Welcome on behalf of Helen D. Cabanilla Ann Marie Eugenio John Angelo V.De leon Fr. George Rozario,csc

1. Welcome on behalf ofHelen D. CabanillaAnn Marie EugenioJohn Angelo V.DeleonFr. George Rozario,csc

2. 2 y’s u r 2 y’s u b I c u r 2 y’s 4 me.

3. 2 y’s u r 2 y’s u b I c u r 2 y’s 4 me. Too wise you are Too wise you be I see you are Too wise for me.

4. Teachers, you are • tender • enthusiastic • active • caring • hardworking • endurable • responsible • sincere

5. Good, better, best Never let it rests Until your good is better And the better best.

6. A journey of 1000 miles begins with a single step.

7. Presentation On • Development of Morphology and Syntax in Pre-School years

8. There are three men on a train. One of them is an economist and one of them is logician and one of them is a mathematician … They have just crossed the border into Scotland ….and they see a brown cow standing in the field … 1. The economist says, ‘Look, the cows in Scotland are brown.’ 2. And the logician says, ‘No. There are cows in Scotland of which one at least is brown.’ 3. And the mathematician says, No. There is at least one cow in Scotland, of which one side appears to be brown.’ (Haddon 2003:142)

9. Introduction: Morphologyand Syntax are inter-related. We are going to have a presentation on these two themes in regards of preschoolers. How do they acquire these complex morpho-syntacticparadigm of skills in their cognitive domains? We are hopeful that you will find our presentation useful and interesting and at the same time enjoyable.

10. What is Morphology? • Etymology: The word ‘morpheme’ derived from the Greek word morphewhich means ‘form, shape; • What is morpheme? • It is the smallest meaningful part into which a word can be divided. • Morphology is a study of word structures • It is a study of morphemesof a language and of how they are combined to a word (Oxford Dictionary).

11. Morphemes are not merely the smallest units of grammatical structure but also the smallest meaningful units. The area of grammar concerned with the structure of words and with relationships between words involving the morphemes that compose them is technically called morphology, (Andrew Carstairs-Mccarthy 2009)

12. Morphology Study of morphemes Study of word structure Morphe (GK) Form Shape smallest unit meaningful

13. For example: ‘Runs’ contains two morphemes – ‘run’ and ‘s’. ‘Unlikely’ contains three morphemes – ‘un-like-ly’ (un=prefix, like=root and ly=suffix) • How many morphemes are there in this word? • ‘antidisestablishmentarianism’ • Anti-dis-establish-ment-ari-an-ism= 7

14. Basic types of morphemes Lexical Grammatical Free Bound Free Bound Inflectional Derivational Morphemes

15. Lexical morphemes: • example: • Free : boy, run, green, quick, paper, large • Bound: -cept > concept, intercept, except • (..ceptcomes from a Latin verb meaning ‘to take’.) • A lexical morpheme has a meaning that can be understood fully in and of itself. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are typical kinds of lexical morphemes.

16. Grammatical morphemes: • Examples: • Free: and, but, in, at • Bound: ness, less, ly, • They can be understood completely only when they occur with other words in a sentence. Typical kinds of grammatical morphemes include prepositions, conjunctions, articles, and all prefixes and suffixes.

17. Inflectional morphemes: • 1. Dog + s = dogs plural • 2.Walk+s = He walks to UST every day. • 3. Walked = They walked to UST yesterday. • Here dogs and walks and walked are inflected. So they are called inflectional morphemes. They do not change their parts of speech. • The morphemes add grammatical information required by their context are called inflectional morphemes. When s is added to dog to form dogs, it indicates the number of animals, adding plural morpheme does not change the grammatical class (the part of speech). Similarly, suffixing the past tense morpheme to the verb walk gives other verbs, walks, walked.

18. Derivational morphemes: • 1.Walk-er • 2.Un-walk-able • The affixes er un, able change the word ‘walk’ into new words. Hence new words are derived, they are called derivational morphemes. The derived word may change word category. While walk is a verb, walker is a noun and unwalkable is an adjective.

19. Null morphemes: • Sheep sheep, deer deer, fish fish • There are few words there is no audible distinction between singular and plural. The pronunciation is identical for both forms. They are labeled as a null/zero morphemes.

20. Compounds: • Teapot, boyfriend, hotdog • These words all contain two lexical roots side by side and are called compounds. • Cranberry morphemes: • cranberry, blackberry, strawberry

21. Circumbfixes: • nacolar = former wife • A circumfix is an affix with two parts that adds an element to both the beginning and the end of the root. It hugs the stem. • Infixes: Infixes are opposite of circumfixes. Infixes are inserted into the middle of a root.

22. The area of morphology is one in which languages tend to display a considerable amount of irregularity, especially if one does not pry( look, inquire) beneath the surface. Why, for instance, should the plural of child be children, and not expected childs,? Why women and sheep instead of womans and sheeps? Why should the tense of eat be the irregular ate and not the regular eated? There would seem to be no principled reason for our using went instead of goed. (Ronald W. Langacker -1968).

23. Syntax: Etymology : from Gk ‘syntassein’= to arrange together • It is rules for sentence-building (oxford Dictionary) • It is the study of sentence patterns • It shows how words are combined to form sentences • How words are put together to build phrases, with how phrases are put together to build clauses or bigger clauses and with how clauses are put together to build sentences

24. Every human language has devices by which its speakers can construct phrases, clauses and sentences All languages show concatenation which always obeys syntactic principles. (Lenneberg- 1967) Concatenation means linking together; series of things or events linked together. The concatenation system by which man represents language is as historically static as is man’s bipedal gait.

25. Correct version of syntactic structure in various languages :- Background: J.F. Kennedy airport, N.Y, at baggage carousel, belt failed to disgorge their luggage. • 1.English : Where are my two suitcases? • 2.Philippino : Where are my two suitcases? • (Saaniyondalawangbakahako?) • 3.Bangladeshi : my suitcase two where? • (amar suitcase dutikuthai?) • 4.Chinese : My two suitcase at where? • (Wo de lianggexingizaina li?) • 5.Spaniard : (Where are my two suitcases? • (?Dode me dos boslos?) • Dog bites man or man bites dog.

26. Pre-school • There are 3 stages of pre-school : 1. Nursery, 2. kinderand 3. Preparatory • How do they progress their morphological and syntactic knowledge in their cognition? How do they acquire L2 in the pre-school classroom environment? What kind of books do they use? What are the curriculums? How many words do they learn in pre-school and what are the approaches?

27. Conclusion • Thank you Dr. Melchor A. Tatlonghari, Ph.D., • Dear classmates for listening to our presentation patiently. • We, educators should always remember that teaching, when made enjoyable is a thousand times more effective, a thousand times more efficient, and a thousand times more lasting for the children. Each child may have different way of learning, but they all learnBEST when they are having FUN. • Thanks a million again for listening our presentation. • Enjoyyour study at UST. • Fr. George, Halen, Ann Marie, Angelo

28. Bibliography: • 1.Murray, Thomas E., 1995. The Structure of English. Allyn and Bacon, Massachusetts. • 1.Miler, J. 2002. An Introduction to English Syntax. Edinburgh University Press Ltd, Edinburgh. • 2.Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew. 2002. An Introduction to English Morphology. Edinburgh University Press Ltd, Edinburgh. • 3.Harley, Heidi. 2006. English Words, A Linguistic Introduction. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, USA. • 4.Radford, Andrew. 2004. English Syntax, An introduction. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.