing the pressure on a gas will reduce its volume. (2 x pressure = ½ volume of gas)

  7. Look at Components Pages 232 – 245. Begin with the Symbols.

  8. Pipelines Ryan Way and Jeremy Ledford

  9. Private Treatment • Sewage is piped out of your home. • P-traps are used to block the gases from coming back up from the Septic tank.

  10. Septic Tanks • Sewage from home runs into a septic tank. • Made of concrete or steel, solids sink to the bottom (D), scum layer (B) flows out

  11. Drain Fields • Water from septic tanks flows out into perforated pipes buried with gravel, called drain fields.

  12. Urban Wastewater Systems • Sewage is normally gravity powered. • Pipes from houses run into a sewer main (usually 3 – 5 ft. dia.). • The main line flows to larger and larger pipes until it reaches a wastewater treatment plant

  13. Lift Stations • The land layout will not always work for a gravity powered sewer system. • In this case a grinder pump or lift station will move the water up or over a hill.

  14. Treatment of Sewage • Once at the plant, the sewage goes through three stages of treatment. • 1.) Primary treatment: it acts the same way as a septic tank, the solids sink to the bottom and they are collected for disposal.

  15. Treatment cont… • Secondary treatment: large aerated tanks use help from bacteria to eliminate as many of the organic materials and nutrients as possible.

  16. Treatment cont… • Tertiary Treatment: chemicals are used to eliminate phosphorus and nitrogen from the water. Any remaining bacteria is killed with chlorine. Water is then discharged. • (My hometown plant also used ultra-violet rays on the water before discharging it.)

  17. Water Towers • Simply, a large elevated tank. • They provide pressure. A typical tower runs between 50 and 100 PSI (major household appliances require at least 20 to 30 PSI).

  18. Water Towers cont… • Usually located on high ground, water towers can hold up to 1 million to 3 million gal. of water! • They are sized to hold around a day’s worth of water for the community served by the tower.

  19. Water Towers cont… • Drinking water from wells, rivers, or reservoirs is treated to remove sediment and bacteria. • The water is pressurized and sent to the primary feeder pipes.

  20. Natural Gas • First the gas is cleaned and separated. Oils and hydrocarbons (butane, ethane, and propane) are removed. • The gas is then pressurized to reduce the volume and achieve the necessary pressure to move it through the piping.

  21. Natural Gas • Compressor substations are used to account for the frictional pressure loss. They are usually every 50 to 100 miles. • The gas will then be diverted to a “city gate” where it is sold to the local gas company which in turn sell it to their customers.

  22. Activity • Problem: How many liters of water will the 3 inch PVC pipe hold? • Volume: Π(radius)^2 X height of cylinder • Volume: Base X Height X Depth • Since one liter is 1000 cubic centimeters, and there are 2.54 centimeters to one inch, conversion can be done simply with a calculator. • To find liters, divide cubic inches by 61

  23. Answer • Π(1.5)^2 X 14.25 • 7.068583471 X 14.25 • 100.7273145 cubic inches • Π(1.25)^2 X .5 • 4.908738521 X .5 • 2.454369261 cubic inches • 1.25 X 1.25 X 1.0 • 1.5625 cubic inches

  24. Answer • 104.7441838 cubic inches • 104.7441838 / 61 to find liters • 1.717117767 liters

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