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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System Neurotransmitters and Receptors ] Autonomic Nervous System Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Autonomic Nervous System > Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System • Comparing the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems • Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/autonomic-nervous-system-14/introduction-to-the-autonomic-nervous-system-140/

  6. Autonomic Nervous System > Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System • Preganglionic Neurons • Autonomic Ganglia • Postganglionic Neurons • Autonomic Plexuses • Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) Division • Sympathetic Nervous System • Autonomic Reflexes Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/autonomic-nervous-system-14/structure-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system-141/

  7. Autonomic Nervous System > Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic Responses • Parasympathetic Responses • Autonomic Interactions • Control of Autonomic Nervous System Function Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/autonomic-nervous-system-14/functions-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system-142/

  8. Autonomic Nervous System > Neurotransmitters and Receptors Neurotransmitters and Receptors • Cholinergic Neurons and Receptors • Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors • Agonists, Antagonists, and Drugs Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/autonomic-nervous-system-14/neurotransmitters-and-receptors-143/

  9. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  10. Autonomic Nervous System Key terms • abdominal aortic plexusThis is formed by branches derived, on either side, from the celiac plexus and ganglia, and receives filaments from some of the lumbar ganglia. It is situated upon the sides and front of the aorta, between the origins of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. • acetylcholineAn organic, polyatomic cation (often abbreviated ACh) that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms, including humans. • acetylcholinesteraseAn enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. • adrenergicContaining or releasing adrenaline. • adrenergic receptorAny of several sites in the surface membranes of cells innervated by adrenergic neurons. • adrenoreceptorThese are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). Many cells possess these receptors, and the binding of a catecholamine to the receptor will generally stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. • atropineAn alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources. It is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g., in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils), though overdoses are fatal. • autonomicActing or occurring involuntarily, without conscious control. • autonomicActing or occurring involuntarily, without conscious control. • autonomic gangliaClusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites that are a junction between the autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and the autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery. • autonomic plexusAny of the extensive networks of nerve fibers and cell bodies associated with the autonomic nervous system that are found in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, and that contain sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral afferent fibers. • beta-blockersAlso called beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, or beta antagonists, these are a class of drugs used for various indications. As beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, they diminish the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) and other stress hormones. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. Autonomic Nervous System • choline acetyltransferaseAbbreviated as ChAT, this is an enzyme that is synthesized within the body of a neuron. It is then transferred to the nerve terminal via axoplasmic flow. The role of choline acetyltransferase is to join Acetyl-CoA to choline, resulting in the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. • cholinergicPertaining to, activated by, producing, or having the same function as acetylcholine. • cholinergicPertaining to, activated by, producing, or having the same function as acetylcholine. • dorsal root gangliaA dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion) is a nodule on a dorsal root of the spine that contains the cell bodies of nerve cells (neurons) that carry signals from sensory organs toward the appropriate integration center. • feed-and-breedThe parasympathetic nervous system is often colloquially described as the feed-and-breed or rest-and-digest portion of the autonomic nervous system. • fight or flightAll the coordinated physiological responses that the sympathetic nervous system initiates in response to stress or other emergency situations. • fight or flightThis theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing. • fight or flightAll the coordinated physiological responses that the sympathetic nervous system initiates in response to stress or other emergency situations. • fight or flightThis theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing. • G protein-coupled receptorsThese comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Any adrenergic effects on cells are generally mediated by G protein-coupled receptors. • ganglionA cluster of interconnecting nerve cells outside the brain. • lacrimal glandOne of a pair almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. Autonomic Nervous System • lacrimationShedding tears; crying. • motor rootThis carries presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers that terminate in the ganglion and create synapses for the postsynaptic fibers to travel to their target organs. • nicotinic receptorsAlso called nAChRs, these are cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels in the plasma membranes of certain neurons and on the postsynaptic side of the neuromuscular junction. • parasympatheticRelating to the part of the autonomic nervous system that inhibits or opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. • parasympathetic ganglionThe autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. • parasympathetic nervous systemOne of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system, based between the brain and the spinal cord, that slows the heart and relaxes muscles. • paravertebral gangliaLocated along the length of the sympathetic trunk, these ganglia are designated as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral and, except in the neck, closely correspond in number to the vertebrae. • peripheral nervous systemConsists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. • postganglionic fiberIn the autonomic nervous system, these are the fibers that run from the ganglion to the effector organ. • postganglionic neuronA nerve cell that is located distal or posterior to a ganglion. • postsynaptic neuronThe nerve cell that bears receptors for neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron. • preganglionic fiberIn the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the CNS to the ganglion are known as preganglionic fibers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. Autonomic Nervous System • preganglionic neuronThe nerve fibers that supply a ganglion. • pulmonary plexusAn autonomic plexus formed from the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. It supplies the bronchial tree and the visceral pleura. • referred painPain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. • reflex arcA neural pathway that controls an action reflex. There are two types of reflex arcs: the autonomic reflex arc that affects the inner organs, and the somatic reflex arc that affects muscles. • sensory rootThe proximal end of a dorsal afferent nerve that is attached to the spinal cord. • somaticPart of, or relating to, the body of an organism. • somatic nervous systemThe part of the peripheral nervous system that transmits signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, and from receptors of external stimuli, thereby mediating sight, hearing, and touch. • stress responseThis halts or slows down various processes, such as sexual responses and digestive systems, to focus on the stressor situation; this usually causes negative effects like constipation, anorexia, difficulty urinating, and difficulty maintaining sexual arousal. • sympathetic chain gangliaAlso called the paravertebral ganglia, these are located just ventral and lateral to the spinal cord. The chain extends from the upper neck down to the coccyx, forming the unpaired coccygeal ganglion. • sympathetic ganglionThe ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger, and are responsible for the familiar fight-or-flight response. • sympathetic nervous system (SNS)One of the three parts of the autonomic nervous system, along with the enteric and parasympathetic systems. Its general action is to mobilize the body's nervous system fight-or-flight response; it is also constantly active at a basal level to maintain homeostasis. • sympathetic rootThis carries postsynaptic sympathetic fibers that traverse the ganglion without crossing a synapse. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. Autonomic Nervous System • sympatho-adrenal responseAlso called the fight-or-flight response, this activates the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and, to a lesser extent, noradrenaline (norepinephrine). • vasoconstrictionThe constriction (narrowing) of a blood vessel. • vital functionA measure of various physiological states that life depends on, such as recording body temperature, pulse rate (or heart rate), blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  15. Autonomic Nervous System Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) The 2D structure of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is illustrated here. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Adrenergic receptor."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptorView on Boundless.com

