Transitions

1. Transitions Your key to better organization!

2. WhichT r a n s i t i o n a l E x p r e s si o n s fit best in the paragraph on the next slide? Test yourself (as you click, the blue box will reveal the word). Your choices (these words are on the bottom of the next slide, too): at last in addition likewise on the contrary however farther on moreover therefore as a result accordingly also meanwhile first on the whole

3. Sexual harassment is defined as any form of unwanted sexual attention. Most companies now have sexual- harassment policies in place. If you as an employee feel you are the victim of sexual harassment, there are several steps you can take. First, you can ask the harasser to stop by being clear and direct. This may be the first time the offending person has ever been told such behavior is wrong. Also, you should record the event. Having a record of exactly what occurred—and when and where—will be helpful in making a case. In addition, you could complain to a higher authority by talking to your manager about what happened. As a result, you will probably feel awful because your reporting might be perceived as “tattling.” However, you must realize that you have not done anything wrong. On the contrary, you should feel proud that you are not keeping silent. At last … in addition … likewise … on the contrary … however … farther on … moreover … therefore … as a result … accordingly … also … meanwhile … first … on the whole

4. Examine the two paragraphs below, and on the following slides, see how transitions help to connect its ideas. Mark Twain is established in the minds of most Americans as a kindly humorist, a gentle and delightfully funny man. No doubt his photographs have helped promote this image. Everybody is familiar with the Twain face. He looks like every child's ideal grandfather, a dear old white-thatched gentleman who embodies the very spirit of loving-kindness. Twain wrote some of the most savage satire ever produced in America.

5. What’s the problem with the two paragraphs? • The paragraphs seem to have no logical connection. • The change from the description of a “kindly humorist” with a face that “embodies…loving kindness” to the idea of “savage satire” is too abrupt and jarring. • To smooth the connection between these ideas and help the reader see the contrast between how Twain looked and what Twain wrote, the writer must provide a transition.

6. How about using a transitional expression? Mark Twain is established in the minds of most Americans as a kindly humorist, a gentle and delightfully funny man. No doubt his photographs have helped promote this image. Everybody is familiar with the Twain face. He looks like every child's ideal grandfather, a dear old white-thatched gentleman who embodies the very spirit of loving-kindness. The fact remains, however, thatTwain wrote some of the most savage satire ever produced in America.

7. That’s decent, but… • It shows the contrast between the grandfatherly image that Twain projected and the satirist that he was. • But it doesn’t quite do the job. • The transitional device that will do the job is the paragraph hook. • The basic idea of a hook is to begin the next paragraph by recalling the previous paragraph, in essence, “hooking” the new idea to the previous one.

8. Simple Hook: The last word of the first paragraph is hooked into the first sentence of the second paragraph and used as a point of departure for introducing another idea. Mark Twain is established in the minds of most Americans as a kindly humorist, a gentle and delightfully funny man. No doubt his photographs have helped promote this image. Everybody is familiar with the Twain face. He looks like every child's ideal grandfather, a dear old white-thatched gentleman who embodies the very spirit of loving-kindness. The loving-kindness begins to look a little doubtful in view of some of his writing, for Twain wrote some of the most savage satire ever produced in America.

9. Deeper Hook: It goes back deeper than the last sentence of the preceding paragraph. Mark Twain is established in the minds of most Americans as a kindly humorist, a gentle and delightfully funny man. No doubt his photographs have helped promote this image. Everybody is familiar with the Twain face. He looks like every child's ideal grandfather, a dear old white-thatched gentleman who embodies the very spirit of loving-kindness. This dear old white-thatched gentleman happens to be the author of some of the most savage satire ever produced in America.

10. Combinea transitional expression with a paragraph hook: Mark Twain is established in the minds of most Americans as a kindly humorist, a gentle and delightfully funny man. No doubt his photographs have helped promote this image. Everybody is familiar with the Twain face. He looks like every child's ideal grandfather, a dear old white-thatched gentleman who embodies the very spirit of loving-kindness. The loving-kindness begins to look a little doubtful, however, in view of the fact that Twain wrote some of the most savage satire ever produced in America.

11. Multiple (Deeper) Hook Mark Twain is established in the minds of most Americans as a kindly humorist, a gentle and delightfully funny man. No doubt his photographs have helped promote this image. Everybody is familiar with the Twain face. He looks like every child's ideal grandfather, a dear old white-thatched gentleman who embodies the very spirit of loving-kindness. To accept such an imageis to betray greater familiarity with the photographsthan with the writing, for Twain wrote some of the most savage satire ever produced in America.

12. Idea Hook: Instead of repeating an exact word or phrase, it refers to the idea just expressed by compressingit into a single phrase. Mark Twain is established in the minds of most Americans as a kindly humorist, a gentle and delightfully funny man. No doubt his photographs have helped promote this image. Everybody is familiar with the Twain face. He looks like every child's ideal grandfather, a dear old white-thatched gentleman who embodies the very spirit of loving-kindness. Such a view of Twainwould probably have been a source of high amusement to the author himself, for Twain wrote some of the most savage satire ever produced in America. OR Any resemblance between this popular portraitand the man who reveals himself in his writingis purely imaginary, for Twain wrote some of the most savage satire ever produced in America.

13. Your task Examine some magazine articles. Look for hooks. We’ll display them with the document camera.