MS Proposal

1. MS Proposal Evaluation of beef calf production system, for Tizimin, Yucatan Mexico Kotaro Baba

3. www.cs.unm.edu

4. www.tourbymexico.com

5. Brief information about Tizimin • Tizimin is located close to Merida, and Cancun • No rivers in this region • Hot and humid climate • Seasonal differences

6. The annual variation of temperature and precipitation in Yucatan ( Source Magaña, UADY)

7. Cows in Tizimin Reproduction cows Large and Small Ranches Mostly crossbreds of Bos tauras and Bos indicus

9. Feeding Grazing -Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) -Brizantha (Brachiaria brizantha) -Star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) -Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

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12. Supplements for cows, especially in the dry season and lactation stage -Poultry manure -Molasses -Commercial energy and protein concentrates “Campi” “Engorda ganado”

13. Irrigation • Pumps from under ground • The cost of irrigation is expensive.

15. The annual variation of temperature and precipitation in Yucatan ( Source Magaña, UADY)

17. Problem Statements • Nutrition, no grasses during the dry season. • Irrigation is expensive.

18. Improve beef production 1.Nutrition concepts 2.Ranch management 3.Enhancements in reproduction index 4.Genetic selection Tedeschi, Fox, Baker(2003)

19. Nutrition, energy balance of cows • Energy balance of cows • Nutrition and energy balance are important to reproduction (Canfield et al.,1990) • Energy is the first limitation for production

20. Objectives of the thesis 1.To evaluate the forage energy availability by month of matching of nutrient requirements of cows and breeding heifers. 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year.

21. 1.Seasons -first half of the rainy season -second half of the rainy season -cool windy season -dry season 2.Groups of animals -weaning calves -breeding heifers -first and second calf cows -older cows 3.Physiological status of cows -Early lactation -Late lactation -Early dry cows -Late dry cows Groups of seasons and cattle

22. Source , Reynoso-Campos et al.,2003

23. Source, Reynoso-Campos et al.,2003

24. Source, Reynoso-Campos et al.,2003

25. The CVDS Inputs required 1.Estmates of ME (Metabolizable Energy) value of forage consumed each month 2.Description of cows that calve during each of 12 months. 3.Input information -existing data, and assumption

26. Source, Tedeschi et al.,2003

27. Source,Tedeschi et al.,2003

28. Objectives of the thesis • 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year.

29. Supplements for cows -Poultry manure -Molasses -Energy concentrates such as Sorghum and Corn -Commercial energy and protein concentrates “Campi” “Engorda ganado” - Commercial hay grass - Urea -Legumes

30. The CNCPS 1.Inputs required -Environmental information -Description of cows -Forage chemical components information 2. Input information Existing data and assumptions

31. 1.Seasons -first half of the rainy season -second half of the rainy season -cool windy season -dry season 2.Groups of animals -weaning calves -breeding heifers -first and second calf cows -older cows 3.Physiological status of cows -Early lactation -Late lactation -Early dry cows -Late dry cows Appropriate supplementation with the CNCPS for each group

32. Outputs • 1.To evaluate the forage energy availability by month of matching of nutrient requirements of cows and breeding heifers. • 2.To develop supplements for beef cows calving each month of the year.