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Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients. Introduction. Participants and Methods. Results , Tables and Graphics. Discussion. References. Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients. Introduction. Participants and Methods.

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Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

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  1. Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

  2. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

  3. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

  4. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

  5. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

  6. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

  7. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References Health concepts in students and outpatient consulting patients

  8. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  9. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References The health care should be provided in view of complete welfare of the patient The individual must be considered in all its extension: physical, psychological and social dimensions: Definition of “health”, which has been existed till now and basically refers to the preamble of WHO Constitution in 1948, noted that: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of healthis one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition” [1]

  10. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References The health care should be provided in view of complete welfare of the patient The individual must be considered in all its extension: physical, psychologic and social dimensions: Definition of “health”, which has been existed till now and basically refers to the preamble of WHO Constitution in 1948, noted that: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition” [1] “Complete welfare” isdifferentlyunderstoodbydifferentpeolple, according to theimportancetheyassign to themultiplecomponentsofhealth People should intervene in this conception of health care, being asked about the way they value the referred components constituents of health

  11. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References The health care should be provided in view of complete welfare of the patient The individual must be considered in all its extension: physical, psychologic and social dimensions: Definition of “health”, which has been existed till now and basically refers to the preamble of WHO Constitution in 1948, noted that: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition” [1] “Complete welfare” isdifferentlyunderstoodbydifferentpeolple, according to theimportancetheyassign to themultiplecomponentsofhealth People should intervene in this conception of health care, being asked about the way they value the referred components constituents of health

  12. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References The conception of “complete welfare” of a society could offer an indication about what are the areas of health services in wich the investment of resources (economical or human) should be done, in order to obtain the better health level in the population

  13. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References Theconceptionof “complete welfare” of a societycouldofferanindicationaboutwhat are theareasofhealthservicesinwichtheinvestmentofresources (economicalorhuman) shouldbedone, inorder to obtainthebetterhealthstageofthepopulation By changing the health services of medical assistance in order to treat patients according to all the necessities they reveal, it is possible that the generalized health state of the population could improve, making higher the quality of life of the active population

  14. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References • It is necessary to analyse how the elements of a society value different health-states, adjusting the survival years of the treated patients considering their conception of quality of life • In order to ascertain the prospects of the societies about the importance of certain parameters to be achieved the “life with quality” several questionnaires have been developed, of which, in this study, it will be used EQ-5D

  15. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References “The EQ-5D provides community-based preference weights (utilities) for calculating quality adjusted life years (QALYs) in cost-utility analisys” [2] “EQ-5D is a generic measure of health status that provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value that can be used in the clinical and economic evaluation of health care and in population health surveys” [3] In this article, EQ-5D is understood as a preference-based measure designed to summarise HR-QOL in a single number ranging from 0 to 1. [4] “Assessment of strenght of preference values (utilities) for patients’ own health or disease states from a societal perspective, is na essencial element to economic evaluations of healthcare interventions” [5]

  16. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References • AIMS OF THE STUDY: • Compare the differences between the opinions of the three groups interviewed (FMUP, FEUP and outpatient consulting in order: • Analyze who has the more optimistic/pessimistic opinions • Discover which group shows more difficulties in answering the questionnaire • Compare the worst and best health-state chosen by each group • Create separated mathematical models based on the results obtained on each group • generalize the conclusions of the study, applying them to the comparison of perpectives • about health of different groups in the population: university students, students related with • health and ill people

  17. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  18. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References

  19. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References Target Population: FMUP and FEUP students and patients in the outpatient consulting Sampling Method: non-random method Inclusion Criteria: being FMUP or FEUP student or a patient in the outpatient consulting in São João Hospital, that is awating the call Exclusion Criteria: it hasn´t been defined exclusion criteria a priori, although it will not be possible to consider the questionnaires wich were not filled completely, including those of the patients whom presence was solicited for the call Sample size: 50-100 respondants in each group Studentsrelatedwithhealth Universitystudents Illpeople

