Chapter 17 The Early Middle Ages

1. Chapter 17The Early Middle Ages Section 2 Europe After the Fall of Rome

2. Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe • As Rome fell apart: • Groups from the north and east moved in • Set up states • Rulers of states called themselves kings • By 500s AD Europe is divided into many small kingdoms

3. Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe • Middle Ages • Beginning marked by creation of kingdoms • Called “middle” falls between ancient times • Also called medieval period

4. Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe • At beginning of Middle Ages most kingdoms not Christian • Christianity common in places that had been part of the Roman Empire • Christianity spread north slowly • Efforts of missionaries and monks

5. Missionaries • Pope probably most powerful force to spread Christianity • Popes sent missionaries to teach Christianity to people in N. Kingdoms

6. Missionaries • Britain ~ one of the first places missionaries were sent • Most people in Great Britain became Christians

7. Missionaries • Patrick (now known as Saint Patrick) • Missionary not sent by pope • Traveled from Britain to Ireland to convert people to Christianity • Traveled alone

8. Monks • Religious men who lived separate from society • Lived in separate communities • Called monasteries • Built all over Europe • Often in remote areas

9. Monks • Lived strictly ordered lives • Rules dictated daily life • What to wear • What to eat

10. Monks • Benedict • Italian monk • Created set of rules for monks • Monks who followed these rules known as Benedictine • Not all monks followed Benedict’s rules

11. Monks • Monks lived apart from society • Heavily influenced Europe • Provided services inside and outside monastery • Aid to poor • Ran schools • Health care • Scribes • Advisors to leaders • Preserved ancient writings of Greece & Rome

12. Monks • Most importantly they spread Christianity. • Even to remote places

13. The Franks Build an Empire(a lot of this is not in your book, pay attention!!!!) • Clovis led the Franks to conquer Gaul in the 480s • First 1st Germanic king to accept Catholicism • Under him the Franks converted • Gained support Pope & church officials

14. The Franks Build an Empire(A lot of this is NOT in your book pay attention!!) • Charles Martel aka Charles “The Hammer” • He led the Franks to defeat the Arabs & Berbers who took Spain in 711 • When he died his son Pepin took his positions as Mayor of the Palace

15. The Franks Build an Empire(a lot of this is NOT in your book pay attention!!) • Pepin 1st Frankish king to be anointed by The Pope • He helped the Pope by defeating the Lombards • Conquered them and gave the land they controlled to the Pope • Made the Pope political leader of much of Italian Peninsula

16. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Pepin died in 768 • Kingdom divided between his 2 sons • Carloman • Died within a few years of Pepin • Charlemagne • French of “Charles the Great” • Became king of the Franks

17. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Wanted all W. Europe under his rule • Wanted Germanic people to be Christian

18. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Charlemagne defeated • Lombards • Saxons • Muslims of Spain

19. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Wanted close ties to Christian Church • Church officials kept records for him • Helped him run the country • He appointed bishops • Felt any act against the church as an act of disloyalty towards him

20. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Christmas day 800 • The Pope crowned Charlemagne • Making him new Roman Emperor • Unhappy that the Pope crowned him • Did not want it to seem that the Pope gave him the right/power to rule instead of God • Did not want people to think the Pope was more powerful than he was

21. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Charlemagne made laws • Counts ran the local courts • Stopped feuds, protected poor • Raised armies for Charlemagne • Other officials checked on the counts for him

22. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Fields of May • Annual meetings held by Charlemagne to better train officials & receive input on current or future laws • Held in Tents in fields around his castle • Final decision was Charlemagne’s

23. Charlemagne A lot of this is NOT in your book so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • He appreciated education • Proud he could read Latin • Practiced writing • Wanted to educate his people • Encouraged churches & monasteries to start schools • Started a school to educate children of his officials

24. Invaders Threaten Europe • Invaders attacked all over Europe • Muslim armies poured into France and Italy • Magyars came in from the East • Vikings came from Scandinavia

25. Invaders Threaten Europe • Vikings were feared by all • Brutal warriors • Fast and savage attacks • Could sail ships up rivers so they could attack inland as well as coastal • People lived in fear of them

26. Make sure you have good notes about Charles Martel, Pepin, and Charlemagne. • Most of that is NOT IN YOUR BOOK!