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Pharmacoinformatics 1

Pharmacoinformatics 1. Mgr. Zdeněk Kučera, Ph.D. Remedia s.r.o kucera.aktualne.cz. Why?. You will realise within time ... (In the Czech Republic – „Law about drugs“ 79/97Sb 129/2003Sb, Pharmaceutical care, Postgraduate studies, ...).

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Pharmacoinformatics 1

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  1. Pharmacoinformatics 1 Mgr. Zdeněk Kučera, Ph.D. Remedia s.r.o kucera.aktualne.cz

  2. Why? • You will realise within time ... • (In the Czech Republic – „Law about drugs“ 79/97Sb 129/2003Sb, Pharmaceutical care, Postgraduate studies, ...) • Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information on it. Samuel Johnson quoted in Boswell's Life of JohnsonEnglish author, critic, & lexicographer (1709 - 1784) My preference – to know, where to find...

  3. Structure • Pharmacoinformatics as a discipline, basic ideas • Information sources – conception • Factographic information sources • IZIP

  4. Data • Words, letters, numbers, pictures اضيع Hi 123 a fictional android character in the Star Trek universe

  5. Information • It’s raining • 1+1 = 2; 1+1 = 3 - What is the FACT? • Information = a message received and understood • „informare“ - develop, project, imagine, • „informatio“ - imagination, notion • Wikipedia: see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information

  6. Information „everyday" sight • notification, news philosophical view • Property of physical reality to be structured communication view • The contain od the process of human communication ... kybernetic view • Report about objective reality, which function as feedback mathematic view • Energetic quantity, which value is proportional to the decrease of entropy of the system others see www.wikipedia.org

  7. Knowledge Informations, which we remember (we know where to find) Problem solving Main role – our knowledge: Know – how - empiricism Know – why – understanding of the „core“ = principle

  8. Evolution of the society according to access to the information • emergence of the writing – writing down to the „carrier“ • typography – Guttenberg, 1450 • technical inventions – telegraph, telephone, film, radio, TV, computers • digitalization of information, access on PC, Internet • IT • information literacy – ability to use IT • functional literacy – ability to search relevant information, capture them, understand, use

  9. Data, information, knowledge, fact - summary • Data • Entries; numbers, characters, lettes, pictures • Carriers of information, but only for man, which understand • Entry raw material for next processing • e.g. telephone book • Informations • Data, which we understand • Not neccessary true • Facts • Informations – true • Knowledge • Informations which we have in our minds • Scholarly – know-why, empiric – know-how

  10. Theory - Informatics • Informatics • The scientce, dealing with informations • What we can do with informations? • Collect • Control • Transport • Archive • Protect • Use • Search • Offer

  11. Medical Informatics • application of informatics in the health care system • informations are collected from the patient’s care • In the Czech Republic: • Czech Society of Medical Informatics and Scientific Information – www.medinfo.cz • In the World: • The International Medical Informatics Association www.imia.org • The American Medical Informatics Association www.amia.org

  12. Scope of medical informatics • Assessment of signals – RTG, CT • Systematic acquition (collection) of data • Collection and use of literal information • Assistance of decision-making od the health-care provider • Teaching, continual education

  13. Pharmacoinformatics • Pharmacoinformatics • Inter-disciplinary specialization, which deals with use of informatics in pharmacy • Aim – decision making support + integration of informations • Use – clinical pharmacology, clinicl pharmacy, pharmacokinetics, social pharmacy, (pharmacy software), DIC, education etc.

  14. Types of expert informations in pharmacy • Legal – www.mvcr.cz – law collection, EU:http://pharmacos.eudra.org/F2/review/index.htm , http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/ , www.curia.eu.int • Fiscal (taxes) • Technology, Drug Control –CR: Český lékopis, EU: • „Medicinal products (MP)“ – substance, CI, I, Side effects etc...

  15. Where to find? • Pharmacy • Hospitals • Information centres -drug information centres (FaF UK, SÚKL, hospital st. Anna) - toxicologic information centres (Na Slupi, biochemická odd.,…) • Authorities - SÚKL, SZÚ • Libraries - NLK - University libraries - State libraries - Academic libraries - library of Ministry of Healthcare • Internet - e-mail groups - search engines – Google, Quick, Altavista…….Boolean operátory)

  16. Information sources, literary sources • Information source • any(body)thing, who (what) gives you an information – colleague, documentation, video, and mainly... • Literary information sources – publications, mohographs, textbooks, but databases as well – Medline, Ebsco, Proquest – and information on the Internet

  17. Information sources • printed • audiovisual • electronical

  18. Categorization of literary information sources 1 • Novelty • Primary – original results of any research– CS, CC, RCT, substance synthesis … • Secondary – review – from primary and other secondary sources, „literature at the end“ - often • Tertiary – Summaries from P, S, T sources, „without literature or aggregated literature“ – compendia, textbooks