  20. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References FMUP / FEUP Years

  21. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References FMUP / FEUP Years Classes

  22. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References FMUP / FEUP Years Classes

  23. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References OutpatientConsulting Services

  24. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References OutpatientConsulting Services

  25. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References Observational There isn’t a direct application of an intervention to the population; it is observed and its characteristics are recorded Cross-Sectional The data collection is done only once time Unit of analysis Individual

  26. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References FMUP FEUP OutpatientConsulting EQ-5D Individuals 50 < N < 100 PERSONAL INTERVIEW Results Analysis Conclusions

  27. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References PREVIOUS SELECTION OF THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Randommethod JUSTIFICATION FOR THE CHANGES: Adoptionofpersonalinterview advantages: participantscanclarifydoubts; itisensuredthatthequestionnaireiswellresponded lessinvalidquestionnaires; provides a goodanswer rate; practicalbarrier for using a randomsample  differenttargetpopulation: itisadequated to thenumberofdisponibleinterviewers (12), can show howillpeople, medicine studentsandnon-medicinestudentsevaluateeachhealth-state itwouldimply a largernumberofdeslocationsand a largernumberofinterviewers to be doneinthepretendedperiodoftime

  28. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References • PREVIOUS AIM: • Analyse how the Oporto inhabitants value different health-states; • Create a model adapted to Oporto reality; • AIMS OF THE STUDY: • Compare thedifferencesbetweentheopinionsofthethreegroupsinterviewedinorder to: • Analyzewhohasthe more optimistic/pessimisticopinions • Discoverwhichgroup shows more difficultiesinansweringthequestionnaire • Compare theworstandbesthealth-statechosenbyeachgroup • Createseparatedmathematicalmodelsbasedontheresultsobtainedoneachgroup • generalize theconclusionsofthestudy, applyingthem to thecomparisonofperpectives • abouthealthofdifferentgroupsinthepopulation: universitystudents, studentsrelatedwith • healthandillpeople

  29. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References 5 DIMENSIONS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE: Itisanordinalvariable: 1 parameter 3 answerhipothesis eachhipothesecorrespondseither to a goodhealthstateor to a badoneoreven to anintermediateone “The EQ-5D includessingle item measuresof: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, andanxiety/depression. Each item iscodedusing 3-levels (1 = no problems; 2 = some problems; 3 = severeproblems). Theinstrumentincludes a global ratingofcurrenthealthusing a visual analogscale (VAS) rangingfrom 0 (worstimaginable) to 100 (bestimaginable).” [7]

  30. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References VISUAL SCALE: Itis a continuousvariable Classificationthatthe responder atributes to theirownhealthstateatthemomentofthequestionnaire

  31. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References

  32. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References VISUAL SCALE: Itis a continuousvariable Classificationthatthe responder atributes to eightdifferentcontextsintermsofhealth; Classificationattributed to death;

  33. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References Cathegoricalvariables

  34. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES: They are cathegoricalvariables Integratedinthequestionnaire to obtain a profile for theanonymous responder, wichcouldbeuseful to interprete theanswersaccording to thecontextinwichtheyweregivenor to betterunderstant some possiblediscrepancies

  35. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References EVALUATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE: They are cathegoricalvariables They are important to confere more validity to theanswers, byserving as an indicator of the degree of understanding them

  36. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion StudyParticipants Study Design Data CollectionMethods VariablesDescription StatisticalAnalysis References Cathegoricalvariables Continuousvariables Analysisoftheresultsofvisual scalesseparatingitin classes according to thevariables “sexo” and “local de entrevista” Tablesoffrequencies Median Interquartile Range Small N

  37. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  38. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  39. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  40. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  41. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  42. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References

  43. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

  44. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

  45. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

  46. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

  47. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

  48. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

  49. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

  50. Introduction ParticipantsandMethods Results, TablesandGraphics Discussion References FEUP FMUP p wasdeterminedusingMannWhitneytest

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