SITXOHS001B Follow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

1. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Workplace illness and injury Every year in Australia, around 700 workers die and some 300,000 are injured because of workplace illness and injury. Because of this very serious problem laws are very strict on workplace safety in Australia. As well as the problems or costs for the person who is injured there are also many other problems and costs that occur when people are injured or suffer illness at work. Human cost  Social cost Economic cost Organisational costs

2. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Policies and procedures What is the difference between a policy and a procedure? A policy is a statement about an issue in the workplace and says what the business intends to do about that issue. A procedure sets out step-by-step instructions on how to deal with an activity in the workplace.

3. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Warning signs Most workplaces will have warning signs around the building, on the walls and above doors, to warn staff and customers of hazards or to give instructions about the business.

4. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Some tasks we do can be dangerous if we do not protect ourselves, such as when we are using chemicals or dangerous equipment. • You may need to use PPE when: • Using a chemical to clean cooking equipment • Are working in transport areas such as a storeroom with forklifts • When using power tools to carry out maintenance work • When cleaning using any chemicals • When disposing of glass into bins • When working where heavy items are

5. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Reporting Unsafe Conditions • Sometimes managing a large organisation can be difficult and a manager cannot be everywhere all at once. • These may include: • Broken or damaged electrical appliances or cords. • Uneven floors or broken tiles. • Damage or missing machinery guards (slicer/ mixer). • Blocked fire exits. • Chemical spills. • Unsafe shelving. • Dangerous work practices. • Areas with poor lighting. • Damaged equipment.

6. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Activity 1 Case Study Mary needed some cleaning cloths, which were in a carton on the top shelf of the storeroom. She could not find the ladder so she used the lower shelves to climb up. Suddenly, one of the shelves did not take her weight and broke. As she fell, she grabbed another shelf to stop herself from falling. Because the shelves were free standing and not anchored into the floor or fixed onto the wall, the movement started the shelves falling – they landed on top of her. Paul raced to stop the shelves falling but was too late. He injured his arm in his effort to save Mary. Mary ended up in hospital and is now a paraplegic, while Paul was off work for six weeks with a broken arm.

7. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Activity 1 (cont.) What will Mary’s life be like after the injury? Give 3 ways this accident could be avoided

8. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Unsafe working conditions and practices Accidents don’t usually just happen. They are often a combination of factors that are the cause of the accident. Unsafe working conditions and practices can lead to injury, illness or even death. Hazards Obstructions Spills Poor maintenance No safety guards on machinery or equipment Poor lighting Incorrect storage Unsafe shelving Incorrect use of equipment

9. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Common hospitality injuries

10. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Inert gases form beverage systems Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Nitrogen (N) are two gases used by hospitality beverage systems to carbonate beers and soft drinks. These gases are usually stored in large gas cylinders. If these gas cylinders are stored in a ‘confined space’ such as a cellar or cool room then a leak from one of those cylinders can cause a build up of these gases and be a danger to anybody entering the confined space.

11. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES How dangerous is CO2 In normal air carbon dioxide is around 0.03% concentration. At 2% concentration it will double the rate of breathing. At 3% concentration blood pressure rises and hearing is impaired. At 5% concentration a person may be rendered unconscious and death can occur within 3 minutes.

12. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • How to avoid this problem: • Store these gas bottles in open air areas not confined spaces with low air flow. • Have staff trained and aware of the danger. • Install a gas monitor alarm. • With every cylinder change install new O rings. • Store gas cylinders upright with chains to hold them upright. • Don’t have too much in stock; a low stock lowers the risk. • Have inspections of system and monitoring alarm.

13. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Activity 2 Study the cartoons. Some represent hazards, others, accidents. Identify which is which, what might cause the problem, and if the problem is a hazard, how you would remove it from the workplace?

