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Operating Systems

Operating Systems. Introduction. What we have. A layer of software called the operating system Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, or Max OS X GUI (Graphical User Interface). Where OS fits in. WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?. H uge , complex, and long- lived

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Operating Systems

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  1. Operating Systems Introduction

  2. What we have • A layer of software called the operating system • Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, or Max OS X • GUI (Graphical User Interface)

  3. Where OS fits in

  4. WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? • Huge, complex, and long-lived • Linux or Windows is on the order of five million lines of code • The Operating System as an Extended Machine

  5. Operating systems

  6. Operating System as a Resource Manager • Operating systems allow multiple programs to run at the same time • Resource management includes multiplexing (sharing) resources • Allocating disk space and keeping track of who is using which disk blocks is a typical operating system resourcemanagement task.

  7. HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS • First Generation (1945-55) Vacuum Tubes • Second Generation (1955-65) Transistors and Batch Systems

  8. An early batch system

  9. Third Generation (1965-1980) ICs and Multiprogramming • The IBM 360 was the first major computer line to use (small-scale) Ics (Integrated Circuits) • CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System), was developed at M.I.T.

  10. The Fourth Generation (1980-Present) Personal Computers • In 1974, when Intel came out with the 8080 • CP/M (Control) Program for Microcomputers) • IBM designed the IBM PC • IBM PC/AT, came out in 1983 with the Intel 80286 CPU, MS-DOS

  11. COMPUTER HARDWARE REVIEW

  12. A typicalmemory hierarchy

  13. The structure of a large Pentium system

  14. Mainframe Operating Systems • Server Operating Systems • Multiprocessor Operating Systems • Personal Computer Operating Systems • Handheld Computer Operating Systems • Embedded Operating Systems • Sensor Node Operating Systems • Real-Time Operating Systems • Smart Card Operating Systems

  15. OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS • Processes • Protection • The Shell • Large Memories • Disks • Virtual Memory

  16. OPERATING SYSTEM STRUCTURE

  17. Structure of the THE operating system.

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