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Unit 6

Unit 6. Urology and Gynecology. Urology. Study of urinary tract Forms urine from excess water and waste materials Eliminates urine from body ur/o = combining form. Urinary System. Urological Terms.

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Unit 6

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  1. Unit 6 Urology and Gynecology

  2. Urology • Study of urinary tract • Forms urine from excess water and waste materials • Eliminates urine from body • ur/o = combining form

  3. Urinary System

  4. Urological Terms • ur/o/logist = physician specialist who treats male and female urinary systems and male reproductive system • ur/in/alysis = testing of urine • ur/o/pathy = any disease of urinary tract

  5. Urination Conditions

  6. Urination Conditions

  7. Kidneys • ren/o = combining form • renal = adjectival form • Examples: • ren/o/pathy = any kidney disease • ren/o/gram = x-ray record of kidney

  8. Terms with ren/o • reno/intestinal = pertaining to kidney and intestine • reno/gastric = pertaining to kidney and stomach

  9. Nephrons • Functional unit of kidney • Filter blood to remove waste and excess water • nephr/o = combining form • Also refers to kidney

  10. Kidney Conditions • nephr/itis = inflammation of kidney • nephr/o/ptosis = prolapse or displacement of kidney • Can occur from hard blow • Kidney belts protect

  11. Kidney Conditions • nephro/o/malac/ia = kidney softening • nephr/o/megaly = kidney enlargement • nephr/o/lith = stone in kidney

  12. Kidney Procedures • nephr/o/plasty = surgical repair of kidney • nephr/o/lysis = destruction of kidney tissue • nephr/o/rrhaphy = suturing of kidney • nephr/o/pexy = fixation of prolapsed kidney • -pexy = putting prolapsed organ back in place

  13. Renal Pelvis • Area at center of kidney where urine collects and is funneled into ureter • pyel/o = combining form

  14. Renal Pelvis Conditions • pyel/o/itis = inflammation of renal pelvis • pyel/o/nephr/itis = inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney

  15. Renal Pelvis Procedures • pyel/o/gram = x-ray of renal pelvis • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) • pyel/o/plasty = surgical repair of renal pelvis

  16. Ureters • Tubes through which urine runs from kidney to bladder • ureter/o = combining form • Example: • ureter/o/pathy = any disease of ureter

  17. Ureteral Conditions • ureter/o/lith = stone in ureter • ureter/o/cele = herniation of ureter • ureter/o/py/osis = condition involving pus in ureter • ureter/o/pyel/itis = inflammation of ureter and renal pelvis

  18. Ureteral Procedures • ureter/o/rrhaphy = suturing of ureter • ureter/o/cyst/o/stomy = making new opening between ureter and bladder • ureter/o/pyel/o/plasty = surgical repair of ureter and bladder

  19. Urethra • urethr/o = combining form • Examples: • urethr/o/spasm = spasm of urethra • urethr/o/tomy = incision in urethra • urethr/o/rrhaphy = suturing of urethra

  20. Urethral Terms • urethr/o/rect/al = pertaining to urethra and rectum • urethr/o/vaginal = pertaining to urethra and vagina • urethr/o/cyst/itis = inflammation of urethra and vagina

  21. Animation Click Here to Play Urine Formation Animation

  22. Male Reproductive System

  23. Animation Click Here to Play Male Reproductive Animation

  24. Spermatozoa • Male germ cells • Origin • Greek • sperma = seed • spermat/o and sperm/o(i) = combining forms

  25. Spermatozoa • Examples: • spermat/o/genesis = formation of sperm • spermat/oid = resembling sperm • Terms for immature sperm: • spermat/o/blast • sperm/o/blast

  26. Spermatozoa • spermat/o/pathy = disease of sperm • spermat/o/cele = herniated saclike structure containing sperm • spermat/o/cyst = sac containing sperm

  27. Spermatozoa • Terms for destruction of sperm: • spermat/o/lysis • spermo/lysis • sperm/i/cide = agent used to kill sperm • -cide = kill or destroy

  28. Animation Click Here to Play Sperm Formation Animation

  29. Testes • testes = testicals • testis = singular form • testicular = adjectival form • Three combining forms: • orchid/o • orchi/o • orch/o

  30. Structures of the Testes

  31. Testicular Conditions • Terms for testicular pain: • orchid/algia • orchid/o/dynia • Examples: • orchid/o/cele = herniation of testicle • crypt/orchid/ism = undescended testicle • Occurs when testicle fails to drop from abdominal cavity around time of birth

  32. Testicular Conditions • Testicular cancer • Very serious condition • Occurs most frequently between ages 18 and 35 • Testicular self-exam (TSE) recommended

  33. Testicular Procedures • orchid/o/tomy = incision in testicles • orchid/o/plasty = surgical repair of testicles • orchi/o/pexy = surgery to correct cryptorchidism

  34. Prostate Gland • Secretes fluid that is added to sperm to create semen • prostat/o = combining form • protat/ic = adjectival form

  35. Enlarged Prostate • Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) • Enlargement of prostate • Causes: • Increase in number of cells • Aging

  36. Prostatic Conditions and Procedures • prostat/itis = inflammation of prostate gland • prostat/o/rrhea = abnormal flow or discharge in prostate gland • protat/algia = prostate pain • prostat/ectomy = removal of prostate gland

  37. Vas Deferens • Ducts or vessels that convey sperm from testicles to urethra • vas/o = combining form • Can be used to mean other types of vessels

  38. Vas Deferens Procedures • vas/o/tomy = incision in vas deferens • vas/o/rrhaphy = suturing of vas deferens • vas/o/stomy = creation of new opening in vas deferens • vas/ectomy = removal of segment of vas deferens • Procedure used for sterilization

  39. Semen • Fluid that contains sperm • Also known as seminal fluid • semin/o = combining form • Example: • semin/al vesicles = secrete fluid that combines with prostatic fluid and sperm

  40. Seminoma • Malignant neoplasm • Generated by spermatoblast cells in a testis • Occurs most often in young men

  41. Penis • pen/o = combining form • pen/ile = adjectival form • Example: • pen/itis = inflammation of penis

  42. Impotence • Inability to have erection • Causes: • Trauma • Prostatectomy • Diabetes • Penile implant • Device filled with fluid to produce erection

  43. Glans Penis • Structure at distal portion (far end) of penis • balan/o = combining form • Examples: • balan/itis = inflammation of glans penis • balan/o/rrhea = discharge of glans penis • balan/o/plasty = surgical repair of glans penis

  44. Scrotum • Saclike structure than contains testes • scrot/o = combining form • scrot/al = adjectival form • Example: • pen/o/scrot/al = pertaining to penis and scrotum

  45. Female Reproductive System

  46. Animation Click Here to Play Female Reproductive System Animation

  47. Gynecology • gynec/o/logy = study of functions and diseases of women • Especially female reproductive system • gynec/o/logic = pertaining to gynecology • gynec/o/logist = physician who specializes in female disorders

  48. Gynecology • gyn/o/pathy = any disease peculiar to women • gynec/oid = resembling women • gyn/e/phobia = abnormal fear of women

  49. Ovum • Mature female reproductive cell • Egg • ova = plural form • o/o = combining form

  50. Ovum • Example: • o/o/blast = embryonic egg cell • Cell that will become ovum • o/o/genesis = formation and development of ovum • Completed when ovum fertilized by spermatozoon

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