  16. Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic nervous system The sympathetic nervous system extends from the thoracic to lumbar vertebrae and has connections with the thoracic, abdominal aortic, and pelvic plexuses. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray838."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray838.pngView on Boundless.com

  17. Autonomic Nervous System The human nervous system The major organs and nerves of the human nervous system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The Nervous System."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_Nervous_System%23Overview_of_the_entire_nervous_systemView on Boundless.com

  18. Autonomic Nervous System The subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system In the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic neurons connect the CNS to the ganglion. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray839."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray839.pngView on Boundless.com

  19. Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic ganglia of the head The parasympathetic division has craniosacral outflow, meaning that the neurons begin at the cranial nerves (CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10) and the sacral (S2–S4) spinal cord. Pre- and post-ganglionic fibers and targets are depicted. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Parasympathetic head ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parasympathetic_head_ganglia.jpgView on Boundless.com

  20. Autonomic Nervous System Postganglionic nerve fibers In the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic fibers (shown in light blue) carry information from the CNS to the ganglion. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Postganglionic fibers."License: Otherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postganglionic_fibersView on Boundless.com

  21. Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic ganglia of the head Parasympathetic ganglia of the head (shown as red circles) help supply all parasympathetic innervation to the head and neck. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Parasympathetic head ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parasympathetic_head_ganglia.jpgView on Boundless.com

  22. Autonomic Nervous System Ciliary ganglion The pathways of the ciliary ganglion include sympathetic neurons (red), parasympathetic neurons (green), and sensory neurons (blue). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ciliary ganglion pathways."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ciliary_ganglion_pathways.pngView on Boundless.com

  23. Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic trunk This section of the sympathetic trunk shows both the celiac and the hypogastric plexus. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Sympathetic trunk."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_trunkView on Boundless.com

  24. Autonomic Nervous System Acetylcholine The chemical structure of acetylcholine is depicted. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Acetylcholine."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AcetylcholineView on Boundless.com

  25. Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic ganglia of the head The parasympathetic division has craniosacral outflow, meaning that the neurons begin at the cranial nerves (CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10) and the sacral spinal cord (S2–S4). Pre- and post-ganglionic fibers and targets are depicted. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Parasympathetic head ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parasympathetic_head_ganglia.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. Autonomic Nervous System Nerve innervation of the autonomic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system, shown in blue, is a division of the autonomic nervous system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Connections of the Parasympathetic Nervous System."CC BY 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1503_Connections_of_the_Parasympathetic_Nervous_System.jpgView on Boundless.com

