Group Members

1. Group Members • UsmanAzmat • KabirAdrali • Syed AdeelFaryad • Sheharyar • MuhammedMaqbool (Producer) • Sabir Ahmed • Ali Farhad • Reddy Koteswara (Producer) • Arif Khan • Tariq Mohammed • Aqeel Ashraf

2. Water Pollution

3. Water • The chemical definition of water is ‘’It is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O”. • Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.

4. Basic Chemical Properties • Water is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. • It is tasteless and odorless. • Water is a good solvent and is often referred to as the universal solvent. Substances that dissolve in water are salts, sugars, acids, alkalis, and some gases especially oxygen, carbon dioxide . • All the major components in cells (proteins, DNA and polysaccharides) are also dissolved in water. • It expands to occupy 9% greater volume in this solid state, which accounts for the fact of ice floating on liquid water. and many more………..

5. Earth’s Water Budget

6. Human Consumpton • 1% of the world's fresh water (~0.007% of all water on earth) is accessible for direct human uses. This is the water found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs and those underground sources that are shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. Only this amount is regularly renewed by rain and snowfall, and is therefore available on a sustainable basis.

9. Human Water needs • A person needs about 1 gallon water/day for hydration • Our bodies are about 60 percent water. Water regulates our body temperature, moves nutrients through our cells, keeps our mucous membranes moist and flushes waste from our bodies. Our lungs are 90 percent water, our brains are 70 percent water and our blood is more than 80 percent water. Simply put, we can't function without it. Most people sweat out about two cups of water per day (0.5 liters). Each day, we also lose a little more than a cup of water (237 ml) when we exhale it, and we eliminate about six cups (1.4 l) of it.

10. Can we drink the water from the fresh water resources?

11. Water Purification • The process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from contaminated water. • The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water) but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacology, chemical and industrial applications.

12. BUT……

13. 1/3rd of World Population 2 Billion People

14. Water Pollution • Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. • It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. • An estimated 700 million people in sub-continent(Indo/Pak region) have no access to a proper drinking water, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. • Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. • In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and square miles were classified as polluted. • In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well.

15. Major Causes • Municipal Sewage .. without realizing. • Industries Industrial wastewater contains toxic chemicals • Landfills & Leaching Leaching is the process where chemicals from a material dissolve into water while it is being filtered through that material. The resulting mixture is called leachate consisting of residues from decomposed organic matter and metals). • Agriculture Excessive and uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides promotes contaminated agricultural run off)

20. Waterborne Diseases • Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms which are directly transmitted when contaminated fresh water is consumed. • Contaminated fresh water, used in the preparation of food, can be the source of foodborne disease through consumption of the same microorganisms. • According to the World Health Organization, diarrheal disease accounts for an estimated 4.1% of the total daily global burden of disease and is responsible for the deaths of 1.8 million people every year.

21. It was estimated that 88% of that burden is attributable to unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and is mostly concentrated in children in developing countries. • Waterborne disease can be caused by protozoa, viruses, or bacteria, many of which are intestinal parasites.

22. Common Pathogens • Amoebiasis, Entamoebahistolytica, (hand-to-mouth) Sewage, non-treated drinking water, flies in water supply. • Cyclosporiasis. Cyclosporacayetanensis Sewage, non-treated drinking water. • Schistosomiasis.Schistosoma, Fresh water contaminated with certain types of snails that carry schistosomes • Ascariasis. • Clostridium botulinum, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli…….. end

23. Prevention What Can Be Done To Prevent This

24. Prevention • Water pollution prevention is a very large but necessary job that is going to take governmental and citizen cooperation. • Since water contamination comes from many different sources and has numerous effects, every aspect of water pollution needs to be addressed. • One of the main reasons why water pollution is still such a threat to our planet’s health is because the governments of the world either choose to ignore the pollution that business is responsible for or because they want to give businesses ten years to change their industry. • Water pollution prevention requires drastic and swift action rather than a slow and progressive change. • Some countries have refused to implement any regulations as poverty and joblessness seems to be a bigger problem that the extreme pollutants that are reaching the waters of the world.

25. Industrial Waste Major industries, chemical factories, business houses and other multi nationals that use methods of processing in their factories, dump the waste that is generated in varied water bodies. This leads to alarming amounts of water pollution. It is not that the waste cannot be treated before dumping it in the water, but the waste water treatment is an expensive process that most industries ignore because it directly affects their profits. So also, the government policies that require industries to treat the waste are many a times so lax that most industries do not take them seriously. For example, paying a fine for not treating the waste. The industries prefer paying the fine (which is many a times minimal). There needs to be immediate action taken towards this direction. The rules and laws regarding water purification systems need to be made stringent and so strong that industries cannot break them. Treatment of the waste needs to be a prerequisite and not an option for industries.

26. Chemical Usage Industries are not the only culprits that lead to increased levels of water pollution, we, through our everyday activities add to that water pollution as well. The chemicals and pesticides that we use on our lawns seep into the ground and make their way into the water bed, thus polluting it. So also, if these chemicals are used near water bodies, they get carried into the streams and rivers and affect the ecology of the fish and other creatures of the sea. Thus, ruining the ecological balance and causing water pollution.

27. Vehicle Emission The toxic fumes exhumed by vehicles not only lead to air pollution, but also water pollution. These fumes go up into the air and then settle, then take up a form of soot. The soot being heavy, will be brought down to the ground and will not only make its way into varied water bodies, but also settle onto the ground and seep into the water table.

28. All of This is too hard for you??

29. Then Do This • Use a detergent that has low phosphate levels because high phosphate levels cause added pollution and pollution and are hazardous to the animals and plants in the water. • Do not keep the water running when you're brushing your teeth, washing your hands, washing the dishes. Taking small steps like these are an important way of preventing water wastage that is fast depleting due to water pollution. • Make sure that you dispose off other forms of wastes like tissue papers and the odd trash bits by putting them in trash bins rather than flushing them down the drain. • Do not allow household wastes like your pet waste or other items like petrol, motor oil, paint and other such items to be discarded in trash or be thrown into the sewer. These will seep down to the water source and pollute it in the worst possible way. • Use native plants instead of hybrid ones as those require a lot of pesticides and chemicals for their protection. When it rains, these chemicals seep into the ground water, thus polluting it. • Make sure that products which can be recycled are given off to recycling units instead of disposing them off at random. This will ensure that pollution is prevented. • Set up a compost unit so that all the household waste can be converted into manure or compost rather than being disposed off in the wrong manner and leading to more pollution.