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The Years Between WWI and WW II 1918 - 1939

The Years Between WWI and WW II 1918 - 1939. Revolution, Nationalism, Depression and the rise of Fascism. I. Problems with the Peace. The League of Nations was ineffective Germany unable to pay its debts Rampant inflation Dawes Plan led to a temporary solution The Peace Movement

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The Years Between WWI and WW II 1918 - 1939

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  1. The Years Between WWI and WW II1918 - 1939 Revolution, Nationalism, Depression and the rise of Fascism

  2. I. Problems with the Peace • The League of Nations was ineffective • Germany unable to pay its debts • Rampant inflation • Dawes Plan led to a temporary solution • The Peace Movement • 1925 Treaty of Locarno • 1927 Kellogg-Briand Pact • Outlawed war • But did not reduce armaments

  3. II. Economic Depression • 1924-1929 Prosperity in Europe • 1929 – Stock Market Crash in the U.S. 1. Great Depression began in U.S. 2. U.S. investors and banks pulled their money out of Europe 3. Depression spread • Political Responses varied • U.S. – the “New Deal” • France – the Popular Front and the French New Deal • Great Britain -- “The National Government” • Germany and Italy -- Fascism

  4. III. The Rise of Fascism • Elements of Fascism • extreme nationalism • the necessity of struggle • authoritarian leadership • distrust of democracy • allied with industrialists

  5. III. The Rise of Fascism (continued) • Fascism in Italy • led by Benito Mussolini • Used the fear of communism to gain acceptance • Outlawed other political parties • Censored the press • Outlawed strikes • Used secret police

  6. III. The Rise of Fascism (continued) • Fascism in Germany: • led by Adolph Hitler • 1933 – given total power in Germany (The Enabling Act) • banned other political parties • used secret police (the Gestapo) • censored the press; burned books • 1935 – Nuremburg Laws**

  7. IV. Changes in Russia • 1921 – Lenin began the New Economic Policy (NEP) • Allowed elements of capitalism • 1922 – Russia became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R. or “Soviet Union”) • 1924 – Lenin died • 1924 – 1929 – Joseph Stalin used his position on the Politburo to seize power

  8. IV. Changes in Russia (continued) • New Programs under Stalin • Five Year Plans – • Increased capital goods • Housing and wages declined • Collectivization – government take over of all farmland • Purges of the “Old Bolsheviks”

  9. V. Militarism in Japan • Military leaders, led by Hideki Tojo gained control of the government • Sought an empire for materials, markets, and space. C. Emphasized traditional Japanese values and developed the “cult of the emperor” D. 1931 – seized Manchuria E. 1938 – full scale invasion of China

  10. India • Independence Movement: • led by Mohandas Gandhi • - non-violent protest • 1935 Government of India Act (home rule)

  11. China • Civil War: • Nationalists (led by Chiang Kai-shek) • Communists (led by Mao Zedong)

  12. China • 2. Invasion by Japan: • 1931 – Manchuria • 1938 – invasion of all of China

  13. The Middle East • Turkey: • 1922 Ottoman empire overthrown by Ataturk • 1923 – Republic of Turkey

  14. Middle East • Persia: became Iran • modernized Arabia: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia established based on Islamic Law

  15. Middle East Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon granted independence • Palestine: conflict between Jews and Arabs (Palestinians) • British restricted immigration

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