  27. Autonomic Nervous System Nerve innervation of the autonomic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system, shown in blue, is a division of the autonomic nervous system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray839."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray839.pngView on Boundless.com

  28. Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic ganglion This intercostal nerve shows the sympathetic ganglion at the top left. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray819."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray819.pngView on Boundless.com

  29. Autonomic Nervous System Nerve innervation of the autonomic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system, shown in blue, is a division of the autonomic nervous system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray839."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray839.pngView on Boundless.com

  30. Autonomic Nervous System Typical spinal nerve This schematic (but not anatomically correct) depiction of a typical spinal nerve indicates (1) somatic efferent fibers, (2) somatic afferent fibers, (3 to 5) sympathetic efferent fibers, and (6 and 7) sympathetic afferent fibers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray799."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray799.svgView on Boundless.com

  31. Autonomic Nervous System Adrenaline (epinephrine) The 2D structure of adrenaline (epinephrine) is illustrated. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Adrenergic receptor."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptorView on Boundless.com

  32. Autonomic Nervous System Adrenergic signal transduction This schematic shows the mechanism of adrenergic receptors. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are ligands to α1, α2, or β-adrenergic receptors. α1-receptors couple to Gq, resulting in increased intracellular Ca2+ and causing smooth muscle contraction. α2 receptors couple to Gi, causing a decrease in cAMP activity and resulting in smooth muscle contraction. β-receptors couple to Gs, increasing intracellular cAMP activity and resulting in heart muscle contraction, smooth muscle relaxation, and glycogenolysis. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Adrenergic receptor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptorView on Boundless.com

  33. Autonomic Nervous System Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Two different subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with alpha and beta subunits are shown. The acetylcholine binding sites are indicated by ACh. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Drug Discovery and Development: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Discovery_and_Development:_Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptor_AgonistsView on Boundless.com

  34. Autonomic Nervous System The subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system In the autonomic nervous system, preganglionic neurons connect the CNS to the ganglion. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray839."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray839.pngView on Boundless.com

  35. Autonomic Nervous System Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 This human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is bound to an antagonist (ACh). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor."CC0 1.0 Universalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptorView on Boundless.com

  36. Autonomic Nervous System Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors These schematics describe the heteromeric and homomeric nature of nAChRs. The heteromeric receptors found in the central nervous system are made up of 2 α and 3 β subunits with the binding site at the interface of α and adjacent subunit. Homomeric receptors contain 5 identical subunits and have 5 binding sites located at the interfaces between adjacent subunits. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Drug Discovery and Development: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Discovery_and_Development:_Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptor_AgonistsView on Boundless.com

  37. Autonomic Nervous System Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors NAchR are cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels in the plasma membranes of certain neurons and on the postsynaptic side of the neuromuscular junction. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Drug Discovery and Development: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Discovery_and_Development:_Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptor_AgonistsView on Boundless.com

  38. Autonomic Nervous System Atropine The 2D chemical structure of atropine is illustrated here. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Atropine."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AtropineView on Boundless.com

  39. Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy of an autonomic ganglion The sympathetic connections of the ciliary and superior cervical ganglia are shown in this digram. The postganglionic fibers travel from the ganglion to the effector organ. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray840."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray840.pngView on Boundless.com

  40. Autonomic Nervous System The brain stem with pituitary and pineal glands The medulla is a subregion of the brainstem and is a major control center for the autonomic nervous system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Illu pituitary pineal glands."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpgView on Boundless.com

