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The Skeletal system

The Skeletal system. Objectives. Students will identify the anatomy of the skeletal system Students will demonstrate understanding of bones & the functions of the skeletal system Students will demonstrate emergency assessment & care of skeletal injuries. Resources. Class Lecture Lab

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The Skeletal system

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  1. The Skeletal system

  2. Objectives • Students will identify the anatomy of the skeletal system • Students will demonstrate understanding of bones & the functions of the skeletal system • Students will demonstrate emergency assessment & care of skeletal injuries

  3. Resources • Class Lecture • Lab • Class notes

  4. Assessment • Vocabulary terms • Unit test • Skeletal Lab

  5. Anatomy

  6. Bones • Compose the Skeletal System • 5 Important functions • Support • Protection • Movement • Storage • Blood Cell Formation

  7. BONEs • Compact Bone – dense & smooth • Spongy Bone – small pieces with lots of open spaces

  8. Different Type of Bones • Long Bones – longer than wide • Leg bones • Arm bones • Short Bones – cube shaped & has more spongy bone • Ankle bones • Wrist bones • Flat Bones – thin, flattened, & curved • Skull Ribs Sternum • Irregular Bones – all other bones that do not fit in the other categories • Vertebrae

  9. Anatomy of Bones

  10. Anatomy of Bone • Diaphysis – long shaft of bone • Epiphysis – the 2 ends • Medullary canal – cavity of the diaphysis • Yellow marrow – mainly storage for fat cells in the medullary canal • Contains cells to make leukocytes • Endosteum – membrane that lines the medullary canal & keeps yellow marrow intact & bone growth • Periosteum – tough membrane on the outside of bone

  11. Bone formation & development • Ossification – Bone Development • 2 phases • Osteoblasts – bone forming cells • Osteoclasts – bone destroying cells Bone Remodeling – ability of bones to maintain their shape, strength, & proportions during growth & changes in body weight

  12. Bones of the Skull • Frontal Bone • Parietal Bones • Temporal Bones • Occipital Bone • Sphenoid Bone • Ethmoid Bone • Sinuses of the skull • Frontal • Ethmoid • Sphenoid • Maxillary

  13. Bones of the SKull

  14. Facial Bones • Maxillary Bones • Palentine Bones • Zygomatic Bones • Lacrimal Bones • Nasal Bones • Vomer Bones • Mandible Bones

  15. Sinuses

  16. Vertebrae • Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar

  17. Cervical Spine • C1 – Atlas • C2 – Axis • This joint allows you to nod & shake your head • 1 – 7 vertebraes

  18. Thoracic Spine • Consist of 12 vertebrae • T1 – T12 • Vertebrae are larger than cervical

  19. Lumbar Spine • Block – like vertebrae • L1 – L5 • Common back injury

  20. Chest & ribs • Sternum • Xiphoid Process • 12 pairs of ribs • 7 pairs of true ribs • 5 false or floating ribs

  21. Sacrum & Coccyx • Fusion of the 5 vertebrae • Coccyx – also known as the tailbone

  22. Arm & Shoulder Bones • Clavicle – Collar Bone • Scapula – shoulder blades • Humerus • Radius • Ulna

  23. Leg Bones • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula

  24. Pelvis Bones • Illium • Ischium • Pubis

  25. Differences in male & Female Pelvis

  26. Hands & Feet

  27. Hands & Feet • Metacarpals • Metatarsals • Phalanges

  28. joints • Area where 2 or more bones join together • 3 major types • Diarthrosis (Synovial) – free moving joints • Ball & Socket joints • Hips • Shoulders • Hinge joints • Elbow • Knees

  29. Amphiarthrosis- slightly movable • Thoracic vertebrae & the ribs • Symphysis pubis (2 pubic bones) • Synarthrosis – immovable; do not move • Sutures of the cranium

  30. FRactures

  31. Fractures • Closed (Simple) – bone breaks but does not come through the skin • Open (Compound) – broken bone that breaks through the skin • Comminuted – bone is broken into several pieces • Greenstick – one side of the bone is broken & other side is bent • Spiral – bone is twisted • Colles – break/dislocation distal radius • www.medterms.com

  32. Treatment for Fractures • Reduction – re-alignment of the bone • Closed – bone is lined up manipulation and traction, applying cast or splint • Open – bone is re-aligned by surgery & secured with wires & pins

  33. 4 major steps in fracture healing • Hematoma forms • Break is splinted by a fibrocartilage callus • Bone callus is formed • Remodeling occurs

  34. Diseases • Bursitis – inflammation of the bursae • Symptoms • Pain • Limited movement • Fluid accumulation in joint • Treatment • Pain meds • Injection of steroids • Anesthetics into affected joint • Rest • Physical therapy

  35. diseases • Arthritis – inflammation of the joints • Osteoarthritis – most common; chronic • Symptoms • Joint pain • Stiffness • Aching • Limited range of motion • Treatment • Rest • Heat/cold • Anti-flammatory medication • Exercise • Steroids

  36. Osteoarthritis

  37. Rheumatoid arthritis – chronic that affects connective tissue & joints • 3 x more common in women than men 35-45 • Symptoms • Atrophy of bone & muscles • Pain • Permanent deformity • Treatment • Antiflammatory meds • Steroids • Rest • surgery

  38. Rheumatoid arthritis

  39. 1st aid for fracturesLAB exercises • Splinting • Immobilization • Slings

  40. review

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