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17. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Accident prevention for the workplace • Use a dry oven cloth, not a dirty wet tea-towel when carrying or using hot pots, plates or dishes. • Use goggles and masks (PPE) when handling cleaning chemicals, or any chemicals that may have strong fumes, which may burn your eyes or throat. • Use gloves when handling chemicals. Some chemicals can cause bad burns. • You should NEVER lift and pour chemicals from a large container into a smaller one. • If you have to transfer chemicals from large containers into smaller containers, you should use pumps or taps. • When lifting, always keep your back straight and knees bent and lift with your legs. • Make sure you are trained how to use the equipment properly and safely at your workplace.

18. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Knife safety • Never attempt to catch a falling knife. • Never put knives in the water of a wash up sink • Keep knives sharp • Hand the handle to the other person when passing a knife. • When walking with a knife always hold the knife blade down. • Don’t throw or play with knives.

19. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Maintenance • Do not use faulty equipment. Electric shock is still one of the most common causes of injury in industry. • All power points and cords should be repaired by qualified service people. • Safety guards that are broken or missing should be replaced immediately. • Never try to repair equipment yourself. Remember, you are not an electrician, plumber or a qualified tradesperson..

20. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Storage • Correct storage for all products is essential whether they are chemicals, food, beverage or equipment. • Heavy items always should be placed on low/bottom shelves. Lighter items can be placed higher. • All shelves should be within comfortable reach, or safe ladders and steps should be available and USED. • Shelving should be safe, secure and strong enough for the type of goods to be stored on them. • Chemicals should always be stored in separate areas that are well ventilated and well away from any major source of heat, because some chemicals react to heat and may explode.

21. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Always make sure chemicals are labelled clearly, and follow the instructions for storage. • Be very careful when transferring chemicals into other containers and always make sure the new container is labelled. • Chemicals should never be stored near food or beverages. • Chemicals should never be mixed as this may cause an explosion and injury.

22. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Lighting Bad lighting is dangerous, causing people to fall and cut themselves or trip over obstacles they cannot see. It also causes eye strain as you try to concentrate on what you are doing and this makes your job harder. If there is poor lighting in the work area, it is important to look at how it can be improved.

23. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Spills and obstructions • Spills are also a major cause of accidents in the workplace. • If you spill it, clean it up as soon as possible. • If you did not spill it, still clean it up. • Major spills from large drums of liquid, overflows, etc... may need more than one person to clean up. • Check what type of spill it is by reading the instructions on the container. • Use safety equipment • Ask someone else to help for two reasons. • Place a ‘slippery floor’ sign at the place of the spill. • Let other staff and customers know that the floor is wet and slippery.

24. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Reporting machine faults • Do not expect your Manager or Supervisor to know that the equipment does not work. • If you use the equipment, you must inform them when something is not working or in need of repair. • Large premises usually have a system where all repairs are reported to the supervisor who fills in a maintenance request and sends it on to the Maintenance department.

25. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Activity 3 Look around your workplace and identify ten possible hazards. Explain how these hazards can be managed to ensure less risk of causing a workplace injury:

26. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • How to lift and carry • It is important that your work area is laid out correctly. • This will depend on: • Where and how equipment is laid out. • The height of the equipment or work benches. • The size and weight of mobile equipment. • How far you have to carry equipment or goods.

27. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • There are many safe ways of moving large, bulky or heavy equipment: • Cartons or objects that are large and heavy should always be lifted by two people onto a trolley for moving over a long distance. • If the carton or object is being lifted from the floor to a table, then two people should lift it together. • Large bulky equipment should be treated with care.

28. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES How to lift properly Bend the knees and keep your back straight!!

29. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • How to sit and stand • Some hospitality workers may work in an office environment. Working all day at a computer or sitting in an uncomfortable chair, can also lead to workplace injuries. • Office workstations • An office workstation may consist of: • The computer system - including monitor and keyboard. • The desk. • The chair.

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31. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Standing at a workstation • Basically the same principles apply. • The desk should be at the right height to enable you to stand erect without having to slouch over or reach up to the keyboard. • When keying in data, the keyboard should be at a level to allow your upper arms to hang freely by your side, with the forearms horizontal to the desk and the elbows at a 90 degree angle. • The top of the monitor should be at eye level, though here too, this is not always possible when stationed behind a desk.

32. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES The office working environment Lighting Temperature Air conditioning Appropriate posture Preventing RSI Exercise

33. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Activity 4 CASE STUDY The Four Star Hotel received complaints from guests involving personal articles being taken from their rooms. Hotel management did a security check and found that keys were being left out, after staff were finished with them, and had not been locked in the security cupboard as per procedure. Staff had also noticed a stranger wandering around the hotel in the staff areas, but none of them had reported this. This person had taken the keys and gone through the rooms. The person then had returned the keys to the office while it was unattended and left.

34. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Activity 4 (cont.) The Accounts department had also decided they were too busy to bank today, so they placed the day’s takings in a locked cupboard until the next day, because the Supervisor who had the key to the safe had gone home. The Duty Manager was also busy and decided he would ring the next day to have the fire extinguishers checked. He knew one was empty as they had had a small fire in the laundry two weeks ago and it was used then. List the security problems here

35. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Possible security solutions • Robbery • Never keep large amounts of cash on the property. • Clear the cash registers and bank regularly. If your workplace operates outside banking hours then there are ways to keep the cash secure, such as floor safes and time-switched safes. • Do not walk to the bank at a regular time, or routine direction. • Do not carry large amounts of cash in a shopping bag or money bag. • If large amounts of cash are banked daily, such in a large hotel or very busy restaurant, have the cash collected by a security service.

36. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Key control • If keys are lost or stolen, it can cost thousands of dollars to replace the locks and master keys to storerooms, guest rooms or other areas. • Do not leave keys lying around. • Do not let others use them. • Do not lend or give them to other staff members. • If you lose them, report it straight away. • If there is a theft from those areas, you will be held responsible.

37. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Security • Most workplaces have procedures which cover security and they can be any or all of the following: • Security cards with ID and position of employees. • Specified areas of staff access according to their jobs. • Specific rules as to how certain jobs are performed. • Sign in/out books or time clocks • Specific evacuation procedures. • Specific behaviour standards of staff and behaviour expectations of clientele. • OH&S procedures • Lock up procedures. • Cash-handling procedures. • Any other procedures to ensure security of staff, guests and their property.

38. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Undesirables The method of removing drunks or drug-affected and other suspicious or unusual characters is usually set by the manager. Lost and found Any property that you find must be handed in to your supervisor, manager or security as soon as possible.

39. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Activity 5 For the security problems identified in the previous activity give a solution to each

40. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Emergency situations Bomb threats Fire

41. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Classes of fire

42. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES • Equipment • Fire extinguishers and fire blankets must be available and in full working order. • Exit doors should be clearly marked and free of obstruction. • Smoke or fire alarms must be installed. • In large and well organised establishments, regular training is conducted in emergency evacuation procedures. • Never use the lift in the event of a fire. Lifts all have signs that clearly state ‘in the event of fire do not use lift’. • Follow the normal emergency procedures for your establishment.

43. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Fire blankets If the fire is small and contained, and it is SAFE to do so, try to extinguish the flames by using the fire extinguisher or fire blanket. You can use the fire blanket to wrap around a person on fire to put out the flames, or to wrap it around yourself as protection when you evacuate the area.

44. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Fire extinguishers Water type Water type extinguishers will have a solid red appearance. They are used for the following fires:

45. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Vaporising liquid type Vaporising liquid type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a yellow band. They are used for the following fires:

46. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Dry chemical powder type Dry chemical powder type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a white band. There are two types of dry chemical extinguishers ABE and BE and each type has different uses. ABE extinguishers are used for the following fires: BE extinguishers are used for the following fires:

47. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Carbon dioxide type Carbon dioxide type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a black band. They are used for the following fires:

48. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Foam type Foam type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a blue band (some older extinguishers of this type may have an appearance of solid blue). They are used for the following fires:

49. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Wet chemical type Wet chemical type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with an oatmeal band (some older extinguishers of this type may have an appearance of solid oatmeal). They are used for the following fires:

50. SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES Operation Quick consideration needs to be given before making the decision to fight a fire. In Australia the way to use a portable fire extinguisher is called the PASS system; this can be described by the following