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Adriana Ap. dos S. Costa Cristiane Ap. Martins Paulo Ewald Christian R. Coronado

Experimental Investigation of Sprays’ Characteristics Using Gasoline-Ethanol Blends as Fuel for Aeronautical Engines. Adriana Ap. dos S. Costa Cristiane Ap. Martins Paulo Ewald Christian R. Coronado José Luz Silveira. SUMMARY. Introduction

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Adriana Ap. dos S. Costa Cristiane Ap. Martins Paulo Ewald Christian R. Coronado

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  1. Experimental Investigation of Sprays’ Characteristics Using Gasoline-Ethanol Blends as Fuel for Aeronautical Engines Adriana Ap. dos S. Costa Cristiane Ap. Martins Paulo Ewald Christian R. Coronado José Luz Silveira

  2. SUMMARY • Introduction • Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethanol for Aviation • Aeronautical Engine • Diagnostics Techniques • Results • Ecological Efficiency • Conclusions

  3. INTRODUCTION The main goal of this work is to suggest and show some diagnostics techniques to develop the study to convert an internal combustion engine used in aircrafts in a bi-fuel engine. The Lycoming O-360-A engine will be able to operate with aviation gasoline (Avgas) and alcohol maintaining same configuration. Understanding of fuel injector sprays by measuring spray cone angle, drop size, fuel velocity, and mass flux will provide combustor designers with information about fuel sprays and fuel-air mixing, enabling designers to place the fuel-air charge in the appropriate region in the combustor for low-emissions and improved combustor performance.

  4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL FOR AVIATION Disadvantages • Ethanol is heavier than Aviation Gasoline (about 10% more); • Energetic Density is lower; • Consumption is higher; • It is difficult to start the engine when weather is cold.

  5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL FOR AVIATION Advantages • Better Performance • Operation Temperatures are smaller • The lubricant oil’s life increases • Price (USD 0.94 x USD 2.14) • Time Between Overhaul increases • It doesn’t have lead (environment) • Carbon Cycle Life is zero • Antiknock • Cylinders and Sparks cleaner • Brazil produces ethanol

  6. AERONAUTICAL ENGINE The Lycoming O-360-A series engines are horizontally opposed four-cylinder, direct-drive, air-cooled models. The cylinders are of conventional air-cooled construction with heads made from an aluminium-alloy casting and a fully machined combustion chamber.

  7. OUR BENCHMARK

  8. DIAGNOSTICS TECHNIQUES – PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY - PIV • It can be used in measuring the velocity field of particles in a plane of the flow; • The seed flow particle are illumined by high energy laser pulse and their position are recorded. After a known time another laser sheet is produced and the new position is recorded. • It allows to determine the distance and direction that each particle traveled during the time between pulses.

  9. DIAGNOSTICS TECHNIQUES – PLANAR LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE - PLIF • It can be used to provide data about mixing which lead to detection some inhomogeneous distribution of the jet fluid in the chamber; • Gaseous acetone is utilized to tracking the mixing process of injection and the compression stroke.

  10. DIAGNOSTICS TECHNIQUES - MALVERN • It can be used to determine the drop sizes (Sauter Mean Diameter) ; • It uses Frauenhofer or Mie Diffraction Approach; • The distances among the circles depends on the drop sizes. Large particles therefore scatter light at narrow angles with high intensity whereas small particles scatter at wider angles but with low intensity.

  11. RESULTS

  12. RESULTS

  13. ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY Ecological efficiency is defined as an indicator which allows the evaluation of the thermoelectric power plants gaseous emission environment impact, by comparing the hypothetically integrated pollutant emissions (CO2 equivalent emissions) to the existing air quality patterns.

  14. ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY

  15. ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY

  16. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol engines are more efficient than gasoline ones. For the same power output, the engine running on alcohol consumed only 25% more fuel than when running on gasoline. Due to alcohol lower heat value (about 40% less), one could expect such increase in fuel consumption. Engines will operate more distant of their temperatures limits and this fact will reduce the temperature stress in cylinder heads. The temperature in cylinder heads is a critical operation parameter in this kind of engine.

  17. CONCLUSIONS The need for more energy and the rising greenhouse gases concern pose a dual challenge to global prosperity. Alcohol produces less emissions and this fact makes the process more harmless to the environment. The diagnostic techniques showed allow studying the fuel injection process properly aiding designers to obtain the most feasible project. Ecological efficiencies, according to the analyzed fuels, gasoline and alcohol are respectively 82,43% and 89,51%.

  18. Thanks! Email: ine02@geev.cta.br

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