Earth ’ s History & Geologic Time Notes

1. Earth’s History & Geologic Time Notes

2. How Changes Occur on the Earth plates • Plate Tectonics: theory of how Earth’s tectonic _______ move and ________ in _______ • plates move an average of _______ a year and in ______ different ways change shape 2-5cm three

3. How Changes Occur on the Earth toward collide • convergent boundary: plates move ________ each other • plates can _______ to form ___________ or one plate can _____ ______ another plate creating a line of ___________ slide mountains under volcanoes

4. How Changes Occur on the Earth away • divergent boundary: plates move ______ from each other • new _____ ______ here; could be new _______ floor or ___________ crust land forms continental ocean

5. How Changes Occur on the Earth slide past • transform boundary: plates _____ _____ each other creating _____________ earthquakes

6. How Changes Occur on the Earth plates continents moved • Continental Drift: describes that as tectonic _______ move, ___________ have _______ with them changing the Earth’s surface

7. Quick Write # 1 How does the Planet Earth Change? List two directions that the plates move and what do they form? What is Continental Drift? How fast are the plates moving apart per year?

8. Affects of Earth Changes plates move apart • As _______ and continents ______ together and ______, there are many consequences • can ________ how ______ currents and _____ patterns flow on the Earth • these changes affect the _____ of _____ around the Earth which can cause _________ in ________ ocean change wind flow heat changes climate

9. Ex: when the panama land bridge formed it changed the flow of the oceans. Gulf stream created. Moves warm water across the Atlantic Ocean giving western Europe a mild climate. Warm tropical waters flowed between continents

10. Affects of Earth Changes formation habitats • can cause the __________ of new _________ and environments • can ________ existing habitats and ______________ destroy environments

11. Ex: the panama land bridge also changed habitats and the distribution of organisms. Land animals not able to move between continents, however, sea animals were able to move between the oceans Allowed land animals to move between North & South America. Sea creatures were separated and some evolved into different species.

12. organisms affected Affects of Earth Changes adapt • ____________ are _________ by the changes caused by plate tectonics • organisms will either _______ to the _________(evolve)orbecome________ • extinction: the _______ of every member of a _________ changes extinct death species

13. can result Affects of Earth Changes mass extinction death • some earth changes ____ _______ in the ______ ___________ of organisms • mass extinction: the _______ of ______ species around the ______ _____ many same time

14. gradual Affects of Earth Changes climate catastrophic • could be caused by _________ events, like ________ change and changes in ocean currents, or _____________ events, like an _________ impact asteroid

15. Geologic Time Scale • Developed _________ _____ ______ to break up Earth’s history into ________ ______ Geologic Time Scale smaller units

16. 4 divisions Geologic Time Scale Eons • Geologictimescalehas___major_________ of time: • _____ are the ________ division, followed by _____, then ________ and finally ________ (the _________ division of the four) largest eras periods epochs smallest

17. Geologic Time Scale determined major • divisions of the time scale are ____________ by ________________ in Earth’s history • major _________ in ______ things, ___________ of living things and changes in the ________ _________ decide how to divide Earth’s history changes changes living extinction Earth’s surface

18. Quick Write # 2 4. Name 3 ways that the changes on Earth affect us. 5. Explain what is the Geologic Time Scale.

19. Precambrian Time:4.6 billion years ago – 542 million years ago prokaryotes • First organisms called _____________ (cells without a nucleus) appeared in ________ more than ____ billion years ago 3.6 oceans

20. Precambrian Time photosynthesis uses • Cyanobacteria: type of prokaryote that _____ ________________ to make own food. • Photosynthesis _________ ________ into the atmosphere and began to build up over millions of years. released oxygen

21. Precambrian Time protected ozone radiation • Oxygen build-up led to the formation of _______ which __________ organisms from the harmful _________ of the sun • Allowed for development of _________ organisms & for ___________ to survive on _____ complex organisms land

22. eukaryotes Precambrian Time appear without • After about 1 billion years ____________ (cells with a nucleus) began to _______ • Invertebrates (animals ________ backbones) developed near the ____ of the _____________ end Precambrian

23. Quick Write # 3 6. What two types of living Organisms appeared during the Precambrian Time? 7. Which one gave Earth oxygen and why was this imporatant?

24. Paleozoic Era:542 – 251 million years ago parts hard • First organisms with _____ body ______ (shells, exoskeletons & bones) evolved • Broken into ____ periods six

25. marine Paleozoic Era • Cambrian: ________ animals with hard body parts 2. Ordovician: early vertebrates appeared (animals _____ ____________) backbones with

26. plant Paleozoic Era • Silurian: ______ life on land evolved 4. Devonian: ____ evolved and were __________; early ____________ show up in the fossil record fish dominant amphibians

27. Paleozoic Era Mississippian 5. Carboniferous: divided into ______________ & Pennsylvanian in U.S. ● Mississippian: ____________ were the __________ vertebrate ● Pennsylvanian: early ________ emerge amphibians dominant reptiles

28. Paleozoic Era Pangaea habitat loss 6. Permian: formation of the large land mass called ________ caused ____ of coastal _______ and climate change

29. Paleozoic Era 90 changes environments • Period ended with amass extinction of ____% of all organisms due to _________ in the _______________ caused by plate tectonics

30. Quick Write #4 8. How long did the Paleozoic Era last? 9. What happened at the end of the Paleozoic Era?

31. Mesozoic Era:251 - 65 million years ago Age Dinosaurs • Era known as “_____ of ___________” and broken into 3 periods 1. Triassic: time of ____________ • small ___________ evolved transition dinosaurs

32. existed Mesozoic Era organisms spread • Pangaea________duringmuchoftheTriassic • allowed for ___________ left after Permian mass extinction to ________ over the _____ (allowed for ____________ of organisms) distribution land

33. dinosaurs dominant Mesozoic Era larger dinosaurs 2. Jurassic: ___________ were __________ • _______ species of __________ evolved

34. breaks up Mesozoic Era • Pangaea __________ throughout the period

35. Birds evolved Mesozoic Era dinosaurs feathers • ______ are thought to have ________ from __________ • Archaeopteryx: wings & _________ like birds, but ______ & ______ like dinosaurs teeth claws

36. Mesozoic Era birds 3. Cretaceous: dinosaurs still dominant; modern insect, ______ & mammal groups appear • pine, __________, and fir ______ evolved sequoias trees

37. Flowering Mesozoic Era dominant volcanic • ___________ plants (angiosperms) are still __________ today • increased _________ activity

38. Dinosaurs extinct Mesozoic Era changing • ___________ became ________ at the end; __________ environments

39. The real reason Dinosaurs went extinct… Dinosaur Extinction.wmv

40. Quick Write # 5 10. What happened to Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era? 11. What happened at the end of this Era?

41. Cenozoic Era:65 million years ago to the present mammals evolved • Early in Cenozoic ___________ were small, but _________ into many different _______overtheera,including _______ mammals larger forms

42. mountain Cenozoic Era Cascade • Times of ___________ building: Sierra Nevada, _________ & Andes Mountain ranges form

43. cooler ice ages Cenozoic Era moved species others • Periodsof_______climatesand____ _____: some ________ _______ towards the equator (warmer climates) and _______ became ________ • ____ still ___________ today extinct Era continues

44. Quick Write # 6 12. What happened during the Cenozoic era after mammals came on the seen? 13. When did the Cenozoic era end?