  41. Autonomic Nervous System Attribution • Wikipedia."sympathetic root."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sympathetic%20root • Wikipedia."motor root."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/motor%20root • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system%23Physical_location • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_ganglia%23Parasympathetic_ganglia_of_the_head_and_neck • Wiktionary."parasympathetic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parasympathetic • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_ganglia%23Nerves_supplying_parasympathetic_fibers • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_ganglia • Wiktionary."lacrimal gland."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lacrimal_gland • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physiology/definition/sensory-root • Wikipedia."preganglionic fiber."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/preganglionic%20fiber • Wikipedia."Preganglionic nerve fibers."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preganglionic_nerve_fibers • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system • Wiktionary."cholinergic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cholinergic • Wiktionary."preganglionic neuron."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/preganglionic+neuron • Wiktionary."postsynaptic neuron."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/postsynaptic+neuron • Wiktionary."ganglion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ganglion Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  42. Autonomic Nervous System • Wikipedia."paravertebral ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/paravertebral%20ganglia • Wikipedia."fight or flight."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fight%20or%20flight • Wikipedia."Sympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_ganglia%23Anatomy • Wikipedia."Sympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_ganglia • Saylor."Human Physiology/The Nervous System."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Nervous-System.pdf • Wikipedia."sympathetic chain ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sympathetic%20chain%20ganglia • Wikipedia."Cardiac plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_plexus • Wikipedia."Cardiac plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_plexus • Wikipedia."Esophageal plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_plexus • Wikipedia."Superior hypogastric plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_hypogastric_plexus • Wikipedia."abdominal aortic plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/abdominal%20aortic%20plexus • Wikipedia."Abdominal aortic plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_aortic_plexus • Wikipedia."pulmonary plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pulmonary%20plexus • Wikipedia."Pulmonary plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_plexus • Wiktionary."autonomic plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autonomic+plexus • Wikipedia."Inferior hypogastric plexus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_hypogastric_plexus • Wikipedia."Peripheral nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Somatic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system%23Nerve_signal_transmission • Wikipedia."Somatic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system%23Nerve_signal_transmission Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  43. Autonomic Nervous System • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."peripheral nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/peripheral%20nervous%20system • Wikipedia."Somatic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system • Wiktionary."autonomic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autonomic • Wiktionary."somatic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somatic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system%23Receptors • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system%23Relation_to_sympathetic_nervous_system • Wiktionary."parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parasympathetic_nervous_system • Wiktionary."lacrimation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lacrimation • Wiktionary."acetylcholine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acetylcholine • Wikipedia."feed-and-breed."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feed-and-breed • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system%23Function • Wikipedia."fight or flight."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fight%20or%20flight • Wikipedia."vital function."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vital%20function • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system%23Function • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."fight or flight."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fight%20or%20flight Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  44. Autonomic Nervous System • Wiktionary."autonomic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autonomic • Wiktionary."vasoconstriction."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vasoconstriction • Wikipedia."Sympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system%23Overview • Wikipedia."Fight-or-flight response."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response • Wikipedia."Fight-or-flight response."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response%23Behavioral_manifestations_of_fight-or-flight • Wikipedia."Sympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system%23Information_transmission • Wikipedia."Fight-or-flight response."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response%23Physiology • Wikipedia."stress response."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stress%20response • Wikipedia."sympathetic nervous system (SNS)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sympathetic%20nervous%20system%20(SNS) • Wikipedia."sympatho-adrenal response."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sympatho-adrenal%20response • Wikipedia."Sympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Sympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system%23Function • Wikipedia."G protein-coupled receptors."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%20protein-coupled%20receptors • Wikipedia."Adrenergic receptor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor • Wikipedia."adrenoreceptor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/adrenoreceptor • Wiktionary."adrenergic receptor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adrenergic_receptor • Wikipedia."choline acetyltransferase."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/choline%20acetyltransferase • Wikipedia."Acetylcholine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine • Wikipedia."autonomic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/autonomic%20ganglia Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  45. Autonomic Nervous System • Wikipedia."Cholinergic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic • Wikipedia."nicotinic receptors."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nicotinic%20receptors • Wikipedia."Acetylcholine receptor."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine_receptor • Wikipedia."Phenylephrine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylephrine • Wikipedia."Drug Discovery and Development: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Discovery_and_Development:_Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptor_Agonists • Wikipedia."Acetylcholine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine • Wikipedia."beta-blockers."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/beta-blockers • Wikipedia."Atropine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropine • Wikipedia."Beta blockers."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blockers • Wiktionary."acetylcholinesterase."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acetylcholinesterase • Wikipedia."Nicotinic antagonist."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinic_antagonist • Wiktionary."atropine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atropine • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."postganglionic fiber."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/postganglionic%20fiber • Wiktionary."cholinergic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cholinergic • Wikipedia."Postganglionic fibers."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postganglionic_fibers • Wiktionary."adrenergic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adrenergic Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  46. Autonomic Nervous System • Wikipedia."Sympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physiology/definition/postganglionic-neuron • Wikipedia."reflex arc."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reflex%20arc • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."referred pain."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/referred%20pain • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system%23Sensation • Wiktionary."somatic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somatic • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic • Wikipedia."Autonomic ganglion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_ganglion • Wikipedia."parasympathetic ganglion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/parasympathetic%20ganglion • Wikipedia."Dorsal root ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglia • Wikipedia."Sympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_ganglia%23Anatomy • Wikipedia."Sympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_ganglia • Wikipedia."sympathetic ganglion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sympathetic%20ganglion • Wikipedia."dorsal root ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dorsal%20root%20ganglia • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic ganglia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_ganglia • Wikipedia."Sympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."Autonomic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system • Wikipedia."fight or flight."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fight%20or%20flight Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  47. Autonomic Nervous System • Wikipedia."Parasympathetic nervous system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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