  19. Categorization of literary information sources 2 • Frequency • ISBN International Standard Book Number – non-periodical - monographs, textbooks, collections, dictionaries, encyclopedies • ISSN – International Standard Serial Number) periodicals - journals • Accessibility • Published – ISSN, ISBN • Grey literature – bez ISSN, ISBN – disertation, diploma works • Commercial literature • Unpublished sources • Refereeing = peer review • Peer-reviewed – scholarly journals • Not reviewed Impact factor

  20. Dělení literárních informačních zdrojů 3 • Dependent/ Independent • Aim – independent informations • Cochrane Collaboration • International Society of Drug Bulletins - http://66.71.191.169/isdbweb/pag/index.php

  21. Impact factor 2004 IF = Criterion of quality od the journal

  22. ISBN The ISBN is a unique machine-readable identification number, which marks any book unmistakably. For 30 years the ISBN has revolutionized the international book-trade. 159 countries and territories are officially ISBN members. http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/international/history.asp

  23. ISSN • Periodicals (Journals) • ¨National Centres

  24. Factographic information sources • Complete information from P, S, T sources

  25. Codes • ATC classification – substances - WHO – Oslo – 5 levels, 7 digit, previously Nordisk, C10AB01 • EMEA= EU number: EU/1/00/130/001 CR: • SÚKL code – during registration process – • specific for name, form, strength, package size, producer • registration number – during registration process – not package size, producer

  26. Faktografické informační zdroje – databáze - ČR • Databases • MV-AISLP + Infopharm Compendium • Pharmindex systém • PDK číselník • Sources of data - institutions: • Číselník VZP – General Health Insurance Company • AISLP – SÚKL – SPC, leaflet

  27. Mikro-verze AISLP • 198x – start • AISLP – Automatizovaný informační systém léčivých přípravků • From AISLP - Mikro-verze AISLP • Today: • AISLP – dtb of human drugs - SÚKL • Mikro-verze AISLP – RNDr. Bohuslav Škop CSc. – commerce product

  28. Moduly • MVA - Mikro-verze AISLP • human drugs • veterinary drugs • homeopatics • PZT – Medical Devices • PFA – parafarmaceutics

  29. Struktura MVA Schéma 1.: Structure

  30. Compendium Infopharmu • Drug Interactions • 5 levels of interaction danger • Remedia Compendium • ATC system – primary - substance • Číselník VZP

  31. Pharmindex system • Brevíř • Kompendium • book form • CR-ROM www.medimedia.cz

  32. Factographic databases - foreign MICROMEDEX • 4× a year • system dtb od Co Thomson • for 30 years • 88% of top 203 US Hospitals Trusts Micromedex Micromedex: • Drugdex • Poisindex • Diseasedex • Reprorisk + external dtb: Martindale Index Nominum USP DI • http://www.micromedex.com/products/healthcare/index.html - see factsheets of particular databases

  33. Micromedex - tutorial http://www.micromedex.com/support/training/online_tutorials/hcs/modules/module_0/index.htm

  34. Encyklopedie • www.wikipedia.org - free open project ! • www.britannica.com – something free, mainly charged

  35. Karolinska Typy vyhledávacích služeb Vyhledávací služba:podle způsobu indexování rozlišujeme vyhledávání podle: klíčových slov titulu – katalogy plného obsahu kompletního dokumentu (fulltext) – vyhledávače Katalog (rozcestník, directory): hierarchická struktura, hledání volbou hesel v menu (browsing). Nevýhoda: nezahrnuty vždy všechny zdroje Vyhledávač (search engine): hledání zadáním klíčového slova (searching). Nevýhoda: výsledek často rozsáhlý, nepřehledný Obecné Specializované

  36. Catalogues: • www.dmoz.org – The Open Directory Project is the largest, most comprehensive human-edited directory of the Web. It is constructed and maintained by a vast, global community of volunteer editors.

  37. Search engines Spider=crawler – program, který prochází stránky, indexuje je, ukládá do dtb • http://searchenginewatch.com/links/article.php/2156221 • http://www.searchengineshowdown.com/ • www.google.com • www.alltheweb.com • www.altavista.com • … • www.atlas.cz • www.seznam.cz • www.centrum.cz • jyxo.cz

  38. Obecné principy vyhledávání • Boolean operators • AND, OR, NOT • proximitive letters • *, ? • Phrases • „ „ • Fields • Title, URL, … • Formats • .pdf, .jpeg, .gif, .doc, .xls atd…

  39. Comparison of search engines http://searchenginewatch.com/links/article.php/2156221 http://www.searchengineshowdown.com/

  40. Bibliographic databases • Secondary information sources, database of abstracts and other information (e.g. citation) from excerpted journals • Database: Articles are „divided“ into fieldsTI – title • AU – authorDP – datum , etc.

  41. Fields?

  42. General bibliographic databases Medline • National Library of Medicine, Bethesda. • English primary literature. • 4500 journals . • www.pubmed.com

  43. General bibliographic databases Embase • Elsevier Science • Mainly more European journals • 4000 journals. • http://bi.cuni.cz for Charles University, not free.

  44. Brána k informacím

  45. Medline Medline • from 1966. • 86% English articles. • 76% with abstract. • Annualy 400 000 citations. • 12 mil. records • MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) – internal dictionary of „key words“

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