Ethical Issues of Human Cloning

1. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Experiments conducted History Medical issues Process World view Religious issues Pros and Cons Federal and governmental regulations

2. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning History of Cloning: Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King successfully cloned tadpoles by nuclear transfer. Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King successfully cloned tadpoles by nuclear transfer. South Korean scientists create several cloned human embryos which they only allowed to develop for a short while – just long enough to extract embryonic stem cells which could be used in the treatment of disease. . The world's first ever successful animal cloning experiment. The world's first ever cloned mammal. The world's first ever cloned human embryo. 1952 1996 2004

3. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Experiments conducted: Failed Experiments 1999 Dec. 2002 Scientists secretly placed a human cloned embryo into a pig. The cell only lived to be 32 days old. A company called Clonaid announced that they successfully cloned the first human. Experts say it is impossible for the company to clone a human due to inadequate technology.

4. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Human cloning experiments in 2009 Wednesday, 22 April 2009 Fertility expert: 'I can clone a human being' Panayiotis Zavos, a fertility doctor, claimed he has cloned 14 human embryos and implanted 11 of them into four women. The experiment was conducted in a secret laboratory most likely in the Middle East. He personally owns fertility clinics in Kentucky and Cyprus. None of the women became pregnant but the doctor indicated that this was just the “first chapter” for his ongoing attempts to produce a cloned baby from parent’s skin cells.

5. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Future of Human Cloning No one truly knows the future of human cloning, but many believe models will be cloned to make designer babies. It is highly probable that a cloned human being lives among us now. You might read breaking headlines about cloning but most of those are A few years behind. Some say they just discovered a new process to human cloning in 2010, but in reality it was completed in 2005. In 2001, there was such a stir in the human cloning idea that hundreds of scientist did their work with out anyone knowing. Thousands of dollars, eggs, adult cells ect. have been donated to human cloning research. As citizens of the world we can not ignore scientific research, but instead regulate it. “Either we control gene technology today, or technology will redesign us by tomorrow.”

6. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Remove nucleus Process of Cloning: Human egg donor Donor egg Remove cells from person to be cloned Egg fused with cell Cell Fuse cell and enucleated egg with electricity Embryo Implant embryo into surrogate mother Surrogate mother with cloned baby

7. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Religious issues "God is the Creator of all life. Period." "Creating human life is GOD's job, and His alone!!!!!!!!!!!!" “Playing God” “Not Unique” Some people believe that cloning is similar to playing God. They believe that God should be the creator of all living and natural things. "Only God has the power to create a living creature, and for man to 'create' life is blasphemous." People believe human cloning takes away from an Individual being unique and stresses Psychological and social development "Creating human life is God's job, and His alone" “Reverence for life” “No Soul” "We are not the creator, only the creation." It is believed that a human has the right for the full human development in a natural environment and that the human embryo should be left alone after the 14th day of fertilization. Some religious people believe that if you clone a human being it has no soul. "Human cloning is going too far and trying to take God's place in our creation." "The breath of life is given to us by God - not by scientists splicing genes in a lab." "As a Christian, I feel that cloning is morally wrong. The only person who should grant a life is God."

8. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Medical issues • Possible miscarriage or still birth • Deformities • Unforeseen deaths in later life of the clone • Health risks from mutated genes • Developmental delays • Lung problems • Heart defects • Neurological disorders • Unstable immune system

9. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Some State Cloning Laws Arizona Arkansas Iowa Michigan Missouri Bans the use of public monies for reproductive or therapeutic cloning. Prohibits reproductive and therapeutic cloning Prohibits any type of cloning. Prohibits any type of cloning. Prohibits state funds to be used for cloning on embryos for newborns Maryland South Dakota North Dakota Connecticut California Prohibits reproductive cloning but permits cloning for research. Prohibits reproductive and therapeutic cloning Prohibits reproductive cloning but permits cloning for research. Prohibits any type of cloning. Prohibits any type of cloning.

10. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Pros and Cons Pros Cons • Cloned body parts can serve • as backup systems for humans • Solution to infertility • Combat genetic diseases • Replicate animals for research • purposes • Enable alterations of plants & • animals. • Produce people with desirable • traits • Weaken diversity& ability of • adaptation • Production of undesirable traits • Technical & economic barriers: • cost effective? Reach the • common man? • Invites malpractices into society • Human & animals rights at stake • Ethical & moral principles • Undermining human life • Devalue mankind • Human’s acting as God

11. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Some other World views Prohibits: any type of human cloning That would duplicate a human being Canada Prohibits: : “Any manipulation or alteration of an embryo’s genetic code is prohibited, as is any kind of experimentation with embryos.” Costa Rica Prohibits: financing, promotion, donating, experiments research of any kind of cloning. Panama Prohibits:: “experiments concerning cloning of human cells in order to generate human beings .” Argentina Prohibits: Placing a human embryo into a woman (other then for fertilization). United Kingdom

12. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Works cited: Leon Kass and James Q. Wilson, 1998. The Ethics of Human Cloning. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute Author Unknown. 2003. The Future of Human Cloning: Ethics-Progress-Politics. http://www.globalchange.com/clonech.htm NCSL, West Group. January 2008. National Conference of State Legislatures: State Human Cloning Laws. http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/Genetics/rt-shcl.htm Oak, Manali. 8/26/2008. Pros and Cons of Cloning from Buzzle.com. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-and-cons-of-cloning.html Roario Isasi, JD, MPH. 2005. Database of Global Policies on Human and Germ-line Engineering. http://www.glphr.org/genetic/genetic.htm

13. Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Works cited Continued: Connor, Steve: Science Editor. 22 April 2009. Fertility expert: 'I can clone a human being' http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/fertility-expert-i-can-clone-a-human-being-1672095.html Five students of Indian Hill Elementary. No date given.Cloning Experiments. http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01880/failed_experiments.htm