UPSC Syllabus 2022-23 - GS Score

3. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 HISTORY ANCIENT HISTORY      oHarappan Religion oHarappan Economy oHarappan Burial System oHarappan Art & Architecture oDecline of Harappan Culture 1. Pre Historic Cultures in India          oSources of Pre History oPeriodization of Indian pre history oStone Age oPalaeolithic (2 million BC – 10,000 BC) oMesolithic (10,000 BC – 8,000 BC) oNeolithic (8000 BC – 4000 BC) oChalcolithic Age (4000 BC – 1500 BC) oIron Age (1500 BC-200 BC) oImpact of Iron  4. Vedic Society     oOriginal Home of Aryans oFeatures of Aryan Culture oVedic Texts & Upanishad oSources for Reconstructing Vedic Society and Culture oGeography of the Rig Vedic Period and Geography of the later Vedic Phases oEconomic Conditions oPolitical Organisation and Evolution of Monarchy oSocial Organisation and Varna System oReligion and Thought    2. Pastoral & Farming Communities      oNeolithic Phase oChalcolithic Phase oEarly Iron Phase oGeographical Distribution and Characteristics     3. Indus Valley Civilization 5. Pre Mauryan-Period    oHarappan civilisation or Indus Valley Civilisation oMajor Cities Town Planning oHarappan Internal & Foreign Trade oAgriculture oDomestication of animals oCrafts oWeights and Measures oScript and Language oHarappan Society          oAge of 2nd Urbanisation oFormation of states oThe Sixteen Mahajanapadas oGana Sangha or Republics oRise of urban centres oEvolution of Coins oHaryanka dynasty oShishunaga dynasty oNanda dynasty         GS SCORE 1 www.iasscore.in

4. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  6. Growth of Jainism and Buddhism 9. Imperial Guptas           oSources of Gupta Rule oPolitical history of Guptas oFa-hien oGupta Administration oDevelopment of Art & Culture oGupta: Age of Golden age oEconomic Conditions oUrban centres in Gupta period   oJainism oBuddhism   7. The Mauryan Empire        oChandragupta and Bindusara oThe Arthasastra oMegasthenes oAsoka and His Successors oAsoka’s Inscriptions and Sites oAsoka’ a Dhamma oMauryan. Administration, Economy, Society and Art oDecline of Maurya  10. Harshavardana         oSources for Harsha’s Period oEarly life of Harsha oHarsha’s Administration oImportant Officials of the empire oEconomy under Harsha oHuen Tsang oSociety oReligion     8. Post-Mauryan India (BC 200- AD 300)  oArrival of Indo-Greeks, Shakas, Parthians & Kushana oCommercial Contacts with the Outside World oSatavahanas and Other Indigenous Dynasties oSociety: Evolution of Jatis oSangam Texts-and Society oSchools of Art: Gandhara; Mathura ; Amravati   11. The Southern Dynasties     oThe Satavahanas (230 BC TO AD 225) oThe Pallavas (AD 330–796) oThe Chalukyas (AD 535–1190) oThe Pandyas of Madurai (AD 590–1323)  oThe Chola Dynasty (AD 850–1310) oRashtrakutas (AD 753–973)        MEDIEVAL HISTORY       oBabur’s problems after the Battle of Panipat oStruggle with Rana Sanga oProblems of the Eastern Areas and the Afghans oBabur’s Contribution and Significance of his Advent into India 1. Central Asian Politics and the Advance of Babur towards India     oThe Timurids oThe Timurid-Uzbek and Uzbek-Iran Conflict and Babur oBabur’s Advance towards India   3. Struggle for Empire in North India 2. Struggle for Empire in North- India (Afghans, Rajputs and Mughals)   oHumayun and the Afghans oEarly Activities of Humayun, and the Tussle with Bahadur Shah  oStruggle between Ibrahim Lodi and Babur the Battle of Panipat GS SCORE 2 www.iasscore.in

5. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23    oThe Gujarat Campaign oThe Bengal Campaign, and Struggle with Sher Khan o Policies and religious toleration 8. The Deccan and the Mughals (Upto 1657)     4. The Establishment of the North Indian Empire    oThe Deccani States upto 1595 oMughal Advance towards the Deccan oMughal Conquest of Berar, Khandesh and Parts of Ahmadnagar oRise of Malik Ambar, and Frustration of  oMughal Attempt at Consolidation (1601-27) oExtinction of Ahmadnagar, Acceptance  of Mughal oSuzerainty by Bijapur and Golconda oShah Jahan and the Deccan (1636-57) oCultural Contribution of the Deccani States    oThe Surs oSher Shah’s Early Life oSocial and Political Background of Bihar and the Rise of Sher Shah to Power. oThe Sur Empire (1540-56) oContributions of Sher Shah          5. Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire - Akbar   oConflict with the Afghans - Hemu oStruggle with the Nobility: Bairam Khan’s oRegency; Revolt of Uzbek Nobles oEarly Expansion of the Empire (1560-76) - Malwa, Garh-Katanga, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Eastern India oRelations with the Rajputs - Growth of a Composite Ruling Class oRebellions, and Further Expansion of the Empire in the North West 9. Foreign Policy of the Mughals     oAkbar and the Uzbeks oThe Question of Qandahar and Relations with Iran oShah Jahan’s Balkh Campaign oMughal - Persian Relations -the Last Phase     10. India in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century 6. State and Government under Akbar  oJahangir’s Accession - his Early Difficulties oTerritorial Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire - Mewar, East India and Kangra oNur Jahan, and the Nur Jahan ‘Junta’ oThe Rebellions of Shah Jahan, and the coup de main of Mahabat Khan oJahangir as a Ruler oState and Religion in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century oShah Jahan - Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire oEvolution of the Mughal Ruling Class and the Mansabdari System   oAkbar’s Concept of Suzerainty oStructure of Government, Central and Provincial - the Vikalat, the Central Ministries, Provincial oGovernment, District and Local Government oThe Working of Government - the Ruler, Land-Revenue System, the Dahsala System, the Mansabdari oSystem and the Army            7. Akbar’s Religious Views   oRelations with the Ulama and Social Reforms oThe Early Phase (1556-73) oThe Second Phase (1573-80) - the Ibadat Khana oDebates - the Mahzar - Breach with Orthodox oUlama - Re-organisation of Madadd-i-Maash Grants oThird or Final Phase - Din-i-Ilahi – State    11. Aurangzeb - Religious Policies, North India and the Rajputs     oWar of Succession oReligious Policy : First Phase (1658-79) oReforms and Puritanical Measures, Hindu  GS SCORE 3 www.iasscore.in

6. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23   oTemples, Jizyah; Second Phase (1679-1707) oTerritorial Consolidation and Expansion of Empire - North India oPopular Revolts - Jats, Satnamis, Afghans and Sikhs oBreach with Marwar and Mewar oTrend of India’s Economy and Prospects during the First Half of the Eighteenth Century  15. Religion, Fine Arts, Science and Technology    oReligion- Hindu Religion, Sikh Religion, Islam oFine Arts - Architecture, Painting, Languageand Literature, Music oScience and Technology     12. Climax and Crisis of the Mughal Empire the Marathas and the Deccan     oRise of the Marathas - Early Career of Shivaji - oTreaty of Purandar - the Agra Visit oShivaji’s Swarajya - Administration and Achievements oAurangzeb and the Deccani States (1658-87) oMarathas and the Decean (1687-1707) oAssessment of Aurangzeb and the Jagirdari Crisis 16. Northern India in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century    oBahadur Shah I, and the Beginning of the Struggle oFor Wizarat - Rajput Affairs - Marathas and the oDeccan - Accentuation of the Party Struggle oStruggle for ‘New’ Wizarat: Zulfiqar Khan and Jahandar Shah (1712-13) oThe Saiyid Brothers’ Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat oThe Saiyid ‘New’ Wizarat oThe Wizarat of M. Amin Khan and Nizam-ul-Mulk oRise of Regional States, Beginning of Foreign Invasions of India (1725-48)        13. Society-Structure and Growth          oRural Society oTowns and Town Life oArtisans and Master-Craftsmen oWomen oServants and Slaves oStandard of Living oThe Ruling Classes - Nobility, Rural Gentry oThe Middle Strata oThe Commercial Classes  17. The Maratha Bid for Supremacy    oThe Marathas and their Policy of Expansion oThe Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk oThe Maratha Advance into Gujarat and Malwa oThe Maratha Advance into Doab and Punjab: oFirst Phase (1741-52); Second Phase (1752-61); oThird Battle of Panipat      14. Economic Life-Patterns and Prospects    oInland Trade oOverseas Trade - Role of Foreign Trading oCompanies - Position of Indian Merchants Over-land Trade oThe Mughal State and Commerce      MODERN HISTORY        oRegional powers in 18th Century oThe British conquest of India o Carnatic Wars 1. Scenario before 1857  oLater Mughals GS SCORE 4 www.iasscore.in

7. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23           oBattle of Plassey & Buxar oAnglo-Mysore War oAnglo Punjab War oBritish Administration before 1857 oBritish Economic Policy oTripuri session – 1939 oAugust offer oIndividual Satyagarha 1940-41 6. Towards achievement of freedom    2. Revolt of 1857  oPopular struggles in the princely states o2nd World War and Nationalist response       oCauses for revolt of 1857 oLeaders of revolt of 1857 oSuppression of revolt of 1857 oNature of revolt of 1857 oConsequences of Revolt of 1857  7. Partition of India     oRise of Communalism oWavell plan oCabinet Mission Plan oMountbatten plan   3. Early Nationalism oIndian National Movement (1858-1905)  oEarly Nationalists and Swadeshi Movement oGovernment of India Act 1909 oHome rule league movement   8. During the freedom struggle  oIndian Renaissance/Socio-Religious Movement oCivil Rebellions during British oTribal Movements during British Period  oPeasant’s Movement during British Period oWorking class Movement (1850-1900) oGrowth of communalism oLeft and Communist trends in National  Movement      4. The struggle for Swaraj   oMontague’s statement – Aug 1917 oEmergence of Gandhi – as a mass leader  oKhilafat & Non-Cooperation Movement  (NCM) oSwaraj Party oRevolutionary Terrorism phase II (1920’s) oSimon Commission and Nehru report     oPress and Education during British Period oRole of Women in Freedom Struggle oGovernor Generals of India oViceroys of India oImportant persons oImportant news paper/journals Congress sessions         5. Intimation of freedom     oCivil Disobedience Movement oRound table conference oPoona pact oGovernment of India Act 1935 POST INDEPENDENCE INDIA  oAccession of States under France and Portuguese oAccession of Sikkim oRehabilitation of the Refugees oFederal crisis 1. Re-organisation of states  oConstitutional provisions related to State formtion oFactors that lead to merger oAccession of the princely states      GS SCORE 5 www.iasscore.in

8. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23    oRegional aspirations, insurgencies and areas of tension 8. Overview Of Economic Development Since Independence  oAccommodation and national integration  oPlanning in India  9. Agriculture 2. Linguistic Regionalism In India      oIndustry oService sector oCurrent challenges facing the Indian economy  oConstitutional position and language policy   oLanguage and regionalism oRecent controversy due to rise of Hindi     oAgriculture oJourney through Five Year Plans oLand Reforms oPost Green Revolution Agricultural oIssues oAgrarian Movements oAchievements in Agriculture Since Independence 3. Tribal Issue and Policy Consolidation   oIssues & Present Status oPolicy consolidation      4. Issue of Women and Evolution of Women Movement  oRecent Challenges     oIssues & challenges oWomen movements oGovernment policy response and legislation 10. Industry  oIndustrial development since independence      oPublic sector since independence oSectoral Development oPrivate Sector since Independence oIndustrial Policy since Independence oMake in India  oGovernmental schemes    5. Problem of Caste And Social Consolidation     oCaste practices in India oAmbedkar Movement oConstitutional provisions oRecent government initiatives for emancipation of Scheduled Castes  11. New Economic Policy  oImpact of New Economic Policy  oIssues of Manual Scavenging 12. Post-Independence Policy Of Science And Technology     6. Communalism & Social Consolidation  oIndia’s Policy in the Field of the Science and Technology    oSecularism oCauses of Communalism in India oConsequences of the communalism and social consolidation  oInstitutional Framework for Science and Technology Development  oScience and Technology In Pre- Reform Period  oImpact of Economic Reform on the Science and Technology in India: 7. Issue Of Linguistic Minorities   oOperational Inefficiency oGovernment initiatives   oNew Policy Initiatives in the S&T oAgenda of the Skill Training GS SCORE 6 www.iasscore.in

9. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  WORLD HISTORY    1. Beginning of Modern Age 6. World War-I                   oDisintegration of the Feudal System oRenaissance oHumanism oArt and Architecture oLiterature oScience oReformation etc. oExplorations, Discovery, Trade oColonization – Rise of Nation State oThe English Revolution oMajor causes of the war oCourse of the war oAnalysis of major events of the war oConsequences of World War I oAftermath of World War I oLeague of Nations  7. Russian Revolution       oMajor events in pre-revolution Russia oCauses oCourse of revolution oConsequences oAftermath of the war oPost-Lenin Russia   2. French Revolution      oCauses oThe revolution in France oFrance under Napoleon oImpact of revolution oSignificance of revolution  8. Inter-War Years (1919 To 1939)   oThe Great Depression oThe Great Depression- an economic perspective oRise of Fascism in Italy oRise of Nazism in Germany oSoviet Union (USSR)   3. Nationalism in Europe       oRise of the nation- state system oUnification of Italy oUnification of Germany  9. World War- II   4. Colonialism and Imperialism      oFoundations of the war oCourse of the war oAftermath of war oAnalysis of the war oDecolonization phase     oColonialism oThe age of Imperialism (1870-1914) oImperialism in Asia oAnalysis of Colonialism    10. Development In Middle East 5. Emergence of USA    oDemocratic reforms in Middle East oArab nationalism oIsrael   oFoundation of American Colonies oThe Independence of United States of America oThe American Revolutionary War oWhat was the impact of American Revolution? oPolitical Effects of the Revolution oHow did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution? oUS Civil War oImpact of Civil War on USA oGlobal Impact of US Civil War oImpact on India    11. Cold War   oReasons oDevelopment of Cold War (1945-1953) oTo what extent was there a there thaw after 1953?        GS SCORE 7 www.iasscore.in

10. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23   oNuclear Arms Race and the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) oRise of China 13. Communism, Socialism and Capitalism 12. Post Cold-War World       oGlobal issues since 1991 oIntegration of Europe oEuropean integration- a timeline oRise of global Islamic terrorism oCapitalism (concept, types and example)  oCommunism (concept, types, example)  oRelevance of capitalism in present era oSocialism     INDIAN CULTURE    1. Visual Art 3. Indo-Islamic Architecture                 oSculptures of Harappan Civilisation oSculptures of Mauryan Age oPost-Mauryan Period oJain Sculptures oBuddhist Sculpture oGupta Sculpture oMedieval School of Sculpture oModern Indian Sculpture oImperial Style Delhi Sultanat oProvincial Style oMughal Style oSikh Style of Architecture oRajput Architecture oSalient features  4. Modern Architecture      oEuropean Influence oIndo-Saracenic Architecture oPost-Independence Period 2. Architecture in Ancient India                      oHarappan Period oMauryan Architecture oPost-Mauryan Period Gupta Period oTemples of Khajuraho oTemples of Odisha oTemples of Gwalior oTemples of Gujarat oTemples of Rajasthan oTemples of Bengal oTemples of Assam oTemples of Himachal Pradesh oTemples of Jammu and Kashmir oPallava Period oChola Period oPandya Temples oVijaynagar Period oNayakaTemples oTemples of Kerala oVesara Style oHoysala Style oRashtrakuta Period  5. Indian Paintings  oTradition of Mural Paintings in India oTradition of Miniature Paintings in India  oPaintings in the Deccan oRajput School of Painting oPahari School of Painting oMiniature Painting in South India oRegional Paintings oModern Paintings oContemporary Paintings         6. Pottery Tradition in India      oOchre:Coloured Pottery(OCP) oBlack and Red Ware (BRW) oPainted GreyWare (PGW) oNorthern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) oGlazed and Unglazed Pottery  7. Music in India  oMain Pillars of Indian Music GS SCORE 8 www.iasscore.in

11. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23      oForms of Indian Music oMusical Instruments oInstitutions Related to Music 14. Bhakti & Sufi Movements    oBhakti Movement oVaishnava Acha:ryas:Metaphysical Foundation oOther Saints of Bhakti Movement oMaharashtra Dharma oSufism   8. Dances in India         oConcept of Dance in India oConcept of Ashta Nayika oEight Classical Dance Forms in India oFolk Dances oModern Dances  15. Languages & Literature in India                  oSanskrit Literature oPali Literature oPrakrit Literature oTamil Literature oTelugu Literature oMalayalam Literature oKannada Literature oOdia Literature oAssamese Literature oBengali Literature oGujarati Literature oRajasthani Literature oPunjabi Literature oMarathi Literatur oHindi Literature oPersian Literature oUrdu Literature   9. Martial Arts in India   oGenesis of Martial Arts oForms of Traditional Martial Arts   10. Indian Theatre     oClassical Sanskrit Theatre oRegional Theatre oModern Theatre oRenaissance of Indian Theatre   11. Indian Puppetry       oString Puppets oShadow Puppets oRod Puppets oGlove puppets oModern Puppetry oTribal Puppetry  16. Miscellaneous Topics   12. Indian Cinema        oIndian Handicrafts oIndian Universities oPersonalities Related to Culture oPlaces of Cultural Interest oFairs and Festivals in India oCultural Institutions in India oAwards and Honours Associated with Culture oThe Calendar oThe Eras oScience and Technology in Ancient India  oUNESCO’s List of Cultural Heritage in India oLegal Provisions Related to the Protection and Promotion of Indian Culture and Heritage    oCinema in India oHistory of Indian Cinema oClassification of Indian Cinema Film Music of India 13. Religions in India           oPre-Vedic Religon oHinduism oBuddhism oJainism oSikhism oIslam oChristianity oZoroastrianism oJudaism oPhilosophy in India     17. Recent developments  o‘The Miyas of Assam, and their char-chapori culture’ GS SCORE 9 www.iasscore.in

12. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23      o‘’Life in Miniature’Project’ oAyodhya’s Ram Temple, a 3-Storey Structure with Nagara Style Architecture oCentral Sanskrit Universities Bill, 2020 oBattle of Çanakkale oThe five ‘iconic’ archaeological Sites mentioned in the Budget oBattle of Koregaon oTulu Language  oNational List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)    oKurzarbeit Scheme  ********** GS SCORE 1 www.iasscore.in

13. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY oIndirect - Earth Quake Waves Volcanoes  oSeismic waves D Body waves D Surface waves D Understanding earth’s interior with help of seismic waves o Internal Structure of earth D Crust D Lithosphere D Mantle D Asthenosphere D Outer core D Inner core D Seismic Discontinuities Geology 1. General Geography     a The origin of the Earth    oEarly Theories oModern Theories – BBT oStar Formation oFormation of Planets oSolar System           a The Evolution of the Earth     oLayered Structure (5 layers) oEvolution of Lithosphere oEvolution of Atmosphere oEvolution of Hydrosphere a a Geological History of the Earth   oMinerals oMajor Elements of the Earth’s Crust D Minerals – Feldspar , Quartz, Pyroxene  Amphibole , Mica , Olivine D Physical Characteristics–Crystal Form,  Cleavage Fracture, Lusture, Color, Streak D Transparency, Structure, Hardness, Specific Gravity D Metallic minerals – precious Ferrous ,  Non Ferrous D Non-metallic Minerals – Sulphur, Phosphates, Cement oRocks (Aggregate of Minerals) oPetrology oRocks & landforms oRocks & Soils o3 Family of Rocks D Igneous D Sedimentary  oLatitude and Longitude including important Parallels and Meridians oMotions of the Earth - Rotation, Revolution and their effects oInclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects oLocal and Standard Time and the International Date Line, Calendar oEclipses - Solar, Lunar a Origin of Life       a Geological Time Scale        2. Geomorphology a Interior of the Earth   oSources of Information oDirect GS SCORE 11 www.iasscore.in

14. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23     D Endogenic Forces DGradation , Degradation & Agradation  o Geomorphic Process D Endogenic Process ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ D Exogenic Forces o Denudation Processes o Weathering oMass movements oErosion Transportation & Deposition Distribution of Continents & Oceans D Metamorphic oRock Cycle Earthquakes a                       oWaves: P,S, Body , Surface oShadow Zone oTypes of Earthquakes oCauses of Earthquake oEffects oFrequency oLocating an Epicentre oDistribution of Earthquake oEarthquake Observatories Diastrophism Orogenic Epierogenic Earthquakes Plate movements Volcanism a Volcano        a o Types DShield DComposite DCaldera D Flood Basalt D Mid Ocean Ridge oTypes of lava D Andesitic or Acidic lava       o Theories D Continental Drift Theory ◆Alfred Wegner 1912 ◆Pangea, Panthalasa ◆ o Evidence in support of Continental Drift Theory D Jigsaw Fit D Rocks of Same age across oceans ◆Tillite ◆Placer Deposits ◆Distribution of Fossils D Forces of Drifting ◆Pole Fleeing Force ◆ D Post Drift Studies Convectional Current Theory ◆ o Continents – plate Tectonics D Lithospheric Plates ◆Major Plate ◆Minor Plates D Plate Boundaries ◆ ◆ ◆ D Rates of Plate Movements D Force of plate movements D Indian Plate ◆Movement from 7 1mnyrs ago till Today   Laurasia, Gondwanaland D Basic or Basaltic lava oIntrusive volcanic Landforms DBatholiths D D D Phacoliths DSills DDykes oExtrusive Volcanic Landforms oGeysers and Hot springs oExtinct, Dormant and Active volcanoes oDistribution of Volcanoes D Pacific Ring of Fire D Mediterranean volcanism D Other regions oEffects of Volcanoes Tsunami                                Lacoliths Lapoliths Tidal Force       ◆ Mapping of the Ocean Floor a Divergent Convergent Transform    oMechanism of Tsunami waves oProperties of Tsunami waves oEffects of Tsunami a Geomorphic Processes   o Earth’s Surface D Exogenic Forces  GS SCORE 1 www.iasscore.in

15. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23   a Landforms and their Evolution o Causes D Geomorphic Processes DAgents o Geomorphic Agents D Erosional or Destructional D Depositional or Constructional         ◆ ◆Braided Channels o Ground Water (Karst Topography) D Permeable Rocks ◆Percolation Bedding Plains D Limestone and Dolomite Regions ◆ regions D Erosional Landforms Pools-Swallow Hole, Valley Sinks (Uvalas), Sinkholes, Collapse sinks (Dolines), Lapies, Ridges, Limestone Pavements ◆ (Shale sandstone quartzite), Caves and Tunnels D Depositional landforms Oxbow lake         ◆ Balkans, Adjacent to Adriatic o Agents and their Impacts D Wind , Running Water , Ground Water, Glaciers , Waves & Currents   ◆  oWinds D One of the Two dominant agents in  Hot deserts D Cause –Deflation Abrasion Impact D Erosional landforms ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Rocks D Depositional Landforms ◆ ◆ Parabolic ◆ ◆ o Running Water        Caves – Altering bed of Rocks  Pediments and Pedi plains Playas Deflation Hollows and Caves Mushroom , Table & Pedestal       ◆ ◆ ◆ Stalactites Stalagmites Pillar Columns o Glaciers D Erosional Landforms ◆Cirque of Tarn Lakes ◆Hors and Serrated Regions – Arete  ◆Glacial Valleys/ Troughs – Fiords  D Depositional Landforms o Glacial Tills D Moraines D Eskers          Barchans Seif ◆ Transverse Longitudinal     D Humid Regions D 2 Components     D Outwash Planes D Drumlins o Waves and Currents D High Rocky Coasts & Low Sedimentary Coasts D Erosional Landforms     ◆ ◆ Overland Flow – Sheet Linear Flow – Strems DStages ◆ Youth Mature Old D Erosional Landforms ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ (Hard Rocks), Canyon (Sedimentary) ◆ ◆ ◆ D Depositional Landforms ◆ ◆ ◆ Point Bars ◆ bank              Valleys Rills Gullies Valleys – V Shape, Gorge ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Clifs Terraces Caves Stacks D Depositional Landforms ◆ ◆  Potholes & Plunge pools Incised or entrenched meanders  River Terraces – paired & unpaired  Beaches and Dunes Bars Barriers Spits    oWeathering D Weather over Earth Materials D Factors   Alluvial Fans Delta Fllod Plains, Natural Levees,       ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Geological Climatic Topograhic Vegetative Meansders, Slip off bank, Under cut  GS SCORE 13 www.iasscore.in

16. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23            D Major Processes ◆ ◆ ◆ D Chemical – Forces Chemical Action ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ D Physical Forces Gravitational, Expansion, Water Pressure Unloading & Expansion ◆ ◆ ◆ D Biological Weathering ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ 3. Climatology Chemical Physical or Mechanical Biological a Composition of Atmosphere o Gases oWater Vapour o Dust Particles Structure    Solution Carbonation Hydration Oxidation & Reduction a       o Exosphere oThermosphere oMesosphere oStratosphere oTroposphere oAltitude vs Temperature Solar Radiation Heat Balance Temperature  ◆ Temperature changes and Expansion  Freezing, Thawing, & Frost Wedging  Salt Weathering     a Burrowing Wedging Plant Roots Effects of Weathering    oInsolation oAphelion and Perihelion o Variability of Insolation at the surface of the Earth D Day Season Year D Rotation on Axis, Angle of Inclination  of sun rays, Length of the day D Transparency of Atmosphere, configuration of land in terms of its aspect. Heat Balance    ◆ Exfoliation(Flaking)– Exfoliation Domes, Tors D Significance of Weathering ◆ ◆ ◆ o Mass Movements D Activating causes D Forms of movement – Heave Flow Slide D 3 major Groups – Slow Movement, Rapid Movements , land Slides          Soil Formation Biomes and Biodiversity Leaching / Enrichment a  o Heating and cooling of atmosphere           D Conduction D Convection D Advection oTerrestrial Radiation oHeat Budget of the Planet Earth oMacro Budget D Albedo D Shortwave Radiation D Long wave Earth Radiation o Variation in the net Heat Budget at the Earth’s Surface Temperature(T)  a Landforms across the world:  o Rivers and lakes a Mountain & Peaks    oFold Mountain oBlock Mountain oVolcanic mountains a  oFactors controlling T distribution oDistribution of T Month of January-July  o Range of T Month of January-July o Inversion of Temperature a Plateaus     oPlateau Formation process oPlateau Types D Dissected plateau D Volcanic plateau   a Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems   oEconomic significance of plateau oMajor plateau of the world  o Atmospheric Pressure GS SCORE 14 www.iasscore.in

17. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23     o Precipitation D Rainfall Snowfall Sleet Hail Hailstones  oTypes of Rainfall D Conventional D Orographic D Cyclonic D Frontal D Monsoonal oWorld Distribution of Rainfall o Vertical variation of pressure oHorizontal distribution of pressure oWorld Distribution of Sea Level Pressure  o Factors affecting the velocity and direction of the WIND D Pressure Gradient Force D Frictional Force D Coriolis Force D Pressure and Wind (Cyclonic & Anticyclone Circulation)             a Tropical Cyclone a General Circulation of the Atmosphere – Pattern of Planetary Winds  oConditions required for formation of Tropical Cyclone D Good source of latent heat D Coriolis force D Low level disturbances D Temperature difference between air  masses D Wind shear D Upper air disturbances oConvective cyclogenesis (Development  of Tropical Cyclone) oPath of Tropical Cyclone oDamage associated with Cyclone oArabian sea Cyclone oNaming of Tropical Cyclone oEarly warning system for tropical Cyclone     oLatitudinal Variation of Atmospheric Heating oEmergence of Pressure Belts oMigration of Belts Following apparent Path of Sun oDistribution of continents & Oceans oRotation of the Earth Circulation       a  oSimplified Global Circulation – Hadley Cell, Ferrel Cell, Polar cell oSeasonal Wind oLocal Wind oLand and Sea Breezes oMountain and Valley winds oAIR MASS – fronts oExtra Tropical Cyclone oThunderstorms oTornadoes Water in the Atmosphere              a Jet Sreams       o Features of Jet streams oTypes D Permanent  oInfluence of Jet streams on weather oJet streams and aviation a  D Temporary oWater Vapour oPrecipitation oHumidity – Absolute and Relative oSaturation – Dew Point oEvaporation and Condensation D Dew D Frost D Fog & Mist o Clouds D Types – Cirrus Cumulus Stratus Nimbus D High – Cirrus Cirrostratus Cirrocumulus D Middle – Altostratus Altocumulus  D Low – Stratocumulus Nimbostratus  D Vertical Development – Cumulus and  Cumulonimbus    a Temperate Cyclones         o Air masses o Fronts o Origin and development of Temperate Cyclone Comparison between Tropical and  Temperate Cyclone o a Polar Vortex   oPolar vortex details oPolar vortex and Ozone depletion GS SCORE 15 www.iasscore.in

18. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  a El Nino and La Nina oENSO oIndian Ocean dipole effect   oSpatial o Factors affecting Temperature distribution D Latitude D Unequal distrivution of land & Water  D Prevailing wind D Ocean Currents o Horizontal & Vertical Distribution D Thermocline D 3 layers a Salinity of the Ocean Water      oEffect on regional and world climate oEffect of these events on Indian Monsoon World Climate      a   oThe Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate oThe Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine Climates oThe Savanna or Sudan Climate oThe Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert Climates oThe Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate oThe Temperate Continental (Steppe) Climate oThe Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China Type) Climate oThe Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type) Climate oThe Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian) Climate oThe Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Lauren-tian) Climate           oFactors affecting salinity D Evaporation and precipitation D Fresh water flow from rivers D Wing D Ocean currents D Horizontals distribution of sailinity oVertical Distribution of salinity oDensity of Ocean Waters      a Movements of ocean Water   oFactors influencing Movement D Temperature D Salinity D Density D Sun Moon Winds oMotion – Horizontal & Vertical Currents  o Waves   oThe Arctic or Polar Climate    4. Oceanography a Water on the Surface of the Earth o Hydrological Cycle DComponent DProcesses     D Motion of waves and water molecules  DCharacteristics Of WAVE DCrest and Trough DHeight DAmplitude DPeriod DLength DSpeed DFrequency DTides          a Oceans             oRelief of the Ocean floor o4 divisions of the ocean floor D Continental Shelf D Continental Slope D Deep sea plain D Oceanic deep and Trenches oMinor relief features D Mid oceanic ridges DSeamount D Submarine canyons D Guy outs DAtoll a Temperature of the Ocean Water  o Relation between Gravitational Forces and Tides D Tidal currents D Types of Tides D Based on Frequency – Semi Diurnal ,Diurnal , mixed D Based on SME position – spring and  Neap Tides     o Vertical  o Importance of Tides GS SCORE 16 www.iasscore.in

19. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 a Ocean Currents 6. Biogeography   oInfluenced by 2 forces oPrimary Force that initiates the movement D Heating of Solar Energy DWind DGravity D Coriolis force oSecondary force that influence the currents to flow oCharacteristic – Drift – 5 knots oTypes of ocean curents D Surface currents &Deep water currents based on Depth D Cold and Warm Currents based on Temperature D Major Ocean currents of the World D Effects of Ocean Currents D Desert formation and Ocean currents  D Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation a Soil     o Soil Characteristics o Factors Responsible for Soil Formation o Stages of Soil Formation o Soil Forming Processes         oSoil Profiles and Horizons oSoil Classification oSoil Erosion and Conservation    a Vegetation Resources     oTypes of Natural Vegetation oForests oSignificance of forests    D Economic significance, Ecological significance   D Cultural significance Factors of forest development  o Extent of forest cover o Classification of forests D Grasslands a Resources from the Ocean o Ocean deposits D Terrigenous Deposits D Pelagic deposits oMineral resources on deep sea floor oEnergy resources oBiotic resources oDeep ocean mission oUNCLOS D Territorial waters D Contiguous zone D Exclusive economic zone D High seas o                    D Desert vegetation D Tundra Vegetation o Economic utilization of forests o Deforestation  D Deforestation in tropical forests D Deforestation in temperate forests  D Rate and extent of deforestation  D Causes and factors of deforestation:  Immediate causes of deforestation   5. Water Resource  D Indirect deforestation D Underlying causes of deforestation  oConservation of forests D Forest conservation strategies D Reforestation D Monoculture plantation D Afforestation oTypes of forestry D Social forestry    oUnderground water resource oSurface water resources oInland water resources: Utilization of inland water resources oOceanic water resources: Main features  of ocean oUtilization of oceans by man oWater consumption patterns oWater pollution o Conservation of water resources o Techniques of water conservation oRiver Interlinking Projects oThe problem of ageing dams                 o Agro-forestry o Miyawaki Method GS SCORE 17 www.iasscore.in

20. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA                  o Monsoon o Mechanism of the Monsoon 1. Physiography of India         oLocation D Classical Theory D Modern theory D Air mass theory D Jet stream theory o EL-NINO and LA-NINA & their impact oThe rhythm of Seasons D The cold weather season D The hot weather season D The southwest monsoon season D The retreating monsoon season o Climatic Regions of India oGeopolitical Significance of India oGeological Divisions D The Peninsular Block D The Himalayas and other D Peninsular Mountains oIndo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain oPhysiographic Divisions 2. Drainage System oDrainage Patterns D Drainage System of India ◆ a River Systems of Himalayan Drainage a Indus river system a Ganga River System a Brahmaputra river system ◆ a River Systems of Peninsular Drainage a Small Rivers Flowing Towards  East and West           Himalayan Drainage System 4. Soils in India      oClassification of Soils oSoil textures oIssue of Soil degradation & Soil oErosion o Soil Conservation Peninsular Drainage System 5. Natural Vegetation     oTypes of Forests in India oForest Cover in India oForest Conservation oForest Problems in India 3. Climate  oFactors influencing the climate of India   HUMAN GEOGRAPHY     population oDensity of population oPattern of population density oPopulation increase (growth) in the world oCauses of rapid increase in population oPresent trend oFuture projections oDeterminants of population growth oNatural increase oCharacteristics of population 1. Demography       oConcept of human resources oPopulation distribution oFactors of population distribution— Physical factors oSocio-cultural factors oDemographic factors oWorld population distribution oEcumene oNon-ecumene oContinent-wise distribution of             GS SCORE 18 www.iasscore.in

21. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23                oRecent government programmes: AMRUT oMigration oReverse Migration oDisplacement oImportance of the Rehabilitation Policy  oUrban settlements: types oUrbanisation process in India. oMorphology of urban settlements oTown planning and patterns of rural settlement oSettlement types of the world oMigration: Push factors and pull factors  oEmigration during colonial, post-independent and post-liberalisation period oInternal versus world migration oFunctional classification of cities oDifference between boundaries and frontiers, their classification oRural urban fringe characteristics, advantages, problems oNational urbanisation policy oPrinciples of urban planning oLand cover transformation oFactors affecting rural settlements, their types and patterns oCities – hierarchical classification, morphological classification oAge composition oPopulation pyramids oSex composition oLiteracy oTheories of population growth oMalthusian theory oMarxian theory oDemographic transition theory oOptimum population oOver-population oUnder-population oPopulation problems oPopulation problems of developing countries oPopulation problems of developed countries oPopulation dilemma of Europe oPopulation Policies: of China, of India oVarious types of rural settlements oRelationship between house types with relief, climate and building materials oRising Youth Population                          2. Urbanization  oBasic Feature and Pattern’s of India’s Urbanization oIssues of Urbanization in India oRural Urban Migration oEmergence of Slums oUrban Transport oWaste Disposal oWater Supply, Drainage and Sanitation oElectronic Waste oUrban Poverty oReal Estate (Regulation & Development)  Bill, 2013 oWay Forward to Tackle Issues Related to Urbanization oInclusive Cities/Smart cities          3. Census          oLiteracy oSex ratio oFamily Planning oOld Age oAge Structure oDensity oPopulation growth oCensus terminology oCaste Census Issues    ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY         oCauses of Land Degradation oImpact of Land Degradation oSteps taken by GOI o Sustainable Land Management 1. Agriculture a Land Resource   o Land-use o Land capability classification a Basic terms related to Agriculture GS SCORE 19 www.iasscore.in

22. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23                                                        oPerformance of the agriculture sector oTypes of farming in India oDry zone farming oOrganic farming oCropping seasons in India oCropping Pattern in India oAgriculture regionalization oOats oRye oBeverages DTea ◆ ◆ ◆ D Coffee ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ D Cocoa ◆ ◆ ◆ D Tobacco ◆ ◆ ◆ o Fibre Crops D Cotton oVarieties of cotton oConditions of growth oProduction pattern oInternational trade D Jute o Conditions of growth o Production pattern o International trade o Substitutes of Jute: Flax, Hemp o Abaca, Henequeno o Sisal D Raw Silk o Production pattern o International trade D Natural Rubber o Other sources of rubber o Plantations in South-east Asia o Production pattern o International trade D Sugarcane o Conditions of growth o Production pattern o International trade o Sugarbeet—Conditions of growth o Production pattern Condition of growth Production pattern International trade oInfrastructure factors: Seeds; Fertilizers; Irrigation oLand use pattern in India oInstitutional Factors as land reform oHorticulture sector in India Types of coffee Conditions of growth Production pattern International trade    oAgricultural revolutions oAgricultural labours oPrice Policy for Agriculture oAgricultural marketing     Conditions of growth Production pattern International trade oAgricultural Insurance oAgricultural Census oMajor schemes in agricultural sector oNational Policy for farmers oImpact of climate change on agriculture  oWhat is sustainable agriculture? oUse of IT in agriculture oAgriculture Issues and Challenges     Conditions of growth Production pattern International trade    a Productivity of Crops and conditions for growth                     o Wheat D Conditions of growth DVarieties D Types of cultivation D Production pattern D International trade oRice D Conditions of growth DVarieties D Methods of cultivation D Production pattern D International trade oMaize (Corn) D Conditions of growth D Production pattern D International trade oBarley D Conditions of growth D Production pattern D International trade GS SCORE 20 www.iasscore.in

23. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23                  oOrigin and recovery oExploration oPetroleum refining oPetroleum reserves oProducing areas oConsumption of petroleum oInternational trade oOPEC and its role in oil trade oNatural gas: Reserves and Production oHydro-electricity oAdvantages of hydro-electricity oIdeal conditions for generation of hydro-electricity oDistribution of potential hydro-power oHydro-electric Power Generation oAtomic (Nuclear) Energy oAtomic: source minerals: Uranium D World distribution of uranium o Production of uranium o Thorium D Production of Atomic (Nuclear) Energy oSugar industry oSugar consumption oInternational trade   2. Mineral resource     oTypes of minerals oMetallic minerals oNon-metallic mineral oDistribution of minerals and mining regions oDistribution, production and international trade of Metallic minerals: Ferrous metals: Iron ore oFerro-alloys and non-ferrous oManganese oChromium oNickel o Tungsten oAntimony oCopper oBauxite and Aluminium oZinc; Lead oTin oPrecious metals: Gold oSilver oPlatinum oMineral chemicals oMica oPotash oPhosphate oNitrates oSulphur oConservation of mineral resources                               oNuclear Energy: the energy of future oAlternative (non-conventional) Sources of energy oRenewable Energy oSolar Energy oWind Energy oGeothermal Energy oTidal Energy oWave Energy oBiomass Energy oAlternate Energy Sources oHydrogen as a Fuel for Future or Hydrogen as an Alternative Energy Source oMicrobial Fuel Cell oEnergy Context with Respect to Indian Scenario oEnergy Plantation oEnergy crisis          3. Energy resources      oClassification of energy oProduction of conventional energy oGeneral trends of energy production and consumption oReserves and sources of energy oCoal oNature and origin of coal D Constituents and kinds of coal oCoal fields and coal production oBy products of coal oConservation of Coal Petroleum oPetroleum oNature and properties of petroleum     4. Industry        oIndustrial development o Iron And Steel Industry oProcess of iron and steel production oLocation of iron and steel industry oEarly localization oDevelopment of iron manufacture oDistribution of iron and steel industry        GS SCORE 21 www.iasscore.in

24. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23           oProduction of paper and paper board oNewsprint oInternational trade oSalient features of pulp and paper industry oCement industry oDistribution of cement industry oRecent trends: Main global competitors  oPetroleum refining industry: Localization  oSite selection of petroleum refineries oHistory of oil refineries oWorld pattern of oil refining oPetroleum products oIndustrial Regions oCharacteristics of industrial regions oDelimitation of an industrial region oPrincipal industrial regions of the world  oIndustrial regions of Anglo America- USA, Canada, Western Europeand Central Britain, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Italy, Eastern Europe, Poland, Former USSR oEastern Asia—Japan, China, the ‘Dragons’, India, High tech patterns. oGlobal steel production oInternational trade oGrowth potential of the steel industry oTextile Industry oCotton textile industry: Location of the industry oRecent trends in localization oDistribution and production of cotton textiles oWoollen textile industry: Location of the industry oSilk textile industry: Raw silk manufacture oSilk textile manufacturing oSynthetic (artificial) silk industry: Distribution of man-made fibre and fabrics. oEngineering Industries oMachine tools and machines: Areas of production oIndustrial machinery: Textile machinery oOther industrial machinery oAgricultural machinery oManufacturing of transport equipment  oAutomobile industry oRailway car and locomotive industry oShipbuilding oRecent trends oAircrafts industry oChemical Industry oClasses of chemicals: Branches of chemical industry oHeavy chemical industry oProduction of acids and alkalies oRise of chemical industry oFertilizer industry: Nitrogen fertilizers oPhosphate fertilizers oPotash fertilizers oExplosives oGlass industry: Production of glass oAgro-industries oSynthetic rubber industry oPulp and paper industry: Essential conditions for pulp production                              5. Transport and Communication      oModes of Transportation oLand Transport D Roads D Railways oWater Transport            oSea Routes      D Shipping Canals D Inland Waterways oAir Transport oPipelines oMajor Port Authorities Act, 2021 + Draft  Indian Ports Bill, 2021 oRegional Rapid Transit System 1 o o boost up Air transport    Odisha’s coastal highway AERA Act amendment – Way to CONTEMPORARY ISSUES    oIndia’s North Eastern states decertifying most rapidly o‘The New Green Revolution: A Just Transition to Climate-Smart Crops’ oMarine heatwaves oAtlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)  GS SCORE 22 www.iasscore.in

25. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23         oDiscovery of India’s First ever Lithium Reserves in Karnataka’s Mandya oNaming of Tropical Cyclones oGreat Barrier Reef as World Heritage in Danger oAge of Earth’s inner core revised o impacts and leftover gas from Sun’s Birth: Study o breaking away with Madagascar splitting into pieces. India Cooling action plan o o o o o o o o India largest emitter of SO2 in the world Bamboonomics Burning of Amazon forest ‘Dead-Zone’ found in the Gulf of Mexico Miyawaki Method Avian botulism Massive reserves of mercury found in arctic permafrost.     Earth’s water a result of asteroid  East African Rift system is slowly   o o Rice knowledge Bank Global Agriculture and food security programme Noney Bridge   o  o Climate Vulnerability Map of India  ********** GS SCORE 23 www.iasscore.in

26. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 INDIAN SOCIETY & SOCIAL JUSTICE INDIAN SOCIETY a Salient features of Indian society   oCertain case studies oGovernment’s initiatives and the five year plans oRole of civil society organizations a Effects of globalization on Indian society  oFeatures of Indian society oChanges within Indian society and their  repercussions oCauses of changes oIndian Society today    a Diversity of India    oWhat is the meaning of globalization oKinds of impact of globalization –     oWhat is diversity? oTypes of diversities in India oCan diversity be equated with difference? oThe unity in diversity- a reality or a chimera oManner of reconciliation economic, political, developmental and socio-cultural o Is the impact solely positive or negative  Social empowerment a  o Meaning and concept of social empowerment oWhy do we need social empowerment?  oSpecific sections for whom social empowerment is the life blood oSocial empowerment through the five year plans oGovernment’s initiatives for empowerment oEmpowerment in reality and India’s experience oOther approaches /players/tools for social empowerment and some case studies on the same  a Role of women’s organizations  oWomen’s organizations in Indian history  oTypes of women’s organizations oLevel of penetration oWomen’s organization – a ray of hope few case studies oProblems faced by women’s organizations oIs a larger vocal role possible and ways  to achieve the same oRole of SHGs, Micro finance Institutions  Poverty and development issues         a Communalism o Meaning and concept of communalism  o Historicity of communalism o Recent incidents o Role of third parties in inciting/ perpetrating communalism a     oPoverty oConcept of development oSen vs Bhagwati model oCrisis of development    GS SCORE 24 www.iasscore.in

27. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23     oCommunalism under the law oCan communalism eradicated from the Indian society completely oThreats on the secular spirit oIs the Indian democracy mature enough to handle the gravity of secularism a a Secularism Regionalism     oMeaning and concept of secularism oSecularism through the vantage point of Indian Constitution oComparisons of models Indian & Western oGandhiji on religion oIndian philosophy on secularism oMeaning and concept of regionalism oTheories on regionalism oRegionalism in its various manifestations  oRole of various players oRecent incidents causing a wave of flurry  oPossible ways to tackle the same         SOCIAL JUSTICE   development oReforms needed oSDGs and India a Issues relating to poverty and hunger a Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States      oConstitutional arrangement oWomen welfare oGender technology gap  oPoverty definition by different committees oPoverty data in India oCauses of poverty oPoverty and unemployment oPoverty and social conflict oImpact of LPG on poverty oLinkage between poverty and development oRural poverty oUrban poverty oFeminization of poverty oPoverty alleviation measures o Problems in implementation of Poverty  alleviation programmes o Poverty and Hunger             oWomen in Indian Political System oIssue of Marriageable Age for Women oChild welfare oSC/ST welfare oOBC welfare oCaste Census ogender reservation in ULB oMinorities welfare oOld age welfare oLegislations oIssues oReforms needed Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources           a       o Education structure in India oFood security programmes and issues oHunger and health oImpact of hunger and poverty on economic development of the nation oControversy related to poverty data estimation oPrimary, secondary and higher education  oInitiatives taken by GOI in education oReforms needed oRecommendations of committees oFuture prospects in education sector oSkill development, indicators, indicators  oPrivate and Public health structure oNITI Aayog Report oEconomic development and human      a The Scheduled and Tribal Areas      o5th Schedule Areas o6th Schedule Areas GS SCORE 25 www.iasscore.in

28. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23         oComposition of autonomous councils oRole and functions of councils oRole of Governor with respect to tribal areas oTribal sub plan oSwasthya Rakshan Program oJan Aushadhi Scheme oMission Indradhanush oNFHS-4 survey  a Education a Start-up and Skill Development     oPadhe Bharat Badhe Bharat oMid Day Meal Scheme oIshan Uday oGIAN (Global Initiative of Academic Networks) oRashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan oSWAYAM (Study Webs of Active - Learning for Young Aspiring Minds)        oStart Up India Scheme oStand up India Scheme oNational Student Startup Policy oNational Skill Development Mission oPradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana oDeen Dayal AntyodayaYojana oDeen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen KaushalyaYojana oSkill Development Initiative Scheme   a Rural & Urban Development      oSansad Adarsh Gram Yojana oGram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan oShyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission oDeendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana oPradhan Mantri Gram SadakYojana oSwachch Bharat Abhiyan oPradhan Mantri AwasYojana- Gramin oPradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban oHousing for all by 2022 oSmart Cities Mission oHriday - National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana oAmrut (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation) a Miscellaneous Schemes oSelf-Employment & Talent Utilisation (SETU) oAtal Innovation Mission  a Vulnerable Sector    oSocial Security oAtal Pension Yojana oPradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti BimaYojana  oPradhan Mantri Suraksha BimaYojana oMinorities oNai Roshni Scheme oUSTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development) oNai Manzil Scheme oWomen and Child Development                           o Beti Bachao Beti Padhao oSukanya SamriddhiYojana oDigital Gudda Guddi Board oSabla oUjjawala Scheme oJanani SurakshaYojana oJanani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram oSC/ST oVanbandhu Kalyan Yojana oPradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana oDisability oAccessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)  oJeevan Praman oDigilocker oBharatnet Project (National Optical Fibre Network) oINSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research) oSAKAAR oDigital India oNamami Gange Project (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission Project) oGanga Gram Yojana oJal Kranti Abhiyan oKhelo India oOne Rank One Pension Scheme oPRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) o Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)            a Health oNational Health Mission oNational Ayush Mission   GS SCORE 26 www.iasscore.in

29. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 a a Inclusive growth Rural Development  oRural development and poverty alleviation oReview of the Existing Programmes oDevelopment Administration oPanchayati Raj oAgriculture and Rural Development   oMeasurement criteria oGovernment initiatives for inclusive growth oBasic Amenities: Housing/Drinking Waters/ Sanitations oSustainable Development         CONTEMPORARY ISSUES      oCountering Disinformation and Hate Speech Online oSanitation and Nutrition Linkage oChild Trafficking oUrban Mega Crisis and Alternative Transport oMarital rape, an indignity to women oCaste Census in the times of changing social equations oThe ripple effect of gender inclusivity on India’s economy oCOVID-19 and Orphans oGender technology gap: needs of a feminist approach to technology oIssue of Marriageable Age for Women oSymbolism of Inter Caste Marriages oMedical Termination of Pregnancy oViolence against women oTech for Tribals oSouth Asian Migrant Crisis oClimate change is already damaging health of children, says Lancet report oGlobal Social Mobility Index oProject Samarthan oFemale Health and Hygiene Programmes - Khushi and Ujjawala Sanitary napkin initiatives oBharatiya Poshan Krishi Kosh oSchool Education Quality Index oSamagra Shiksha Abhiyan o‘The Pulse Polio Programme’ oSTRIDE o“Kerala bans CFL and filament bulbs” o“Addition of 3 Endangered Indian Species to the Global Conservation List” o‘Migrant Policy Index’ o“Lassa fever” oNational Education Policy 2020 oWomen in Armed Forces’ o‘CAG Survey Report on School Toilets’ o‘Law against sexual harassment at work’ oSC on Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006’ oDisabled are entitled to the same benefits of SC/ST quota: Supreme Court                               ********** GS SCORE 27 www.iasscore.in

30. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 POLITY  a  oSpecial privileges enjoyed by citizens in India oOverseas Citizens of India (OCI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) Fundamental Rights Historical Evolution & Features  oImportance of Constitution oHistorical evolution of the Constitution  oConstituent Assembly oObjectives of the Constitution  a                 oSignificance of Fundamental Rights oWhat is State? oRight to Equality oRight to Freedom oRight against Exploitation oRight to Freedom of Religion oCultural and Educational Rights oRight to Constitutional Remedies oFundamental Rights and Armed Forces  oMartial Law & Fundamental Rights oDifference between procedure established by law and due process of law o Writs and their uses o Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights o Rights outside Part III of the Constitution  o Dynamic Nature of Article 32 o Need of Revitalizing Indian Reservation  System DPSP oSalient features of Indian Constitution oUnitary features oFederal features oParliamentary form of government oPresidential form of government oParliamentary vs. Presidential system of government a Preamble       oPreamble oBasic features oValue premises of constitution oTerminologies as:     D Democratic D Sovereign D Socialist DSecular D Republic D Justice DEquality DLiberty        a         o Basic features o Directives o Economic and Social DPSP o Gandhian DPSP    DFraternity DIntegrity oAmendability of the Preamble Citizenship a oAdministrative DPSP oDPSP related to International Peace oImplementation of DPSP oFundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy Controversy oDirectives outside Part IV of the Constitution   oBasic constitutional features oMethodology of getting citizenship oModes of Losing the Citizenship of India  oConcept of dual citizenship oCitizenship provisions in J&K    GS SCORE 28 www.iasscore.in

31. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23   oApplication of Uniform Civil Code in India oConstitutional provisions related to financial devolution oIssues of financial devolution a Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure oAdministrative relations oLegislative relations oFinancial relations  a Fundamental Duties   oFeatures oLink of Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties    a Other Principles oProcess of law making in India oRole of Constitutional and extra constitutional bodies in law making oBasic structure: How it evolves? oDifferent types of majorities required in Indian Constitution oDPSP v. Fundamental Rights oDoctrines & Terminologies    oEmergency Provisions and Misuse of Article 356 oInter-State relations oIssues related to Union List, State List &  Concurrent List oIssues related to appointment of Governor oIssues related to state formation oPoor devolution of finances oReserving bill for Presidential approval oCentral sponsored schemes and issues oSpecial package for different states oIssues between Centre and State after 1990 reforms oForeign policy and Centre and State Relations oInter-State border disputes             a Separation of Powers  oFeatures in American and UK Constitution oChecks and balances provisions in Indian Constitution oJudicial Review oConcept of Separation of Powers Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries     a  a The President     oImportance of President oQualification oElection procedure oAdvantages and disadvantages of single transferable form of voting oPresidents’ Term of Office and emoluments oExecutive Powers oLegislative Powers oEmergency Powers oFinancial Powers oMiscellaneous powers oJudicial powers oPresidents Impeachment oPresident as nominal head oOrdinance making power oPassage of bills oMisuse of emergency provisions oPardon power oCoalition government Vice President  oIt should cover Comparison of USA, UK, India and neighbours a Union & States oState Reorganization Commission (brief)  oComponents of Indian territory oProcess of formation of new states oZonal Councils oUnion territories oSpecial provisions for states oScheduled and Tribal Areas a Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States                      oRegulating functions of Government oDevelopment functions of government  oService providing functions of government oProblems in implementation oRecommendations for improvement oInterrelationship between union, state and local government in implementation of roles      a  oOffice of the Vice-President GS SCORE 29 www.iasscore.in

32. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23      oFunctions oComparison between Indian VP and American VP Prime Minister oJudicial activism and Parliament oDelegated legislation and issues a The Judiciary o Integrated judicial system o Supreme Court o Composition o Independence of Supreme Court o Jurisdiction of SC o Judicial Review o High Court o Composition o Terms and removal oJurisdiction oOther powers oLower judiciary oAppointment oPowers oTribunal & Subordinate Courts oThe role of the Supreme Court of India as guardian of the Constitution and protector of Fundamental Rights oJudicial Review oPIL oJudicial Activism a                         oAppointment of PM oFunctions of PM oRole of PM with respect oCoM oPresident oLok Sabha oPolitical Party oCoalition Government a Council of Ministers     oDivision of CoM oRole of CoM oRole of Cabinet oResponsibilities of the Ministers a Attorney General of India    oQualification oFunctions oPowers with respect to parliament            a Parliament oJudiciary appointment oCollegiums System oNJAC Controversy oNational Court of Appeal oJudicial Accountability oIssues of corruption in judiciary oRole of Women in Judiciary oNeed for Virtual Courts    oComposition of Rajya Sabha oComposition of Lok Sabha oComposition of Legislative assembly and Legislative Council oQualification and disqualification of MPs and MLAs oVacation of seats oSessions of parliament oLaw making procedure oOfficers of Parliament and state legislature oParliament Proceedings oMotions and resolutions in Parliament oPowers and Privileges oFinancial proceedings oComparison of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha oComparison of Legislative assembly and council oWomen reservation in Parliament and issues oLowering of Parliamentary powers oParliamentary committees and their working      a Ministries and Departments of the Government       oFunctioning of Ministries oCentral Secretariat oCabinet Secretary oField organizations oReforms needed oInternational methodology      a Local Government       oProvisions of 73rd AA and 74th AA oRole and functions of different tiers oMunicipal Corporations oMunicipal Councils oNagar Panchayats    GS SCORE 30 www.iasscore.in

33. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  a State legislature  o The steps taken towards women’s empowerment  oThe composition of Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad oQualifications of the Members of Legislature oPowers and Functions of State Legislature oRelationship between both the Houses oOfficers of State Legislature oPowers, Privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures and their Members oLegislative procedure oGovernor’s assent to Bills oProcedure in Financial Matters/Budget    oRole of State Election commission oRole of State Finance Commission oSmart City Mission & Municipal Governance oModel Panchayat Citizens Charter Framework     a Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions    oWhat is Dispute redressal mechanism? oNeed of Dispute redressal mechanisms  oAdministrative tribunal and issues oFast Track Courts and issues oGram Nyalayas and issues o Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats and issues  oFamily Courts and issues oLok Adalat and issues oNALSA and issues oDispute redressal for Weaker section oArbitration Mechanism oInternational Arbitrary Centre oCommercial Court Comptroller And Auditor-General Of India       a Constitutional Bodies                oElection Commission oUnion Public Service Commission oState Public Service Commission oFinance Commission oGST Council oNational Commission for SCs and STs oSpecial Officer for Linguistic Minorities oAdvocate General of State a a Non-Constitutional Bodies    oAppointment oFunctions oRole of CAG in good governance   oNITI Aayog oNational and State Human Rights Commission oCentral and State Information Commission  a The Governor      oAppointment, term of office, qualification, etc. oPowers oDiscretionary powers  o Central Vigilance Commission   o Central Bureau of Investigation o Lokpal and Lokayukta Various Constitutional Dimensions a oOrdinance making power oPardoning power of the Governor a CM   o Co-operative Societies o Official Languages under the Indian Constitution a Political Dynamics oProvisions related to Political Parties oRise of Regional Parties in India oElection Laws and Electoral Reforms in India oImportance of NRI votes in Indian Election System o Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution    oAppointment oPowers and responsibilities o Relationship between the Governor and the Chief Minister o Relationship between CoM and the Chief Minister     a The Advocate-General for the State    oAppointment oFunctions  GS SCORE 31 www.iasscore.in

34. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES    o ‘Article 32 and its ever changing interpretation’ Coalition Government as strengthening force to democracy Daughter’s equal right to ancestral  property: SC’ ‘Concern about democracy in the digital age’ National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) o‘The unrest on the Assam-Mizoram border’ oInternet shutdowns oHow a language is declared ‘classical’ in India, what benefits it enjoys? o‘Armed Forces Tribunal’ o“Unparliamentary” speech and conduct in Parliament’ o“Criminalisation of Politics” o‘New Rules for Postal Ballot’ o‘Government plans to bring social security schemes under one umbrella’ o‘Private Property is a human right: SC’ o Uniform Civil code - the debate, the status oe-Lok Adalats oCentre-State disputes and Article 131 o‘National Recruitment Agency’ oHow the Centre’s planned Sanskrit universities will function? oPostal Ballot System oPromoting Tribals of India oSection 188 of IPC o‘Abolition of Legislative Council’ oWomen in Judiciary o‘Can Non Resident Indians (NRIs) cast their vote in India?’ oSpeedy Trial is a Fundamental Right: SC o“Right to be Forgotten” oShifting health to Concurrent List oPersonal Laws versus Gender Justice: Will a Uniform Civil Code Solve the Problem? oThe Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 oRight to protest and Ethics o‘The unrest on the Assam-Mizoram border’ oVirtual Courts and Way forward oPreventive Detention: A necessary evil?  oUAPA and the growing crisis of judicial credibility in India oKarnataka Government seeks quota for locals oNGOs foreign contribution financing oRecusal in Judiciary oSimultaneous Elections oLacunas in Parliamentary functioning in India oFreebies Politics in India oDoes Social Media Threaten Democracy? oPolitical Manipulation Threatens Free Press oTribunals Reforms Bill, 2021  o  o     o  o                                 ********** GS SCORE 32 www.iasscore.in

35. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 GOVERNANCE  a Need and importance of Government Policies Interventions in emerging areas-  Social Media, Data, Privacy, Social Sector o a Development process and industry  oGrowth and development oHuman development and human capital  formation oEquality (interpersonal and interregional) and social justice oUnity and integrity oTrust between state and citizens oGovernance: Meaning and Scope oGood Governance oContemporary debate around Governance and Good Governance oGovernance and emerging areas (4th Industrial revolution and related technologies, gender issues, Ethical Governance, Environmental Governance)  oDifference between Growth and Development oMain Constraints of development oMain Stake holders in development process oSelf Help Groups oMeaning oImportance oObjectives oInstitutional Structure and organization  oFunding oSHGs and Women Development oWomen Development and Women in Development dynamics oSHGs and poverty oSHGs and Rural Development oMicro Finance oMeaning and importance oObjectives oStructure and Organization oAdvantages oMicro Finance in India oNon-Government Organizations oGONGOs oWhat are NGOs? oDifference between Non Government Organizations (NGOs) and International Non Government Organizations (INGOs) United Nations Criteria for INGO  and NGO oNGOs and development projects oNGOs and Community development oNGOs involved in relief and rehabilitation                 a Effective Implementation             oWhat is effective implementation? Best  outcomes in view of given time, resources and constraints oOutcome orientation in implementation  oProgramme impact assessment oAnalysis of different important schemes   a Government intervention  oGood Governance-Role of institutions, bureaucrats and other stakeholders oTransparency and accountability oOptimum use of resources- Right targeting, plugging leakages and wasteful expenditure, use of available knowledge, research and innovation. oMonitoring and evaluation- Outcome budget, zero base budgeting, input- output analysis, cost-benefit analysis oSetting up institutions and regulatory norms task forces, steering committees and review committees.   o      GS SCORE 33 www.iasscore.in

36. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 a Role of civil services in a democracy oNGOs involved in disaster management  oNGOs and advocacy a Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability        oConcept of civil services oNeed for civil services oDifferent role of civil services oLaw making oPolicy formulation oPolicy implementation oPolicy evaluation oCivil services as protector of democracy  oTo protect minorities (religious and linguistic) oTo promote Inclusive and sustainable growth oCivil Services – Democracy dynamics oCivil Services in eras- Post independence/ Post-LPG / in 21st century oEmerging challenges for Civil Services oReforms- Lateral Entry oCapacity building of Civil Services (Past to Present) oAutonomy oFrequent transfers and security of tenure- concept/ benefits/ analysis oCadre Policy o Performance Appraisal and HR policies for Civil Services o Civil Services Board              oCitizen centric governance oFeatures of good governance oLegislative accountability oAdministrative accountability oJudicial accountability oOmbudsman oWhistleblowers concept oAnti corruption machinery oRole of citizens oRole of media oSocial audit oSystematic reforms oSocial Media and Accountability/ Transparency/Governance oDecentralisation oDelegation oDelegation vs decentralisation oBottom-up governance e-Governance              a    oIntroduction oApplications oModels       a Pressure groups and formal/ informal associations and their role in the Polity oWhat are pressure groups? oTypes oThe significance of pressure groups in India oDifferentiate between a pressure group and a political party oEvaluation of pressure groups role oPressure groups and new media oPoliticisation of Pressure Groups o Role of pressure groups in governance  o Issues, pros, cons, challenges for Pressure Groups Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies oSuccesses oLimitations oFuture prospects oE-Government oDashboards and Portals of E- governance and E-government- Uses/Impact/Analysis oDemocracy and E-governance oE governance and Judiciary oE governance and Legislatures             a Citizens Charters oCitizens Charters oIntroduction oModels oFeatures oCC in India oIssues in CC implementation oReform needed oSevottam Framework oCitizens and Citizens Charters           a  o Appointment of CAG (procedure of appointment)- composition of CAG GS SCORE 34 www.iasscore.in

37. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23        oFunctions and responsibilities of CAG oPowers and privileges of CAG (provided  by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.) oAppointment of ECI (procedure of appointment)- composition of ECI oFunctions and responsibilities of ECI oPowers and privileges of ECI (provided +by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament) oAppointment to UPSC (procedure of appointment)- composition of UPSC oFunctions and responsibilities of UPSC oPowers and privileges of UPSC (provided  by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.) oAppointment to Finance commission (procedure of appointment) -composition of Finance commiss oFunctions and responsibilities of Finance  commission oPowers and privileges of Finance commission (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.) oNational commission for SCs and STs. oOther bodies- NGT, NHRC etc oEvaluation of Each body: History/ Evolution/ Pros/ Cons/ Issues/ Challenges / Way Forward oBiodiversity Authority Of India oPress Council Of India oForward Markets Commission oInland Waterways Authority Of India oRBI oEvaluation of Each body : History/ Evolution/ Pros/ Cons/ Issues /Challenges / Way Forward    a Elections in India oSalient features of the Representation of People Act, 1950 oSalient features of Representation of Peoples Act, 1951 oElectoral reforms oCriminalization of politics oNegative or neutral voting oState funding of Elections oIrregularities in polling oElectoral Bonds a Political Parties in India                      oPolitical parties in India oParty reforms oProblems in the working of parties oCasteism and politics oReforms in Party system in India oStrengthening of Anti-defection measures oCoalition Governments and dynamics a Statutory, Regulatory and various Quasi-Judicial Bodies                 oSEBI oCVC oCBI oPlanning Commission oNDC oPMO oZonal Council oTRAI oNCLAT a Role of Pressure Groups   o Types of pressure groups o Role of pressure group in developing countries o Functions of pressure groups in India o Pressure groups methods o Pressure groups and Democracy o Criticism of pressure groups     oIRDA oNational Human Rights Commission oState Human Rights Commission oCentral Information Commission oState Information Commission oNational Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission oTribunal oMedical Council Of India oPension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority a Local Government and Governance  oIssues of Funds, Functions and Functionaries. oLocal Government and Vulnerable Sections (SC/ST/OBC/Women/ Transgenders/Migrants/Children/ Disabled etc) oLocal Government and emerging issues  (Disaster management, Technology) oLocalism      GS SCORE 35 www.iasscore.in

38. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23       oNeo-Localism oSubsidiarity o Unemployment o Distress Migration oSchemes- MGNREGA, PM_POSHAN, Ayushman Bharat etc oPolicies-NHP, NEP etc Miscellaneous a Vulnerable Sections ( issues/ challenges/ Interventions) solutions/Laws/  a   oSC  o‘Concern about democracy in the digital age’ o Indices and Rankings – Domestic and International (Eg Global Hunger Index, NITI Ayyog’s, NIRF etc) oReports- Domestic/international/ governmental/Independent o Internet shutdowns o Committees and Commissions (Findings/recommendations/ Anlaysis) o Co-operatives o MSME o One nation one ration card oOne district one product oAspirational districts oSustainable Development Goals and India oEntitlement portability oFake news, Hate speech oRecent interventions (Eg. Laws- Privacy/  Crypto currency/ Uniform Civil Code/ Termination of Pregnancy etc. Eg Rules : IT rules- regulating the OTT and Digital Media) o Missions (Jal Jeevan mission/ Gati Shakti etc) oST oOBC oMigrants oWomen oDisabled oChildren oRefugees oTransgenders oLGBT oManual Scavengers oPeople with Special needs etc                     a Poverty, Hunger and Health (Evaluation/ issues/ challenges/ solutions/committees/ commissions/ Programs/ institutions/ international comparisons)   oPoverty oHunger oHealth oMalnutrition      CONTEMPORARY ISSUES    oMission Karmayogi oMedical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2021 oThe Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 oConcern about democracy in the digital age oJal Jeevan mission oMoral Policing oImpact of gender reservation in Indian Urban Local Bodies (ULB) oThe changing need of Education in India oFrequent Transfers of Public Servants oMore Decentralized form of Governance  Model in India oCriminal Justice System – Problems and  Solutions oMinistry of Co-operation oOne Nation One Ration Card o‘Federalism and Interstate River Water Governance in India’ oAyushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) oOne District One Product: A Potential Gamechanger for Northeast Economies’ oE-Gram Swaraj Portal             GS SCORE 36 www.iasscore.in

39. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS   oIndia, Bhutan and China: issues oThe Recent Landmark visit by Indian Prime Minister 1. Evolution and Key Principles of Indian Foreign Policy a Indian Foreign Policy a Indo-Afghan Bilateral Relations   oDeterminants of India’s Foreign Policy oFactors determining India’s Foreign Policy oNon-Aligned Movement oNAM 2.0 oPanchsheel oIndia’s Nuclear Doctrine oEvolution of Neighbourhood Policy oLook East Policy oAct East Policy oLook West Policy   oA Long History of Bilateral Relations oThe India-Afghanistan Development Partnership oStrategic factors undergirding India’s Partnership with Afghanistan oAfghanistan after NATO Withdrawal oOptions for India            a India-Bangladesh Relations   o Development Partnership o India-Bangladesh Relations in line with ‘Look East’ policy o Boundary Agreements oTeesta River Dispute a Indian Diaspora     o Role played by Indian Diaspora oIssue of safety of Indians abroad oSchemes for Welfare of Overseas Indian  a India-Maldives Relations    oGeostrategic Importance of Maldives oDevelopment Cooperation oSecurity Risks 2. Bilateral Relations 2.1 India & Neighbours a India-Sri Lanka Relations a    India – Nepal Relations o Commercial Relations oDevelopmental Cooperation oFishermen Issue a India-Myanmar Relations    oBackground of Relation oCooperation between India & Nepal oContentions in relations between India & Nepal oThe Issue of Water and Hydropower Cooperation oRecommendations to Improve Relations  o External Influences India and Bhutan    oRelation through ages oRecent change in policy oChina Role Indo-Pak Relations   a a   o Cooperation between India & Pakistan o Major Crisis  o Economy: A Broad Overview GS SCORE 37 www.iasscore.in

40. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23    oWater Dispute oIssue of Terrorism and Proxy Wars  o Shanghai Cooperation Organisation India-Mongolia a a Indian – Russia   oIndia-Mongolia Bilateral Cooperation o Deal on Uranium Supply India – UAE Relations  oCooperation between India and Russia oStrategic Cooperation oMajor Concerns oRussia - China a Indo-China Relations a      o Political and economic relation oOil Economic Relation a India – IRAN     oEconomic Relation oChina India Water Related Issue o“String of Pearls Strategy” oChina’s Maritime Silk Route Implications for India oMilitarisation of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) oConfidence Building Measures (CBMs) oBoarder Disputes    oIran Nuclear Deal and India oIndia Iran Relations oUS-Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Consideration in Iran a India – ISRAEL      oIsrael and Palestine Conflict oIndia – Israel Relations a a South China Sea Dispute India – Saudi Arabia       oMain Disputes oResources as a Driver of Competition oAttempts for Resolution oIndia and South China Dispute oAreas of Cooperation oChallenges in relations a Asia-Pacific Region    oZones of Activity oRegional Groupings oGeopolitics of Asia Pacific a Security Challenges in the Indian Ocean Region         oThe Pivot to Asia – US Policy Shift oSouth China Sea- Issues of Mistrust oPiracy off the Coast of Somalia oNeighbourhood Issues and Terrorism oEnergy Routes oFisheries and Livelihood Issues oEnvironmental Security oDeclaration of Indian Ocean as Zone of Peace a India-South East Asia   oSteps in Indo-ASEAN Relations oIndia-ASEAN Security Co-operation Indo-Japan Bilateral Relationship a   oEconomy Centric Relationship oContemporary Perspective a India – South Korea  oIndia and Asian Nations relations   oIndia South Korea Relations oEconomic Partnership in Recent Years 2.2 India & Asian Nations relations a a CIS Countries of Central Asia India-Vietnam         oEconomic Cooperation oStrategic Cooperation oGeo-political Issues concerning India-Vietnam Energy Cooperation oChina’s Response oIndia’s Response oIndia-Turkmenistan oIndia-Kazakhstan oIndia Tajikistan oChina And Central Asia oInternational North-South Transport Corridor   GS SCORE 38 www.iasscore.in

41. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23     oArea of Co-operation: Defence Cooperation oIntellectual Property Issues oIndia and International Organisations o Indo-Pacific Relations 2.3 India & Other Nation    a India and Africa oHistorical Connections oGandhi’s Role oNehru’s Role oStrengthening of Ties oSouth-South Engagement oCurrent Dynamics oEconomic Cooperation    o Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD)  o India and Generalised System of Preference (GSP)       3. Multilateral Relations a oHuman resources development and capacity building oEnergy Cooperation oMilitary Security Co-operation oTrade Policy oAfro-Indian Trade oIndian investment in Africa oAfrican investment in India oDevelopment cooperation and assistance The World Trade Organization  oRepresentation in the WTO and Economic Groupings oHow the WTO takes Decisions oThe WTO Secretariat and Budget oHow Countries Join the WTO oAssisting Developing and Transition Economies oSpecialized Help for Export Promotion oThe WTO’s Part in Global Economic Policy-making oNairobi Package oWTO and protectionism oWTO and IPR              a Indo-Australia Relationship       oImmigration Issue and Indian Diaspora oEconomic Relationship oIssue of Nuclear Cooperation    oWTO reforms oWTO and India oWTO and Agriculture Issues of developing nations oWTO and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)  a France   oStrategic Partnership oPrime Minister’s Recent Visit to France a Germany a International Monetary Fund  oIndian-Germany Economic Relations   oInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) oIMF Reforms a United Kingdom    oIndia & UK Relations oBrexit oIndia & BREXIT a Nuclear Security    o Nuclear Security Summit oThreats of Nuclear Terrorism oMissile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) oNuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) oNSG Membership for India oNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) a India-USA Relations  oArea of Co-operation: Strategic Consultations oArea of Co-operation: Counter terrorism and Internal Security oArea of Co-operation : Trade and Economic o Area of Co-operation: Energy and Climate Change      a BRICS   oEconomic Environment in BRICS Countries oBRICS-BIMSTEC oBRICS & India  oArea of Co-operation: Science & Technology (S&T) and Space oArea of Co-operation: People to People Ties    GS SCORE 39 www.iasscore.in

42. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  a BIMSTEC oUnited Nations Security Council (UNSC)  oIndia & UNSC oEconomic and Social Council oInternational Court of Justice (ICJ) oUN Specialised Agencies oFood & Agriculture Organization (FAO)  o International Civil Aviation Organization  (ICAO) o International Labour Organization (ILO)  oInternational Maritime Organization (IMO) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) oUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) oInternational Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) oWorld Health Organization (WHO) and  Question over its Credibility oWorld Meteorological Organisation (WMO) o WIPO o World Bank o International Monetary Fund (IMF)      oBIMSTEC & India oConvention on Mutual Legal Assistance  in Criminal Matters a IBSA     oIBSA Potential oNeed for Revitalizing IBSA oIndia’s Policy Options oTechnological Collaboration   o a SAARC    oProspects For SAARC oIndo-Pak Conflict oProblem of Resource Development a India-ASEAN Economic Cooperation    oSingapore oVietnam oIndonesia oIndia ASEAN FTA in Service         4. Global Institutions 5. Important Key Concepts   oUnited Nations & its Bodies oStructure of United Nations oUnited Nations General Assembly (UNGA)    o New World Order o Dynamics of New World Order o New Cold War?     CONTEMPORARY ISSUES  pragmatism into bilateral relations oMyanmar’s Protest and what led to Military Coup in Myanmar oArctic Ocean and its Relevance oContinuity in India’s ties with Central Asia oGilgit-Baltistan: An Integral Part of India oIndia’s Foreign Policy oIndia and RCEP EU-China deal: short-sold by EC, a  reversal ahead India, UAE formally launch CEPA negotiations Tibet returns as fulcrum point between US and China  oThe Pandemic Induced BRI: Then, Now and What Next? oChina’sfi rst railway link to Indian Ocean oMinilateralism: Weighing the Prospects  for Cooperation and Governance oWhy the US has changed its mind on Nord stream 2 pipelines? oUS in Afghanistan oOn the Quad, define the idea, chart a path oAUKUS Security Alliance oTeesta Dispute and India-Bangladesh Relations oBIMSTEC needs to reinvent itself oIndia and Sri Lanka re-injects           o    o    o GS SCORE 40 www.iasscore.in

43. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23    oUS, Japan, Australia reviving ‘Blue Dot’ oIndia should have permanent seat in UN  Security Council, says US oMaritime Opportunities for India-France  -Japan Trilatera oNeed for Reforms in UN oVirtues of Soft Power oChina’s Presence in Arabian Sea & its Implications on India oThe Refugee Crisis oIndia’ Advancement in Defence Technology and its Impact on “Act East Policy”    ********** GS SCORE 41 www.iasscore.in

44. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 ECONOMY BASIC ECONOMY a Indian Economy and issues relating to planning    ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Real gross national product Human development index GDP Gender-related development index Poverty index D Economic and Social Development in India: Millennium Development Goals D Sustainable Development Goals and India o Employment Resource Mobilization oTypes of resources: Physical capital and  finance capital oNeed for resource mobilization- Police State and Democratic Welfare State oSources of resource mobilization: Public  Sector and Private Sector oSavings and investment over the five year plan oBudgetary resources: Tax and Non tax oRole of Public Debt in resource mobilization and effects: Market borrowing, loans, grants, etc. o Role of fiscal and monetary policies in resource mobilization oRole of foreign investment in resource mobilization, desirability and consequences o Multilateral agencies and resource mobilization a Inclusive growth and issues arising from it  o Indian Economy in Pre-independence Period o Economy on Eve of Independence oChallenges     oFeatures oPost-Independence India oIssues oAgriculture and its development so far oIndustry          a oServices oPhases of Economic Development in India oNehruvian Socialist Economy oEconomic Reforms oPlanning oObjectives oPlanning History oAnalysis of each plan oGrowth & Development              D Economic Growth in India: ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ D Economic Growth versus Economic Development D Measures of Economic Development  ◆        National Income Determination GDP GNP NDP NNP Personal Income      oMeaning and concept of Inclusion oIndia’s experience oSocial sector initiatives and inclusion process  Rise in real per capita income GS SCORE 42 www.iasscore.in

45. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23 a  oGround reality and working of flagship schemes oIndia’s growth story in this context oRural economy based growth oNeed of Sustainable agriculture, food security and resilience for growth. oPublic distribution schemes: Way to inclusive growth. oFinancial inclusion as an instrument of inclusive growth. oPoverty Alleviation and Employment Generation as a strategy for inclusive growth oSocial sector development as an instrument for inclusive growth. oPublic private partnership for inclusive growth oIndustrial Integration for inclusive growth oSectoral and regional diversification as a tool for inclusive growth. oGovernmental Schemes and Policies for  Inclusive Growth D Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana D MUDRA (Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency) Bank D Self Employment and Talent Utilization (SETU) D Skill India D Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) D Kisan Card D Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) D National Agriculture Market (NAM) D Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Beema  Yojana D Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Suraksha Yojana D Atal Pension Yojana D Digital India programme Investment Models             oNeed for Investment oSources of Investment oMeasures of Investment oCapital and investment oFactors affecting investment oClassification of Investment oTypes of Investment Models oInvestment Models Followed by India D Domestic Investment Models ◆ ◆ ◆ Investment Model D Foreign Investment Models (FDI, FII, etc.) oRole of State oPPP (Public-Private Partnership) oSavings and Investment Trends a Fiscal policy        Public Investment Model Private Investment Model Public Private Participation             oFiscal Policy in India oImportant Budgetary Terms and Fiscal Concept oGovernment Revenues & Spending oDeficits and its financing D Revenue Deficit D Fiscal Deficit D Primary Deficit oBalance Sheet           a Taxation            oTaxation Meaning oPrinciples of Taxation oObjectives of Taxation oTaxation for Mobilization of Resources oTax System in India oCurrent Taxation Policy of India oSubsidies o Tax Reforms o GST and its progress o Retrospective Taxation in India    a Government Budgeting        oBudget, Economic Survey oBudget terminology oTypes of budget oFeatures of outcome budgeting oMerger of Railway and General Budget a Monetary policy in India   o Instruments of Monetary Policy o Monetary policy in pre-reform Era (1948 – 1991) o Monetary Policy in Post-Reform Era (Since – 1991) oBenefits of budgeting oFlaws in budgeting process oBudget analysis oSubsidy    GS SCORE 43 www.iasscore.in

46. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23    oUrjit Patel Committee Report oMonetary Policy Committee and Inflation Targeting oDevelopment Finance Institutions: IFCI, ICICI, SIDBI, IDBI, UTI, LIC, GIC  oNew Bank Licence Criteria oNon-Banking Financial Company (NBFC)  oFinancial Inclusion in India: Need and future; PMJDY; Payment Banks and Small Banks oNPAs o Bills related to Banking a Financial system   oIndian Financial System – An Overview oComponents of Indian Financial System          D Financial Institutions ◆ Institutions Non-Banking Institutions or Non-  Depository Institutions Others: (Regulatory, Intermediates, Non Intermediates) D Financial Assets (Call Money, Notice  Money, Term Money, Treasury Bills, Certificate of Deposits, Commercial Paper) D Financial Services (Banking Services,  Insurance Services, Investment Services, Foreign Exchange Services) D Financial Markets (Capital Market, Money Markey, Foreign exchange Market, Credit Market) Banking Institutions or Depository  oNEO BANK oThe emerging concept of Bad Banks oInsurance sector of India oBank privatization oAccount Aggregator System oDomestic systemically important banks  (D-SIBs) ◆  ◆ a Foreign Trade & International Organisations         oInternational Trade oTrade Policy oIndia’s Balance of Payments: D Current Account D Capital Account D Goods and Services Account oIndia’s BOP Performance: D Balance of Payment versus Balance of Trade D Current Account versus Capital Account o Foreign Capital oImpact of Globalization on Indian Economy oFDI and FPI in India, External Commercial Borrowings oForeign Exchange Rate Determination in India oTypes of Exchange Rate oCapital and Current Account Convertibility in India o The Bretton Woods Twins: D World Bank   oIndian financial market and Pandemic Banking a  oBanking in India: Definition, Structure and Functions oOrigin of Banking system oType of Banks in India D Central Bank (Reserve Bank of India)  D Cooperative Banks D Commercial Banks ◆ Bank of India) Private Sector Bank (HDFC Bank)  ◆           Public Sector Banks (State   ◆    Foreign Banks (CITI Bank)      D Regional Rural Banks D Local Area Banks DSpecialized Banks (SIDBI Bank, NABARD)  D Small Finance Banks (AU Small Finance Bank) DPayments Banks (Airtel Payment Bank)  Nationalization of Banks in India Banking Sector Reforms in India: Narasimhan Committee 1&2, Nachiket Mor Committee, P J Nayak Committee D International Monetary Fund oWorld Bank Group oWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) and India oADB, NDB, BRICS Bank, AIIB oBilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India o Important report and forecasts      o o  GS SCORE 44 www.iasscore.in

47. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  AGRICULTURE   a Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy a Land Reforms  oLand ownership patterns under the British rule DZamindari System (Permanent D DMahalwari System oLand reforms since independence oObjectives of land reforms in India oProgress of Land Reforms in India oProgress of Ceiling Legislation oNITI Aayog Report on Land Leasing oSVAMITVA (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas)   oSituation of Indian Agriculture oHistorical background and current status oCropping Patterns: Types of Cropping Systems: Mono-cropping; Crop Rotation; Sequential Cropping; Inter Cropping; Relay Cropping oIssues related to direct and indirect farm  subsidies and minimum support prices D Farm Subsidies in India: Definition; Working; Need; Negative Impacts  settlement of Bengal) Ryotwari System            D Types of Farm Subsidies in Indian Agriculture: Irrigation and Power Subsidies; Fertilizer Subsidy; Seed Subsidy; Credit Subsidy D Government Intervention in Indian Agriculture a Agriculture Finance        oFeatures of Agricultural Finance oCriteria for Agricultural Credit oNeed for Agricultural Finance oSources of Agricultural Finance oProblems of Agricultural Finance oMeasures taken to improve credit flow to agriculture oCo-operative Credit Societies in India oDerivate Trade in Agriculture Commodities  D Minimum Support Prices in Indian Agriculture: MSP definition; Working; Issues; Drawbacks; Way Ahead; Buffer Stocks  D Public Distribution System in India: Definition; Issues; Working; Need; Disadvantages  D Targeted PDS in India, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), Alternative to the PDS, Direct Benefit Transfers, National Food Security Act oAgriculture Marketing oMajor crops: Major cropping patterns in different parts of the country, different types of irrigation, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and associated constraints; e-technology for farmers oConclusive Land Titling oBiotech-KISAN Program     a Important Schemes  oPradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan yojana oPM-Kisan Scheme oParamparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana     (PKVY) o Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) oRythu Bandhu scheme Agricultural Credit Institutions  a Land resource        oLand-use oLand capability classification oCauses of Land Degradation oImpact of Land Degradation oSteps taken by GOI oSustainable Land Management a     oCommercial Bank oLead Bank Scheme oMulti Agency Approach oRegional Rural Banks GS SCORE 45 www.iasscore.in

48. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  oNational Bank for Agriculture and Rural  Development (NABARD) oReserve Bank of India oKisan Credit Card Scheme oSelf Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme oRural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) oGovernment Policy For Agricultural Credit oFarmers Service Societies (FSS) Crop Insurance in India oTransfer of resources from gainers from  economic policies to losers from economic policies oIssues of buffer stocks and food security  oTechnology missions oEconomics of animal-rearing. oPublic Distribution System: Objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping, evolution from universal PDS to targeted PDS, Targeted PDS, a critical analysis of cost and benefit of PDS oBuffer Stock policy and government’s intervention in food market to keep prices under reasonable limits to help consumers Food Security bill, questions of resource  mobilization for the FSB, criticism of the FSB Important questions on the future  of subsidies           a     oHistorical Background oIssues Related to Crop Insurance oPradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana oComparison with Earlier Crop Insurance  Schemes oChallenges Important Schemes o o  a Agricultural Revolutions in India oGreen Revolution oWhite Revolution – Operation Flood oYellow Revolution oBlue Revolution oGolden Fiber Revolution: Jute oThe future of Indian agriculture oData revolution in Indian agriculture oArtificial Intelligence & Agriculture a          oPradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) oKisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme oSoil Health Card Scheme oNational Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)    a Agriculture Marketing oProcess of Agricultural Marketing in India oStructure of Agricultural Marketing in India oImportance of Proper Agriculture Marketing oGovernment Measures to Improve Agricultural Marketing in India oAnalysis of APMC Act oNational Agriculture Market (e-NAM)   oSocial Security Schemes for Farmers a  Food Processing   oFood processing and related industries: Scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.   oProcessed Foods Scenario with respect to Specific Sectors oPolicy Initiatives     a Subsidies oInfrastructure Development in Food Processing Sector o Issues in Food Processing Sector o FDI Policy in Food Processing o Notable Trends in the Indian Food Processing Sector      oSubsidy in India D Farm Subsidies D Fertiliser subsidies D Subsidy on power D Subsidy on irrigation oIssues related to direct and indirect farm  subsidies and minimum support prices oObjectives of subsidies       oStrategies Adopted in Budget oNew foreign and domestic investment oSector-specific government policies  GS SCORE 46 www.iasscore.in

49. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  INDUSTRY   a Industrial policy and industrial development: Main Is sues  oRole of Small, Medium and Micro enterprises, Government Policy, main problems, effects of globalization oNew Manufacturing Policy oIndustrial disbursal and Industrial corridors oSEZs- Main issues like land use, relocation of same industries that exist, exports earnings vs loss of tax income oIndustrial sickness, institutional mechanism to support the sick industries, exit policy issues oMain constraints in the industrial development of India oEffects of globalization on industries, Sub-prime crisis and sovereign debt crisis on Industry in India oIndustrial Finance in India: Role of development banking, commercial banking, venture capital, angel capital in industrialization and promotion of entrepreneurship oMake in India achievements oTransformation of MSME sector and impact on India  oMahalanobis strategy and India’s industrial policy-Discussing Industrial policy resolution 1948 and 1956 critically oNew Economic Policy and Industrial policy under the policy of oLiberalization oPrivatization oGlobalization oPhases of Industrial development oEffects of liberalization on the economy  oChanges in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth oImpact on Different Sectors of the Economy               a Main features of Industrial development in India  oRoles of private sector and public sector, Investment in the industrial sector, employment, productivity, profit etc. oStrategies for disinvestment and privatization    INFRATSRTUCTURE    oImpact of Infrastructure-Economic Impacts, impact on social development, Environmental impacts oTransport D Ports ◆ ◆ ◆ DRoads ◆ ◆ Infrastructure ◆ ◆ DAirports ◆ ◆ D Railways ◆ Railways: Factors affecting the railroads Distribution of railroads in the world D Energy (Pipeline) ◆ ◆ ◆Gas Pipelines oImportance and development of transport oMeans of transport oTransport costs and economic distance  oOperating costs in transport o Government’s transport policy oTransport patterns in the world oTransport costs and specialization      ◆      Ocean transport routes Inland waterways Main regions of inland waterways  Energy Pipeline Transport Petroleum (oil) Pipelines   Importance Government push towards Road        National Infrastructure pipeline Bharatmala Pariyojana     Air routes & Significance Factors influencing air transport GS SCORE 47 www.iasscore.in

50. UPSC SYLLABUS 2022-23  oPulses for Food Security and Sustainable  Future oGeneral Insurance Amendment Bill oPandora’s papers oNational Urban Digital Mission o‘One District One Product: A Potential Game changer’ oProposition 22: The Future of the Gig Economy oCentral Bank Digital Currency oVirtual Currencies oTaxing Virtual Currencies oG-SAP 1.0: Securities acquisition plan to boost the market oG7 Corporate Tax Deal oMajor reforms in Natural Gas Marketing  oNational Monetisation Pipeline oNational Mission on Edible Oil oZero defect zero effect scheme oWorld Hunger Index 2021 oWorld Inequality Report    oTransport and trade in the modern era oTransport costs and scale economies oFalling transport costs increase trade between neighbours oFailing transport costs lead to concentration within countries oNegative externalities of transport oImportant issues oOwnership and financing oPricing of Public utilities oInfrastructure as avenues for investment  oProject delays-reasons and measures to  overcome oPublic Private Partnership and related issues oOperation and Maintenance of roads,                          railways, irrigation and power projects- Main problems and solutions a Important Schemes   oPM Gati Shakti National Master Plan oMega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) scheme oNational Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID) to fund infrastructure projects in India oNational Industrial Corridor Development  Programme (NICDP) oIndia’s telecom sector and issues oShifting towards Green Energy oGig Economy and India oThe State of Food and Agriculture 2021  oFertiliser Shortage in India oWorld Employment and Social Outlook  – Trends 2022 report oe-Gram Swaraj e-Financial Management  System   a Recent Development CONTEMPORARY ISSUES     oWhat the G7 corporate tax deal means for India? oInterim report of 15th finance commission: Continuity and fiscal follow through oNational Monetisation Pipeline oPM Gati Shakti Master Plan oArtificial Intelligence & Agriculture- use of ICT in farming oRole of NITI Aayog oCredit Rating Agencies: Credibility and Accountability oConcept of Crypto-Currencies oPractice of Agriculture Loan Waiver oConsolidation in Banking Sector: Pros & Cons oGlobal Hunger Index 2021 oData revolution in Indian agriculture oBad Bank to Clean up the Balance Sheets oPrivatization of Banks oConclusive Land Titling o‘One District One Product: A Potential Game changer for Northeast Economies’ oProposition 22, the future of the gig economy oTaxing Virtual Currencies oGDP is no longer an accurate measure of growth oRBI to introduce Central Bank Digital Currency: deputy governor                 GS SCORE 48 www.iasscore.in